This document provides a summary of MySQL features over time: - It describes the early history of MySQL from 1983 to 2005, including key releases and acquisitions by Oracle and Sun. - From 2008 to 2013, it discusses Oracle's ownership of MySQL and the founding of MariaDB as an alternative open source database. - The document then outlines new features and improvements in MySQL versions 5.6 and MariaDB, including InnoDB performance, replication, partitioning and query optimization.

1. MySQL Features
Max Mether
@maxmether
max@skysql.com
17.04.2014 © SkySQL Ab. Commercial in Confidence 1

2. Who is Max ?

3. Early days
• 1983 - First version of what would become MySQL
created by Monty Widenius
• 1991 – The platform is EOLd
• 1994 – Open source MySQL is
released
• 1995 – MySQL AB founded
• 1996 – the LAMP stack rulez
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4. Sucessful growth
• 1999 Jul – MySQL 3.23. alpha released
• 2000 – InnoDB released as part of MySQL-max
• 2001 Jan – MySQL 3.23 GA
• 2001 Jan – Mårten Mickos joins MySQL as the CEO
• 2003 Mar – MySQL 4.0 GA
• 2004 Oct – MySQL 4.1 GA
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5. Volatility
• 2005 Oct – Oracle acquires InnoDB (Innobase)
• 2005 Oct – MySQL 5.0 GA
• 2005 Nov – Pluggable storage engines
• 2008 Jan – MySQL AB acquired by Sun for $1bn
• 2008 Nov – MySQL 5.1 GA
• 2008 Dec – Monty Program founded
• 2008 Dec – XtraDB released
• 2009 Apr – Oracle acquire Sun for $7.4bn
• 2009 Dec – Oracle makes MySQL promises to EU
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6. A new beginning?
• 2010 Feb – MariaDB 5.1 alpha released
• 2010 Dec – MySQL 5.5 GA released
• 2011 Sep – Oracle: closed source modules for MySQL
• 2012 Apr – MariaDB 5.5 GA is released
• 2012 Aug – Oracle: closes bugs db and test cases
• 2012 Dec – MariaDB Foundation is announced
• 2013 Feb – MySQL 5.6 GA is released
• 2013 Feb – Fedora and OpenSuSE replace MySQL with
MariaDB in their distributions
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7. MySQL Versions through time
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MySQL AB 3.23 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.2 6.0
Sun 5.1 5.2 5.4 6.0
Oracle 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.0 5.7
MariaDB 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 10.0 10.1

8. A brief history
• 1983 - First version of what would become MySQL created by Monty
Widenius
• 1995 – MySQL AB founded
• 2001 Jan – Mårten Mickos joins MySQL as the CEO
• 2005 Oct – Oracle acquires InnoDB (Innobase)
• 2008 Jan – MySQL AB acquired by Sun for $1bn
• 2008 Nov – MySQL 5.1 GA
• 2009 Jan – Monty Program is founded
• 2009 Apr – Oracle acquire Sun for $7.4bn
• 2009 Dec – Oracle makes MySQL promises to EU
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9. A new beginning?
• 2010 Feb – MariaDB 5.1 alpha released
• 2010 Dec – MySQL 5.5 GA released
• 2011 Sep – Oracle: closed source modules for MySQL
• 2012 Apr – MariaDB 5.5 GA is released
• 2012 Aug – Oracle: closes bugs db and test cases
• 2012 Dec – MariaDB Foundation is announced
• 2013 Feb – Fedora and OpenSuSE replace MySQL with MariaDB in their
distributions
• 2013 Mar – Slackware, Archware follow
• 2013 April - SkySQL merges with Monty Program
• 2013 June – RHEL announces MariaDB as default
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10. MySQL 5.6: InnoDB Performance
• Internal Improvements
– Split kernel mutex
– Efficient buffer pool
• Persistent optimizer statistics
– More accurate statistics
• SSD Optimizations
– 4k, 8k page sizes
– .ibd files outside MySQL data dir
– Separate tablespace for undo log
• Dump and restore warm buffer pool
– Limited disk foot print

11. MySQL 5.6: InnoDB Features
• Online DDL
– CREATE/DROP INDEX
– Change AUTO_INCREMENT value for a column
– ADD/DROP FOREIGN KEY
– ADD/DROP/RENAME COLUMN
– Change ROW FORMAT, KEY_BLOCK_SIZE for a table
– Change COLUMN NULL, NOT_NULL
• Transportable tablespaces
– FLUSH TABLE test FOR EXPORT;
– ALTER TABLE test DISCARD TABLESPACE;
– ALTER TABLE test IMPORT TABLESPACE;

12. MySQL 5.6: InnoDB Features
• Fulltext search
– Same syntax as for MyISAM tables
previously
• Memcached plugin
– Key-value access to InnoDB via
memcached API
– Fully transactional
create table quotes
(id int unsigned
auto_increment primary
key,
author varchar(64),
quote varchar(4000),
source varchar(64),
fulltext(quote))
engine=innodb;
select author from quotes
where match(quote) against (‘apple' in natural language mode);

13. MySQL 5.6: Replication
• GTID (Global Transaction ID)
– Simple to track and compare across replication
hierarchies
– Automatically identify most up-to-date slave
– Easy automatic reconfiguration when master changes
• Replication HA utilities
– mysqlfailover
– mysqlrpladmin
• Multi threaded slaves
– One thread per schema

14. MySQL 5.6: Replication
• Crash safe slave
– Replication state stored in InnoDB table
– Eliminates risk of replication state information loss
• Optimized row-image
– Only changed data stored
– binlog-row-image=minimal
• Event checksums
– Detects corrupt replication events before applied
– Returns an error

15. MySQL 5.6: Performance Schema
New Instrumentation
• Statements/Stages
• Table and Index I/O
• Table locks
• Users/Hosts/Accounts
• Network I/O
New Features
• Show contents of Host
cache
• New Summary tables
– Grouped by thread, user,
host, account or object
• Easier configuration
– Start up defaults in my.cnf
– Auto tune
• Reduced overhead
• On by default

16. MySQL 5.6: Improved Partitioning
• Up to 8k partitions/sub-partitions per table
• Explicit partition selection in queries, DML
(SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,DELETE, REPLACE,
LOAD DATA, LOAD XML)
• Import/export partitions to/from partitioned
tables to/from non-partitioned tables

17. MySQL 5.6: Improved Partitioning
MariaDB [employees]> select * from emp_temp order by emp_no limit 10;
+--------+------------+------------+---------------+--------+------------+
| emp_no | birth_date | first_name | last_name | gender | hire_date |
+--------+------------+------------+---------------+--------+------------+
| 10241 | 1958-07-01 | Ortrud | Murillo | M | 1988-06-12 |
| 10245 | 1962-08-23 | Ramalingam | Gente | F | 1985-04-26 |
| 10249 | 1954-06-10 | Marie | Boreale | M | 1991-12-08 |
| 10253 | 1964-11-12 | Zsolt | Salinas | F | 1985-02-21 |
| 10257 | 1957-09-12 | Aiman | Riexinger | M | 1986-08-05 |
| 10261 | 1959-12-25 | Mang | Erie | M | 1993-10-20 |
| 10265 | 1960-12-01 | Ramalingam | Muniz | M | 1989-07-13 |
| 10269 | 1959-10-07 | Taizo | Oxman | F | 1988-07-24 |
| 10273 | 1962-08-29 | Baocai | Lieblein | M | 1985-11-06 |
| 10277 | 1964-08-15 | Isaac | Schwartzbauer | M | 1985-06-16 |
+--------+------------+------------+---------------+--------+------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [employees]> select * from employees_part partition (p0) order by emp_no limit 10;
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| emp_no | birth_date | first_name | last_name | gender | hire_date |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| 1 | 0000-00-00 | max | | M | 0000-00-00 |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

18. MySQL 5.6: Improved Partitioning
MariaDB [employees]> alter table employees_part exchange partition p0 with table emp_temp;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
MariaDB [employees]> select * from employees_part partition (p0) order by emp_no limit 10;
+--------+------------+------------+---------------+--------+------------+
| emp_no | birth_date | first_name | last_name | gender | hire_date |
+--------+------------+------------+---------------+--------+------------+
| 10241 | 1958-07-01 | Ortrud | Murillo | M | 1988-06-12 |
| 10245 | 1962-08-23 | Ramalingam | Gente | F | 1985-04-26 |
| 10249 | 1954-06-10 | Marie | Boreale | M | 1991-12-08 |
| 10253 | 1964-11-12 | Zsolt | Salinas | F | 1985-02-21 |
| 10257 | 1957-09-12 | Aiman | Riexinger | M | 1986-08-05 |
| 10261 | 1959-12-25 | Mang | Erie | M | 1993-10-20 |
| 10265 | 1960-12-01 | Ramalingam | Muniz | M | 1989-07-13 |
| 10269 | 1959-10-07 | Taizo | Oxman | F | 1988-07-24 |
| 10273 | 1962-08-29 | Baocai | Lieblein | M | 1985-11-06 |
| 10277 | 1964-08-15 | Isaac | Schwartzbauer | M | 1985-06-16 |
+--------+------------+------------+---------------+--------+------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [employees]> select * from emp_temp order by emp_no limit 10;
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| emp_no | birth_date | first_name | last_name | gender | hire_date |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| 1 | 0000-00-00 | max | | M | 0000-00-00 |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

19. MySQL 5.6: Optimizer Features
• Subquery Optimizations
• File Sort optimizations
• Index Condition Pushdown
• Batched Key Access
• Multi Range Read

20. MySQL 5.6 – Hadoop Applier
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21. Questions?
Max Mether
@maxmether
max@skysql.com
17.04.2014 © SkySQL Ab. Commercial in Confidence 21