MySQL Quick Dive

Quick Dive into MySQL
Sudipta – sudipta.sahoo@oracle.com
Joshi – madhusudhan.joshi@oracle.com

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Program Agenda
 What is MySQL ?
 MySQL Server Overview
 What‟s New in 5.6
 MySQL Enterprise Components
 Q & A

What is MySQL ?

“MySQL is the world's most widely used open
source relational database management
system (RDBMS) that runs as a server
providing multi-user access to a number of
databases”

What is MySQL ?
 Robust ACID compliant RDBMS
 Open Source (GPL v2 + proprietary)
 Used by some of the largest web properties in the world
 Abundantly present in all major Linux distributions and
hosting providers
 Properly documented and professionally supported by
Oracle
 Simple to get and easy to use

Picking the Right Variant

Server and
Connectors
Security
Scalability
InnoDB
Monitoring,
Backup etc
Cluster
Community   
Classic library
Standard   
Enterprise    
Cluster Carrier
Grade
    
MySQL Editions

MySQL Version Numbering
Major Version Minor Version Milestone
Current 5.6 5.6.17 5.7.4-m14
Incompatible
changes
 
Upgradable  
New Features  * 
Compatible 
Released every approx. 2 years 2 months 2-4 Months

Installer vs. Archive Distribution ?
vs.

MySQL Concepts

MySQL Building Blocks
Client Apps
Connectors: C, JDBC, ODBC, PHP, Python, .NET
Server
Parser + Optimizer
Query Execution
Storage Engines
InnoDB MyISAM Memory …
System Apps
“Not Only SQL”
Plugin
Plugin
Plugin
Plugin

Storage Engines
 Implement data storage and retrieval at table level
 Every table needs one
 Some storage engines:
– InnoDB (default since 5.5) – fully transactional, ACID compliant
– MyISAM (previous default) – non-transactional, file based
– INFORMATION_SCHEMA – fully virtual
– PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA – volatile generated data
– black hole storage engine – data go in, nothing goes out

Plugins
 Extend the server functionality at run time
 Interesting plugin types
– Authentication
– Storage engines
– SQL accessible functions
– Password validation
– INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables

User Accounts
 Two parts : „user name‟@‟host name‟.
 Can use wildcards in host names: empty („‟), „%‟ and „_‟.
 Host part can be IP addresses/net masks too.
 Authentication methods are pluggable.
 No passwords are stored in tables, only hashes.
 GRANT commands can create users too.

“Logged in” and “Current” User ID
 Joe connects from the data entry department
 MySQL finds a record ’’@’%.dataentry’ and authenticates Joe to it
 Joe can use all privileges granted to ’’@’%.dataentry’
joe@p1.dataentry
Users table
‟‟@%.dataentry
user() current_user()

Granting Privileges
 Always granted to a user@host combination
 Only DROP USER is guaranteed to clean up properly !
 INSERT can be granted on a column subset
 Privileges are checked against current_user()

Privileges in MySQL
 Server : USAGE, SHUTDOWN, SUPER, CREATE …
– Database : CREATE, DROP, EXECUTE, SELECT, …
 Table : INSERT, SELECT, …
– Column : INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE
– Stored routine : EXECUTE, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE
 User : PROXY

Replication
 One way : master to slave(s)
– NEW ! This is changing. Check labs.mysql.com
 Asynchronous or Semi-Synchronous
 Replication log formats
– Statements
– Row data
– Mixed

Partitioning
 A storage engine
 Horizontal partitioning
 Partition by
– List : BY LIST(<expr>) (PARTITION <name> VALUES IN (3,5,6,9,17)
– Range : BY RANGE (<expr>) (PARTITION <name> VALUES LESS THAN
(<num>), …
– Hash/Key: BY HASH( <expr> ) PARTITIONS (4)

User Variables
 Connection specific
 Weak typed
 No declaration needed
mysql> SELECT @min_price:=MIN(price),@max_price:=MAX(price) FROM shop;
mysql> SELECT * FROM shop WHERE price=@min_price OR price=@max_price;
+---------+----------+---------+
| article | dealer | price |
+---------+----------+---------+
| 0003 | D | 1.25 |
| 0004 | D | 19.95 |
+---------+----------+---------+

Basic Operations

Connecting to the Database
 IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
 Designated TCP port 3306
 Transparent SSL encryption layer supported
Protocol Connection Type Operating Systems
TCP/IP Local and Remote Any
UNIX Socket File Local only UNIX
Named Pipe Local only Windows
Shared Memory Local only Windows
 IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
 Designated TCP port 3306
 Transparent SSL encryption layer supported

Executing Queries Using the „mysql‟ Tool
 „?‟ Is help
 Statements end with a semicolon (or whatever delimiter is set to).
 You can set a “current” database : USE or through the command line
 Commands come from standard input, if not on a console
 Results go to standard output, errors to standard error
 Command line editing on the console
 Don‟t forget SHOW WARNINGS

Exploring Databases and Objects
 Backward Compatible MySQL Commands
– SHOW DATABASES / TABLES / TRIGGERS / PROCEDURE /FUNCTION
STATUS
– SHOW CREATE TABLE / VIEW / TRIGGER
– SHOW PROCEDURE / FUNCTION CODE
 INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables
– TABLES, TRIGGERS, VIEWS, ROUTINES, COLUMNS etc
 ls, dir etc.

Disk Structure
 Databases are file system directories
 Tables are just a bunch of files
 Can add tables and databases through the file system mid-flight.

The SQL Dialect(s)
 Most common gotchas
– AVG() ≠ AVG<space>()
– ‟this is a string‟ (single quote)
– ”this is a string too” (double quote)
– `this is a quoted identifier` (back tick)
– b, n, r, t, Z work as in C
– || is OR, not CONCAT(), && works as an AND too !

Unique Commands and Functionality
 DROP TABLE/DATABASE … IF EXISTS
 Set and read user variables from inside other commands
 Case insensitive string comparisons by default

Mind the Storage Engine
 Every table needs a storage engine. And there‟s a default one too !
mysql> create table t1 (a integer) engine='vaporware';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0,05 sec)
mysql> show create table t1;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`a` integer(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB

MySQL Tries to be Nice. Too Nice.
 SELECT 1 FROM DUAL WHERE 1 = ‘1 starting string’ returns a row
 Strings are silently truncated when inserted into smaller columns
 Out-of-range integer values are auto-adjusted
 Syntax known not to work is still accepted : e.g. FOREIGN KEYS and
MyISAM

What‟s new in MySQL 5.6 ?

MySQL 5.6 : Best Release Ever !
 Improved Performance and Scalability
– Scales to 48 CPU threads
– Up to 230% performance gain over MySQL 5.5
 Improved InnoDB
– Better Transaction Throughput and availability
 Improved Optimizer
– Faster query execution and diagnostics for query tunning and debugging

MySQL 5.6 : Best Release Ever !
 Improved Replication
– Higher Performance, availability and data integrity
 Improved PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA
– Better Instrumentation, User/Application level statistics and monitoring
 New ! NoSQL Access to InnoDB
– Fast, Key/Value access with full ACID compliance, better developer agility
 New ! MySQL Hadoop applier
– Uses the binary log for real-time push of the data
Continued

Oracle Premier
Lifetime Support
Oracle Product
Certifications/Integrations
MySQL Enterprise
High Availability
MySQL Enterprise
Security
MySQL Enterprise
Scalability
MySQL Enterprise
Backup
MySQL Enterprise
Monitor/Query Analyzer
MySQL Workbench
MySQL Enterprise Edition
Highest Levels of Security, Performance and Availability
MySQL Enterprise
Audit

Oracle Premier
Lifetime Support
DBA Concern…is my data safe ???
…Who can see it ?
… What was seen ?
… Who can change it ?
… What was changed ?

 Out-of-the-box logging of connections, logins, query activity
 User defined policies, filtering and log rotation
 Dynamically enabled, disabled: no server restart
 XML-based audit stream per Oracle audit specification
 Easily implemented via MySQL 5.5 Audit API
 MySQL 5.5.28 and higher
Adds regulatory compliance to MySQL applications.
HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley, PCI, etc.
MySQL Enterprise Audit
Policy-based Auditing for MySQL Applications

 PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)
- Access external authentication methods
- Standard interface (Unix, LDAP, Kerberos, others)
- proxied and non-proxied users
 Windows
- Access native Windows services
- Authenticate users already logged into Windows (Windows Active
Directory)
 Pluggable Authentication API
Integrates MySQL with existing security infrastructures and SOPs.
MySQL Enterprise Security
External Authentication

 MySQL default thread-handling – excellent performance, can
limit scalability as user connections grow
 MySQL Thread Pool improves sustained performance/scale as
user connections grow
 Thread Pool API
Ensures better, sustained performance as user loads continue to grow.
MySQL Enterprise Scalability
MySQL Thread Pool

Internal Clients
Default
Thread Handling
Connections
/statements
assigned
to Threads
for life
 Connections assigned to 1 thread for the life of the connection, same thread used
for all statements
 No prioritization of threads, statement executions
 Many concurrent connections = many concurrent execution threads to consume
server memory, limit scalability
Connection Execution Threads
External Clients
Default Thread Handling

Internal Clients
Connection Execution Threads
External Clients
Thread Pool
Thread Group 1
Threads 1 - 4096
Thread Group 2
Threads 4097 - 8193
Thread Group N
Threads 8194 - N
 Thread Pool contains configurable number of thread groups (default = 16), each
manages up to 4096 re-usable threads
 Each connection assigned to thread group via round robin
 Threads are prioritized, statements queued to limit concurrent executions, load on
server, improve scalability as connections grow
Thread Group 1
Thread Group 2
Thread Group N
With Thread Pool Enabled

With Thread Pool
MySQL Community Server
Without Thread Pool
60x Better Scalability with Thread Pool
MySQL 5.6.11
Oracle Linux 6.3, Unbreakable Kernel 2.6.32
4 sockets, 24 cores, 48 Threads
Intel(R) Xeon® E7540 2GHz CPUs
512GB DDR RAM
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 4 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192
TransactionsPerSecond
Simultaneous Database Connections
MySQL 5.6 Sysbench OLTP Read/Write

With Thread Pool
MySQL Community Server
Without Thread Pool
18x Better Scalability with Thread Pool
MySQL 5.6.11
Oracle Linux 6.3, Unbreakable Kernel 2.6.32
4 sockets, 24 cores, 48 Threads
Intel(R) Xeon® E7540 2GHz CPUs
512GB DDR RAM
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1 4 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192
TransactionsPerSecond
Simultaneous Database Connections
MySQL 5.6 Sysbench OLTP Read Only

MySQL Enterprise Monitor
 Real-time MySQL performance and availability monitoring
 Visually find & fix problem queries
 Disk monitoring for capacity planning
 Cloud friendly architecture (no agents)
 Start monitoring MySQL in 10 minutes
 Remote agent option provides OS monitoring
New!

 Online Backup for InnoDB (scriptable interface)
 Full, Incremental, Partial Backups (with compression)
 Point in Time, Full, Partial Recovery options
 Monitoring and Alerts on Backup Operations
 Metadata on status, progress, history
 Unlimited Database Size
 Windows, Linux, Unix
 Certified with Oracle Secure Backup, NetBackup, Tivoli, others
MEB Backup
Files
MySQL
Database Files
mysqlbackup
Ensures quick, online backup and recovery of your on premise and Cloud
based MySQL applications.
MySQL Enterprise Backup

4h 17 mins
5.25 mins
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
mysqldump MySQL Enterprise Backup
Minutes
Backup: 73 GB Database
MySQL Enterprise Backup: 49x Faster than mysqldump
49x
More
Performance

MySQL Enterprise Backup: 80x Faster than mysqldump
18h 45 mins
14 mins
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
mysqldump MySQL Enterprise Backup
Minutes
Restore: 73 GB Database
80x
More
Performance

Database Design
 Visual Design, modeling
 Forward/Reverse Engineer
 Schema validation, Schema doc
SQL Development
 SQL Editor - Color Syntax Highlighting
 Objects - Import/Export, Browse/Edit
Database Administration
 Status, Configuration, Start/Stop
 Users, Security, Sessions
 Import/Export Dump Files
New! Database Migration Wizard
for SQL Server, Sybase, SQLite, SQL Anywhere & PostgreSQL
MySQL Workbench

What Do the Tools Look Like ?

Other Useful Utilities
 GUI
– MySQL Workbench
– MS Visual Studio
 Command line
– mysqldump
– mysqlbinlog
– mysql_config_editor
 MySQL Enterprise Tools

 Oracle Linux (w/DRBD Stack)
 Oracle VM
 Oracle VM Template for MySQL EE
 Oracle Solaris Clustering
 Oracle GoldenGate
 Oracle Secure Backup
 Oracle Database Firewall
 My Oracle Online Support
Oracle Product Integrations/Certifications
Available Now

Oracle Product Integrations/Certifications
In Progress
 Oracle Fusion MiddleWare
- WebCenter Suite
- Enterprise Content Management
- Oracle Business Intelligence Suite
 Oracle Clusterware
 Oracle Audit Vault
 Oracle Enterprise Manager
 And More…

How to Continue With
Your MySQL Studies?

Training
 Training courses
– MySQL for Beginners, MySQL for Developers, MySQL for DBAs
– Performance Tuning, High Availability, Cluster
– MySQL and PHP : Developing Dynamic Web Applications
 Certification
– Oracle Certified Associate, Professional, Expert
 Learning paths
http://www.mysql.com/training/

Support
 Oracle Lifetime Support for MySQL
– Largest Team of MySQL Experts
– Backed by MySQL Developers
– Direct Access to MySQL Support Engineers
– Forward Compatible Hot Fixes
– MySQL Maintenance Releases
– Support in 29 Languages
– 24/7/365
– Unlimited Incidents
– Knowledge Base
– MySQL Consultative Support
http://www.mysql.com/support
Only from
Oracle

Join the MySQL Community
 Online manuals
 Forums
 Mailing lists
 Bug tracker
 Development articles
 Design documents database
 Downloads
 Blogs
MySQL Developer Zone: http://dev.mysql.com

 mysql.com
- MySQL Products and Editions
- TCO calculator
- Customer success stories
 dev.mysql.com
- Downloads, Documentation
- Forums
- PlanetMySQL
 eDelivery.oracle.com
- Download and evaluate all MySQL products
Learn More

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