Wave power is the process of capturing the kinetic energy of ocean surface waves to generate electricity or do other work. Waves are formed by wind transferring energy to water. Factors like wind speed, duration, and distance traveled (fetch) determine wave size. Several technologies have been developed to harness wave power, including wave profile devices, oscillating water columns, and wave capture devices. Wave power is a renewable resource with advantages like being pollution-free and predictable, but challenges include high costs and only being available near coastlines. The first wave power patent was filed in 1799, and research and development has increased efforts to commercialize the technology.
Sea waves have high energy densities, the highest among renewable energy sources with the natural seasonal variability of wave energy following the electricity demand in temperate climates securing energy supplies in remote regions.
Ocean wave machine is rotated by wave energy. Wave machine drives the generator rotor, pump to store the water at high level, compressor to store the air in compressed air storage plant. Here it is presented the different method to harness wave energy.
General objective
discuss the various ocean energy sources
interpret the energy transformation in wave energy conversion
discuss the working of various type wave energy plant
Specific objectives
define the wave energy
write benefits and application of wave energy system
explain the types of wave energy plant
Theoretical based Analysis on finding the potential of Wave Energy in Pakistan, based on data gathered about wind-wave characteristics at Karachi Sea Shore.
Sea waves have high energy densities, the highest among renewable energy sources with the natural seasonal variability of wave energy following the electricity demand in temperate climates securing energy supplies in remote regions.
Ocean wave machine is rotated by wave energy. Wave machine drives the generator rotor, pump to store the water at high level, compressor to store the air in compressed air storage plant. Here it is presented the different method to harness wave energy.
General objective
discuss the various ocean energy sources
interpret the energy transformation in wave energy conversion
discuss the working of various type wave energy plant
Specific objectives
define the wave energy
write benefits and application of wave energy system
explain the types of wave energy plant
Theoretical based Analysis on finding the potential of Wave Energy in Pakistan, based on data gathered about wind-wave characteristics at Karachi Sea Shore.
Tidal energy is produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides. Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy.
During the 20th century, engineers developed ways to use tidal movement to generate electricity in areas where there is a significant tidal range—the difference in area between high tide and low tide. All methods use special generators to convert tidal energy into electricity.
Tidal energy production is still in its infancy. The amount of power produced so far has been small. There are very few commercial-sized tidal power plants operating in the world. The first was located in La Rance, France. The largest facility is the Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station in South Korea. The United States has no tidal plants and only a few sites where tidal energy could be produced at a reasonable price. China, France, England, Canada, and Russia have much more potential to use this type of energy.
In the United States, there are legal concerns about underwater land ownership and environmental impact. Investors are not enthusiastic about tidal energy because there is not a strong guarantee that it will make money or benefit consumers. Engineers are working to improve the technology of tidal energy generators to increase the amount of energy they produce, to decrease their impact on the environment, and to find a way to earn a profit for energy companies.
Tidal Energy Generators
There are currently three different ways to get tidal energy: tidal streams, barrages, and tidal lagoons.
For most tidal energy generators, turbines are placed in tidal streams. A tidal stream is a fast-flowing body of water created by tides. A turbine is a machine that takes energy from a flow of fluid. That fluid can be air (wind) or liquid (water). Because water is much more dense than air, tidal energy is more powerful than wind energy. Unlike wind, tides are predictable and stable. Where tidal generators are used, they produce a steady, reliable stream of electricity.
Placing turbines in tidal streams is complex, because the machines are large and disrupt the tide they are trying to harness. The environmental impact could be severe, depending on the size of the turbine and the site of the tidal stream. Turbines are most effective in shallow water. This produces more energy and allows ships to navigate around the turbines. A tidal generator's turbine blades also turn slowly, which helps marine life avoid getting caught in the system.
The world's first tidal power station was constructed in 2007 at Strangford Lough in Northern Ireland. The turbines are placed in a narrow strait between the Strangford Lough inlet and the Irish Sea. The tide can move at 4 meters (13 feet) per second across the strait.
Barrage
Another type of tidal energy generator uses a large dam called a barrage. With a barrage, water can spill over the top or through turbines in the dam because the dam is low. Barrages can be constructed across tidal rivers, bays, and estuaries.
Tidal Energy the most common topic in science section and one of the most interesting topic . This slides contains the information how does actually tidal energy in generated and what are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy . Wave power design and how it works . This topic is mostly used as a project in schools and colleges in science section in higher schools
Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal energy has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent[when? clarification needed] technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed, and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels.
Historically, tide mills have been used both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The incoming water was contained in large storage ponds, and as the tide went out, it turned waterwheels that used the mechanical power it produced to mill grain. The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times. The process of using falling water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the U.S. and Europe in the 19th century.
The world's first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in France, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in terms of output until Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in August 2011. The Sihwa station uses sea wall defense barriers complete with 10 turbines generating 254 MW.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
2. How Waves Form ?
Differential warming of the earth causes pressure
differences in the atmosphere, which generate winds.
As winds move across the surface of open bodies of water,
they transfer some of their energy to the water and create
waves.
A few factors determine how strong an individual wave will
be. These include:
Speed of wind: The faster the wind is traveling, the bigger a
wave will be.
Time of wind: The wave will get larger the longer the length
of time the wind is hitting it.
Distance of wind: The farther the wind travels against the
wave (known as fetch), the bigger it will be.
3. Wave Power
Wave power is the transport of
energy by ocean surface waves,
and the capture of that energy to
do useful work – for example,
electricity generation, water
desalination, or the pumping of
water (into reservoirs).
4. What is Wave Energy?
Some of the kinetic (motional) energy in the wind is
transformed into waves once the wind hits the ocean
surface.
Wind energy ultimately forms due to solar energy and its
influence on high and low pressure.
The density of the energy that is transported under the
waves under the ocean surface is about five times higher
compared to the wind energy 20 meter (about 65 feet)
above.
In other words, the amount of energy in a single wave is
very high.
5. History
The first known patent to use energy from ocean waves
dates back to 1799 and was filed in Paris by Girard and his
son.
An early application of wave power was a device
constructed around 1910 .
From 1855 to 1973 there were already 340 patents filed in
the UK alone.
Modern scientific pursuit of wave energy was pioneered by
Yoshio Masuda's experiments in the 1940s.
A renewed interest in wave energy was motivated by the oil
crisis in 1973.
In the 1980s, a few first-generation prototypes were tested
at sea.
In 2008, the first experimental wave farm was opened in
Portugal.
6. Advantages of wave energy
Renewable: The best thing about wave energy is that it will
never run out. Unlike fossil fuels, which are running out.The
waves flow back from the shore, but they always return.
Environment Friendly: Also unlike fossil fuels, creating
power from waves creates no harmful byproducts such as
gas, waste and pollution
The energy is free - no fuel needed, no waste produced.
Not expensive to operate and maintain.
Can produce a great deal of energy.
It is a reliable source
Easily predictable
6
7. Disadvantages of Wave Energy
Suitable to Certain Locations:The biggest disadvantage
to getting your energy from the waves is location. Only
power plants and towns near the ocean will benefit
directly from it.
Effect on marine Ecosystem :As clean as wave energy is,
it still creates hazards for some of the animals near it
Depends on the waves - sometimes you'll get loads of
energy, sometimes almost nothing.
Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently
strong.
Weak performance in rough weather.
Maintenance and weather effects
Noisy
7
8. Harnessing Techniques
In order to extract this energy, wave energy conversion
devices must create a system of reacting forces, in
which two or more bodies move relative to each other,
while at least one body interacts with the waves.
There are many ways that such a system could be
configured.
9. Three Basic Kinds of Systems
Offshore (deals with swell energy not breaking waves)
Near Shore (maximum wave amplitude)
Embedded devices (built into shoreline to receive breaking wave – but energy
loss is occurring while the wave is breaking)
10. Wave Energy Devices
Wave Profile Devices: They turn the oscillating
height of the oceans surface into mechanical energy.
Oscillating Water Columns: They convert the
energy of the waves into air pressure.
Wave Capture Devices: They convert the
energy of the waves into potential energy.
11. Wave Profile Devices
If the physical size of the wave profile device is
very small compared to the periodic length of
the wave, this type of wave energy device is
called a "point absorber".
If the size of the device is larger or longer than
the typical periodic wavelength, it is called a
"linear absorber“.
12. Working
The waves energy is absorbed using
Vertical motion (heave)
Horizontal motion in the direction of wave travel (surge)
Angular motion about a central axis parallel to the wave crests (pitch)
or, angular motion about a vertical axis (yaw)
or a combination of all four
The energy being generated by reacting these different movements
against some kind of fixed resistance called a reaction point.
13. Wave Attenuators
As the waves pass along the
length of the device, they cause
the long cylindrical body to sag
downwards into the troughs of the
waves and arch upwards when the
waves crest is passing.
Connecting joints along the body
of the device flex in the waves
exerting a great deal of force
which is used to power a hydraulic
ram at each joint.
The hydraulic ram drives oil
through a hydraulic motor which
drives a generator, producing the
electricity.
14. Oscillating Water Column
(OWC)
The Oscillating Water Column, (OWC) is a
popular shoreline wave energy device
normally positioned onto or near to rocks or
cliffs which are next to a deep sea bottom.
They consist of a partly submerged hollow
chamber fixed directly at the shoreline which
converts wave energy into air pressure.
15. OWC- Working
As the incident waves outside enter and exit the chamber, changes in
wave movement on the opening cause the water level within the
enclosure to oscillate up and down acting like a giant piston on the air
above the surface of the water, pushing it back and forth.
This air is compressed and decompressed by this movement every cycle.
The air is channeled through a wind turbine generator to produce
electricity
16. 500 kW offshore OWC, Port Kembla,Australia
Oceanlinx’s world's first 1MW wave
energy converter unit 'greenWAVE,
Australia
17. Wave Capture Device
A Wave Capture Device also known as a Overtopping Wave
Power Device, is a shoreline to nearshore wave energy device
that captures the movements of the tides and waves and
converts it into potential energy.
Wave energy is converted into potential energy by lifting the
water up onto a higher level.
The wave capture device, or more commonly an overtopping
device, elevates ocean waves to a holding reservoir above sea
level.
It require sufficient wave power to fill the impoundment
reservoir.
18. Working
As the waves hit the structure they flow up a ramp and over
the top (hence the name "overtopping"), into a raised water
impoundment reservoir on the device in order to fill it.
Once captured, the potential energy of the trapped water in
the reservoir is extracted using gravity as the water returns to
the sea via a low-head Kaplan turbine generator located at
the bottom of the wave capture device.
19. 19
Oscillating Wave Surge Converter
These devices typically have one end fixed to a structure or the seabed
while the other end is free to move. Energy is collected from the relative
motion of the body compared to the fixed point.
These capture systems use the rise and fall motion of waves to capture
energy. Once the wave energy is captured at a wave source, power must
be carried to the point of use or to a connection to the electrical
grid by transmission power cables.
20. Tapered Channel (TAPCHAN)
The TAPCHAN is designed by a company called Norwave,
and a 350kW prototype commenced operation in 1985 on a
small Norwegian island.
The principle behind the design is to capture waves in a raised
reservoir (about 3 metres above the mean sea level) and then
extracting useful work as the water is allowed to flow back to
the sea.
21. Benefits of Ocean Wave Energy
Why better than other renewable
energies
Available 24/7 on 365 days - therefore
power produced from them is much steadier
and more predictable – waves can be
accurately predicted 48 hours in advance
and therefore forecast energy output (BUT
irregularity in wave ampitude, and direction)
Good data on waves from wave monitoring
bouys
Wave energy contains 1000 times the kinetic
energy of wind (can produce the same
amount of power in less space)