This document provides an overview of MySQL best practices for database administrators (DBAs). It discusses the history and founders of MySQL, describes major versions and new features, explains storage engines and their advantages/disadvantages, covers MySQL configuration files and log types, discusses user accounts and the data dictionary, and provides tips for developers.

2. ExploringMySQL BestPractices for
DBA`s

3. About ME
Baruchosoveskiy
• Senior Consultant @brillix
• Linux/UNIXSYSADMIN(from 1999)
• DBA onoracleand MySQL.
• Working withMySQLfrom 2000.
• blogger in ildba.co.il

4. History of MySQL
• 1979Founded anddevelopedbyDavid Axmark,Allan Larsson,
and Michael“Monty” Widenius
• Named afterMonty'sdaughter,My
• Sun acquiredMySQLABin Jan2008for$1billiondollars
• OracleacquiredSun in 2010for $5.6billiondollars
• 4December2012 DavidAxmark,AllanLarsson,and Michael
“Monty” Widenius announcedMariaDB

5. MySQLVersion History
• 3.11.1First public release
• 3.23 IntegratedBerkeleyDB supportstransactions,
abstractStorageEngine
• 4.0IntegrationInnoDB
• 4.1 significantimprovements,subquery,Unicode,c /s
communicationprotocol

6. MySQL Version History
• 5.0storedprocedure,view,triggers,queryoptimizer
• 5.1 NDB,record replicationInnoDB plugin defaultinstall
• 5.5 OracleFirstVersionMulti processsupport,
~300% performanceimprovement
• 5.6and7.4clusterCurrentGAVersion
• 5.7CurrentDEV Version
** Productionrecommendationis 5.5 and 5.6.

7. Who uses MySQL?

8. US Navy carrier flight
operations

9. MySQL Server
Community:
Freelydownloadableversionopensourcedatabase.It is
availableunder the GPL license and issupportedbya huge
and activecommunityof open sourcedevelopers.
Enterprise: Free for 30 day evaluation
Paidsubscriptionincludessupportand the following:
• MySQLEnterpriseBackup (LIVE BACKUPtool)
• MySQLEnterpriseMonitor(“GRID CONTROL” like tool)
• MySQLQueryAnalyzer
• MySQLWorkbench(Free)

10. MySQLArchitecture vs ORACLE Architecture
is it user or schema ?
DataBase
Instance(pmon,smon…) ServerInstance(mysqld)
User User
TableSpace TableSpace
DataFile OSFile-.ibdMYI.MYD.Frm
DataBaseSchema
User

11. Storage Engines
why so many ?

12. Storage Engines
why so many ?
• handles,and retrievesinformationfrom a table
• EachStorage Enginehaveits Advantageanddisadvantage
• There is noperfectStorageEngine
• The recommended/default StorageEngineis InnoDB

13. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

14. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

15. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

16. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

17. Storage Engines
why so many ?
And more
• Percona XtraDB enhancedversionof the InnoDB storage
engine.
• RocksDB (LevelDB) is an persistentkey-valuestore for
faststorage.
• OQGRAPH (for MariaDB) Open QueryGRAPHengine

19. MySQL configuration-my.cnf,my.ini
where is my spfile?

20. MySQL configuration - my.cnf,my.ini
where is my spfile?
• Configurationfile name my.cnf
• ConfigurationfileLocation:
“/etc/my.cnf”, “/etc/mysql/my.cnf “ in linux,
“C:ProgramDataMySQLMySQL Server 5.6my.ini” inwindows
• mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
• Can run Multiple MySQLInstancesononemachine
needdifferent port

21. Storage and log types
what is this file? can I delete it ?
• ErrorLog:log-error (Oracle alertlog)
• BinaryLog:log-bin (Oracle Archivelogs)
• SlowQueryLog:log-slow-queries,slow-query-time,log-queries-
not-using-indexes
• GeneralLog: MySQLsessiondebug log

22. • .frm: MySQLrepresentseach tablebyan .frm tableformat
file, storestabledefinitionin the databasedirectory.
• .MYD: This is theextensionof theDatafiles for MyISAM
tables.
• .MYI:Thisis theextensionof the Indexfiles for MyISAM
tables.
Storage and log types
what is this file? can I delete it ?

23. • TABLE_NAME.ibd:If youspecify innodb_file_per_tableoption
to my.cnf,InnoDBstoreseachtable in itsown .ibd
• ibdata1: Sharedtablespace/ data file for InnoDB tables
when innodb_file_per_tableoption isnotspecifiedin my.cnf.
• ib_logfile0, ib_logfile1: InnoDBlogfiles. importantfor
performanceand recovery.
Storage and log types
what is this file? can I delete it ?

24. The Data Dictionary
where is v$ and DBA_ ?

25. The Data Dictionary
where is v$ and DBA_
• INFORMATION_SCHEMA– INFORMATIONaboutthe instance,table,
columns,views,privileges
• PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA– INFORMATIONaboutinstance
performance,topsql,top tableIO
• Showcommand– get systemvariablesinformation,oracle
:show parameters
show process list select * from v$sessions ;
show tables select table_name from user_tables;
show variables like ‘%size%’ show parameters size

26. SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, SUM((DATA_LENGTH + INDEX_LENGTH) /
(1024 * 1024)) AS SIZE_MB FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA ORDER BY SIZE_MB DESC
SELECT ROUTINE_TYPE, ROUTINE_NAME FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE
ROUTINE_SCHEMA='dbname';
SELECT EVENT_ID, EVENT_NAME, TIMER_WAIT
FROM PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.events_waits_history
WHERE THREAD_ID = 13
ORDER BY EVENT_ID;
The Data Dictionary
where is v$ and DBA_

27. MySQL User account
• MySQLuser accountis basedon username and hostname
For example:
select user,host from mysql.user;
+--------+---------------------+
| user | host |
+--------+---------------------+
| baruch| % |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | 192.168.10.40 |
| root | ::1 |
| root | localhost |
+--------+--------------------+
The Userroot@127.0.0.1 cannotconnect from 192.168.10.40
And theuserbaruch@% asconnectfrom all clients

28. Tips for
Developer

29. Tips for Developer
what the F***, no Sequences ?
• NoSequences - useAUTO_INCREMENT
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
- Must be tied toa [table].[column]
- Only one per table
- No systemwide capability
- LAST_INSERT_ID()
- No getnextcapability

30. Tips for Developer
Character Set/Collation
• Every character column hasa column characterset and a
column collation
CREATE TABLE t1
(
col1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8,
COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci,
col2 TEXT
) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE
latin1_bin;

31. Tips for Developer
• EscapedReservedWords areallowed
CREATE TABLE `workers` (...);
CREATE TABLE “workers” (...); (depend on sql_mode)
• Spaceandother specialcharactersallowed
CREATE TABLE `My Table Name` (...);
(depend on OS for file creation )

32. Tips for Developer
can I use PL/SQL ?
• NoPL/SQL - StoredProcedureswith limited Functionality
NO - Types,Overloading,namedparameters,pinning,
packagesBuilt-in Packages
• MySQLProvide proceduresand functions

33. Tips for Developer
inserts and dual
• noneedof dual
• Multi valueinsert
INSERT INTO example
VALUES (100, 'Name 1', 'Value 1', 'Other 1'),
(101, 'Name 2', 'Value 2', 'Other 2');
• INSERTON DUPLICATEKEY
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;
• StoreIP Addressas UNSIGNEDINT
SELECT INET_ATON('10.0.5.9');
167773449
select 1 select 1 from dual

34. Tips for Developer
SQL_MODE
• EmulateOracleBehavior
SET SQL_MODE=TRADITIONAL,ORACLE
Example :
Use concatin mysql :
SELECT CONCAT('A','B');
SET sql_mode='PIPES_AS_CONCAT';
SELECT 'A'||'B';
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-sql-mode.html

35. MySQL Cluster

36. MySQLReplication – Master Slave(n)

37. MySQL and NoSQL
NoSQL API

38. Q & A

39. Thanks for attending!
Baruch osoveskiy
baruch@brillix.co.il