Mussels In The Great Lakes Analysis

Mussels In The Great Lakes Analysis
In the article published by the Detroit Free Press "How do you get rid 750 trillion mussels in the Great Lakes" written by Kathleen Lavey, the author
discusses how there is currently no technology that would help on a large enough scale to kill all of the invasive mussels. Lavey talks about how
there are paints that contain chili peppers which muscles don't atach to. Companies use this paint on intake pipes so they do not get clogged with
muscles. Lavey also discusses 060Bio which a piece of foam that is infused with copper and zinc ions which muscles find unsavory. They place these
on boats, that way boats don't get infested with muscles and move them around the lakes. There are many different ideas out there but they don't have a
method that
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Asian Carp Research Paper
In the 1970's man introduced the Asian Carp (Cyprinus carpio) to the Great Lake region. Their introduction was done primarily as a form of
management of aqua culture farms and sewage treatment areas (Watershed Council). The fish were under controlled populations until record floods
occurred in the upper Mississippi River system. Once the flooding occurred the species began to spread and destroy the native populations of fish and
other aquatic animals.
The Carp having not been native to the Great lakes region have the upper hand on the native species. By there being no natural predators located in
this region let alone this hemisphere, the carp have been able to flourish in mass numbers. Their large size and abilities to reproduce up to 2.2
million have been able to decimate the natural population (Cooke, S.L). The Carp can grow up to a weight of 100 pounds and up to 4 feet long.
The Sturgeon a fish that can exceed 6 feet in length and grow up to 100 pounds is the largest native fish in the region of the Great Lakes. The
Sturgeons size is impressive and is able to compete with that of the Carps but that is only in a select few. The average size for the Sturgeon is
anywhere between 28–48 inches and 5–36 pounds (Great Lakes fishers). This makes them smaller and capable of easily being over ... Show more
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Since they were introduced back in the 70's to help with waste treatment it would be safe to gather that they are bottom feeders like the Catfish here
in North Texas lakes that we are more familiar with. The Carp are in fact filter feeders and need algae to maintain larger populations (Response in
the Midwest). There is fear among officials that the Carp are capable of adapting their dietary needs and will begin to prey on smaller local fish that
come in from the rivers and streams that feeds the Great

Essay on CanadaВґs Mixedwood Plains and Pollution
Canada is a very large country, with areas of land in various climate regions, and land regions, thus having many ecozones that differentiate from
another. The most populated ecozone in Canada is the Mixedwood Plains; the ecozone we are located in, named after the mixedwood forests that are
native to the area. The Mixedwood Plains is one of the smallest of the Canadian ecozones, spanning only 175 963 kilometres squared. The Mixedwood
Plains is bordered by three of the great lakes on the southern side of the ecozone, and comes up along the St Lawrence river to southern Quebec, and
fills the tip of Ontario. It has rolling plains and small rock formations and escarpments. The Mixedwood Plains contains over half of the Canadian
population as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More than 24 billion gallons of untreated sewage waste and storm water are pumped into the lakes annually. Pollution is increasing as well, due to the
cottage development, where people enjoy spending their summers relaxing. For many years, the lake habitats have been affected by pollution and
habitat destruction. The market for fish is tremendous; so much so, that we have depleted our fishing resources, and have had to market on invasive
species.
As well as pollution, invasive species are damaging the lake ecosystems and food chains, made fragile by pollution and overfishing. The
introduction of a new species throws off the balance of food chains. Some common invasive species include the sea lamprey, Asian carp, and zebra
mussels, among many others. Zebra mussels have dramatically influenced and affected stable food chains by reducing the amount of zooplankton
and phytoplankton. This presents a problem, as fish mostly feed on the drifters, and so they go hungry and die, leaving no food for larger fish to
prey on. In addition to underwater disruption, it affects us as well, but only slightly. Plankton and algae especially are the most productive aquatic
producers of oxygen, and by the decreasing population, we lose oxygen as well. The sea lamprey is also a problem, though it is not so influential to
ecosystems as the zebra mussel.
The Canadian and US governments are working together on solutions to treat pollution and habitat destruction, as well as overfishing and

The Great Lakes Region
The Huron were a First Nations people around what is currently known as the Great Lakes region. The Jesuits, a group of French Catholic missionaries,
voyaged to various parts of the St. Lawrence region. With that, the Jesuit missions of Huronia are significant in understanding the history of Huronia,
Catholic conversions of First Nations, the epidemics that ravaged many Aboriginal peoples, and the displacement of the Huron. There were
considerable effects of the Jesuit missions, including economic benefits for the French and the Huron, differences and similarities among the two
cultures, and the devastating epidemics among the First Nations. This essay argues that the Jesuit missions of Huronia was a contributing force in the
eventual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the 1620s, the Huron–French economic alliance was strong and benefitted both partners. As this economic partnership progressed, the Huron people
allowed the French to send Catholic priests to Huronia as a part of the Counter–Reformation movement of this time, in which the French aimed "to root
out corruption in the Catholic Church" as Christianity split along irreconcilable differences among Catholics and Protestants. Firstly, the Recollet
missionaries voyaged to the Huron area to convert Aboriginal peoples to Catholicism and French values. However, due to financial issues, the
Recollets worked with the Jesuits from 1625 to 1629, who were wealthy and dominant, whose mission was "to convert non–Christians throughout the
world." Moreover, in 1634, the French–Huron alliance was renewed as the Huron people reluctantly allowed the French missionaries to live among
them in Huronia. However, the Huron people were apprehensive of the Jesuits as there had been a considerable loss of life after various European
diseases were introduced to them. The Jesuits exerted considerable effort in their missions in Huronia. Firstly, as these distinct cultures closely
interacted with each other, a relationship required the building of cooperation and communication. That is, the Jesuits stressed the importance of
learning the Huron

Environmental Justice Issue Of Environmental...
Introduction I propose to add the environmental justice issue of environmental discrimination into the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. To do so, I
will investigate specific issues and regulation deficiencies that are negatively impacting the Great Lakes' reserves, and develop a plan of action on
your behalf. As you are aware, protecting the Great Lakes is critically important. It is not only the largest source of freshwater in the United States but in
the whole world. Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin border the Great Lakes, and all of those
states use it as a water source for a total of about 10 million people. Since the passing of the Clean Water Act, industries like U.S. Steel Industry have
been using the loopholes found in the bill to further their profit, and as a side effect has caused damage to the water supply, disproportionately
affecting people in marginalized communities. By using these loopholes, the Great Lakes are continually polluted, which causes appalling damage to
the millions of people who use the water for drinking and other water–centric necessities. Also, aging infrastructure causes leaking pipes, corroding
pipes that jeopardize the water systems, and failing sewage treatment plants. These infrastructure problems not only disproportionate effect
marginalized communities but all communities suffer when the Great Lakes become polluted. Since there is already an initiative to combat

Why And Why Are The Great Lakes Important?
The Great Lakes are one of the most important resources not only in the Windsor Essex area but also in North America, it is reported that they
contain the second largest amount of fresh water on earth second to the polar ice caps ("Why Are the Great Lakes Important?" Why Are the Great
Lakes Important? Ask. Web. 8 July 2015. . ) ("Great Lakes." The Canadian Encyclopedia. 7 Feb. 2006. Web. 8 July 2015. .). Individuals rely on it for
drinking water, cooking, economic benefits (fisheries), power, recreation use and migration and trade routes "Great Lakes." Government of Canada,
Environment Canada. Government of Canada. Web. 8 July 2015. .
As we can see humans rely heavily on Great Lakes for many things; but the stability of the natural environment ... Show more content on
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Zebra mussels which colonized Lake St Clair and spread through the Great Lakes are still a large problem for today's industries mainly affecting water
sanitation and power generating plants. Zebra Mussels are found throughout the Great Lakes regions, they are native to Black Sea and were introduced
to the Great Lakes through ships carrying ballast water ( http://www.invadingspecies.com/invaders/invertebrates/zebra–and–quagga–mussels/ ). They
are able to reproduce and colonize easily due to their generalist nature. Zebra Mussels tend to clog intake screens in power generation plants in some
cases company have to spend millions on removing these organisms and even more on just monitoring them. The impact of Zebra Mussels in Ontario
alone cost $75–91 million a year("How Government Combats Invasive Species." Ontario.ca. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 8 May 2014.
Web. 8 July 2015. . ) . They also clog pipes in the water supply system affecting not only water sanitation plants but also everyday homeowners who live
near waterfront. Not only has that but due to introduction of Zebra Mussel the native clam population reduced significantly. And they filter water to
where plankton are removed from ecosystem altering the food web dynamics ( http://www.invadingspecies.com/invaders/invertebrates
/zebra–and–quagga–mussels/). In turn

Essay Asian Carp: Destroying the Great Lakes
Asian Carp should be prevented from entering the Great Lakes because they are destroying the ecosystem in that area. They are a negative
contribution to the lakes because they are eating all of the plankton needed for the native fish to survive, which in turn will create a mass starvation
among all the fish in the area. The Asian Carp are also a hazard to boaters, as they are capable of jumping out of the water and knocking into
fishermen. They can take over an area quickly and never leave because they have no predators, they come in massive swarms, and they breed fast.
There are seven types of Asian carp, but only two of these types, the bighead carp and the silver carp, are considered a threat at the moment. The Great
Lakes Fishery ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The waterways are connected from the Great Lakes to the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which goes into the Des Plaines River and proceeds to
the Mississippi River. The fish are able to travel all the way through these areas. The CBC's broadcast on Asian carp stated that the Chicago Sanitary
and Ship Canal that joins Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River is the main focus where the fish have entered the Great Lakes. The Asian carp
can only hurt the Great Lakes ecosystem. Because they eat the same food as the filter feeding fish in the food chain, competition is great. If the
fish at the bottom of the food chain do not have food, then they will die off. This means that the bigger fish that eat the small fish that have died
off will have no food, and so on. Therefore, there will be a mass starvation and the ecosystem will be destroyed. The native fish, such as trout and
walleye, would be starved off. This will kill the fishing industry in the Great Lakes. The CBC broadcast also mentioned, "[The invasion of the Asian
carp] would unravel the aquatic food web and threaten the region's $7 billion fishing industry, and on the Ontario side, a commercial fishery worth up
to $215 million a year." With that much loss at risk, it is worth the money it is going to take to stop and prevent the Asian carp from taking over the
Great Lakes. Not only are these fish a threat to the

Coast Guard Regulations
On a beautiful sunny afternoon in the middle of July, a young man decides to take the Badger Ferry to Wisconsin. He loads up a car and collects
his family on what should be a splendid trip. Upon arrival to the Badger the car drives into the stern parking compartment and from there the young
family heads up to the main deck. Soon enough the Badger gets underway and clears sight of land in just a few hours. Suddenly, thick black fog
covers the deck; the family disappears in the hazy twilight, each of them gasping for air. Fortunately the fog disappears as quickly as it appeared and
the sunshine again shimmers on the deck. In just moments the passengers realize the fog comes from the spewing smoke stack of the Badger. A
sudden wind shift forced... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One resolution to the fuel pollution issue uses the idea of reinvention to curb the damage that smoke and fuel causes to the environment. A U.S.
company, Sea Change LLC. paired with the Maine Maritime Academy to create a more friendly fuel ("1"). The engineering classes at the academy
along with chemists created a fuel that burned cleaner and safer for the environment. The fuel used mirco–glycerol droplets mixed with ultra–low
sulfur diesel to reduce harmful emissions and as a result found a reduction in smoke by 25 to 50 percent ("1"). In addition Nitrogen Oxide levels
showed a reduction by 5 to 15 percent compared to regular low–sulfur diesel at equivalent horsepower ("1"). This hard work truly paid off big for these
two entities and they showed that with some ingenuity safer ways of burning fuel just wait to be

Zebra Mussels Research Paper
The signs are plastered where everyone can see, "Clean, Drain, Dry your boat!" these words have become so well known, we are starting to forget
their importance. The invasion of Zebra mussels into America's waters has tremendously grown over the past several years and now, we are finally
able to turn the tide on these treacherous creatures. First of all, these shellfish get their name from the Zebra like stripes that cover its "D shape"
shell. It is approximately two inches or less in length and have "sticky byssal threads that they use to attach tightly to any hard surface" (3.). When it
comes times for them to reproduce, the female may produce up to 500,000 eggs in a single year. These eggs eventually develop into a small
microscopic larva that will ultimately begin to form their own shells. These Zebra Mussels first landed on the map in the late 1980's by hitching rides
in the ballast waters of cargo ships. First they started showing themselves in the great lakes and from there they spread. ... Show more content on
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Zebra Mussels, by the 19th century, managed to spread to almost all of the major drainage ways of Europe. In 1824, these treacherous organisms
emerged in Great Britain. Where, even to this day, they are well established. Nevertheless, when the mussels made their way by ship into the great
lakes, it was in a body of water connecting Lake Huron and Lake Erie, also known as Lake St. Clair. Lake St. Clair is Canadian waters and it is
presumed that is where these mussels first entered into the United states' waters. From the great lakes, they moved to the Hudson and Illinois rivers.
The mussels invasion of the Illinois river was a major landmark in their spread. Because from the Illinois, they managed to get into the Mississippi
river and then so on into the 10 states that border the

The Effects Of Mercury In The Great Lakes
The Effects of Mercury and its Appearance in the Great Lakes While liquid gold may be a modern allegory for something desirable, there is another
liquid metal that is quite the opposite of desirable. Mercury is an unusual metal in that in its standard elemental form it is a liquid. Due to the increase
in industry over the last 100 years, Mercury levels have risen, which cause serious damage to humans. There are three different chemical forms that
mercury exists in and each has a specific effect on human health, however for the purpose of this paper only two will be talked about. The first is
elemental mercury (Hg), which also called metallic mercury. In this form the primary health effect is when it is breathes as vapor where it can be
absorbed through the lungs. Symptoms of this kind include tremors, emotional changes, insomnia, neuromuscular changes, headaches, disturbances in
sensations, changes in nerve responses, and performance deficits on tests of cognitive functions. At higher doses there can be kidney effects,
respiratory failure, and even death. In this form it is emitted into the air from coal–fired power plants, waste incinerators, smelting plants, which is by
far the leading man–made source of mercury in the Great Lakes. It is released into the air and transported by air currents and will eventually fall and be
deposited in soil or water. This is particularly important to the people living in Michigan because in Detroit the mercury found in rain has been

Zebra Mussels : An Invasive Species
Zebra Mussels
Have you ever seen a small, fingernail–sized animal that attach to solid surfaces in water? Adult dreissena polymorphazebra, also known as zebra
mussels, can grow to 1/4 to 1–1/2 inches long and have D–shaped shells, they often have alternating yellow and brownish colored stripes. (Department
of Natural Recources) These mussels arrived in the United States through ballast water in ships and have slowly spread throughout the freshwater lakes,
since then they have known to become an invasive species, and raise questions about how and whether we should stop them or not.
Ballast water is used in ships to increase stability and balance. When a large cargo ship is unbalanced they simply pump what ever water the ship is
floating in into the holding tanks below the deck. The problem with ballast water is that there are no pumps and or filters to regulate what the water
has in it, thus spreading potential invasive species to other areas. These mussels are native to Eastern Europe and Western Russia and were discovered
in the Great Lakes in 1988.
Zebra mussels may cause many effects on nature as well as to our wallets. Early research shows that zebra mussels can rapidly accumulate organic
pollutants within their tissues to levels more than three hundred thousand times greater than concentrations in the environment. They also deposit these
pollutants in their "pseudo–feces". Pseudo–feces or
Groff !1
пїјpseudo–faeces are a specialized method of expulsion that filter–feeding

The Great Lakes, Lake Lakes And Lake Ontario
The Great Lakes, including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, are the largest freshwater lakes in the world,
accounts for about 18% of the world 's fresh water resources. They are rich in water and other resources and the area of the Great Lakes extend more
than 1200 km. The storage capacity of Great Lakes is about 23000 km3 and the surface area is around 244000 km2. Nowadays 1/10 of the Americans
and a quarter of Canadians live in the lakes. Some of the world 's largest industrial center is built on here. Almost 25% of total agricultural production
in Canada and 7% in the United States will yield in this area. Although the area of the lake is large, it could be affected by a wide range of pollutions
vulnerably. Lakes pollution sources include soil runoff, agricultural chemicals, municipal waste, industrial emissions and waste disposal exudate. It is
vulnerable to be affected by the pollutants company with rain, snow and dust in the atmosphere because of the broad surfaces of the lakes. The
outflows from the Great Lakes are less than the total storage capacity so that the pollutants directly discharged into the lake from the coast or tributaries
of the lake would be retained in the lake in the system. Consequently, the concentration of pollutants will be increasingly higher as time goes on.
Furthermore they will stay in the system and continue to cycle through the food chain in the ecosystem because of the re–suspended sediments. Other
than

The Invasion Of Starry Stonewort In The Great Lake
Aquatic macroalgae are homes to a diverse assemblage of epifauna. These assemblages vary across different macrolage and substrate. Non–native
foundation macroalgae species that invade habitats already occupied by native foundation species can alter the composition and assemblage of native
epifauna. With the recent explosion of Starry Stonewort in the Great Lakes, it's important to understand how this invasion can effect native organisms
that depend on the native foundation species. In this field observation, we will look into the possibility of a cascading effect that the invasion of
Starry stonewort may have in Lake Erie. With observations of areas of varying levels on invasion, abundances of fish can be compared and analyzed to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can dominate certain areas and create a homogenization of florals by suppressing native plants (Kuhn and Klotz 2006).
Nitellopsis obtusa, or Starry stonewort, is a species of macroalgae that can grow up to 2 meters in height and in depths of up to 10 meters (Pullman
& Crawford 2010). They form in dense algae beds that stretch across the landscape (Simons and Nat 1996). Though it is beneficial and endangered in
its native location of Europe and Asia, it has thrived and become a nuisance since its arrival in North America (Pullman & Crawford 2010).
Starry Stonewort is thought to have first arrived in North America during 1978 where it made its way from the St. Lawrence River in New York
(Schloesser et al. 1985). It is likely to have arrived from ballast water on ships that enter the Great Lakes; Starry stonewort spreads when plant
fragments break off and are dispersed by boats and trailers (Escobar et al. 2016). Due to their distinctive bulbils not appearing until late in the season, it
can go unidentified for lengthy periods of time (Pullman & Crawford). Otherwise, it resembles many other plants. Scientists have difficulty controlling
this species of macroalgae; Starry Stonewort lacks a vascular system which makes it difficult to kill with an herbicide because the chemicals cannot be
carried throughout

Cj Industry
CJ Industries has an opportunity to provide Great Lakes Pleasure Boats with key engine components for their luxury line of pleasure boats. They earned
this through the development of a strong buyer–supplier relationship with Great Lakes and this 5–year, $10 million annual contract offers them the
chance to have an extended relationship if they can satisfy Great Lakes' needs.
The opportunity is critical for the successful future of CJI and the main goal of the company should be to completely satisfy the requirements of the
contract with Great Lakes, and secure their future business with Great Lakes. While they do most manufacturing in–house, they have been sourcing
their bilge pumps out to Heavey Pumps on an informal basis. While Heavey ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of each of these alternatives.
Should they continue using Heavey?:
The major reasons to stay with Heavey would be that they have developed a relationship by working together with CJI for a long time. CJI always
counted on Heavey to deliver their high quality pumps on time and the relationship was so convenient that in fact CJI didn't even consider the pumps
being an issue when they signed their contract with Great Lakes. Unfortunately, since Heavey is a small local company, CJI originally ignored that
Heavey would have to expand their production capabilities. It seems like a lot to ask and expect from Heavey, and since there is no formal contract
between them, it seems the most likely scenario is that CJI will either discontinue doing business with Heavey, or form some kind of partnership with
them. They cannot however, solely rely on Heavey for pumps as they currently are, because it would almost guarantee them to fail their obligations to
Great Lakes.
Also, CJI likely does not receive much of a benefit (regarding cost savings) from Heavey utilizing economies of scale because they are very small
company that produces products in batches. Additionally, while CJI has been able to rely on Heavey's expertise and product quality with regards to
producing pumps, contracting their pump manufacturing has been a short–term strategy so far and with their increased production it will begin to cost

Chemicals and Pesticides Found in the Great Lakes Essay
The chemicals found in water can be dangerous toward our health. We live near the Great Lakes which supplies 20% of the World's fresh water. It also
has chemicals that threaten the life evolving around the fresh water. There are medical drugs that are being introduced to the fresh water lakes. Stuff
like antibiotics and steroids. These pharmaceuticals are posing danger for the environment. This could affect the lake life,s growth. Pesticides are also
found in the Great Lakes. These pesticides are made up of dangerous chemicals like toxaphene and chlordane. The rain transports the pesticides from
crops to bodies of water like the Great Lakes. They are then absorbed by phytoplankton and it moves up the food chain from there. Pesticides ... Show
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Cadmium is dangerous because it can cause kidney failure. It travels in the blood toward the liver where it shares bonds with proteins. It then travels
to the kidneys where it can gather. The most polluted lake is in Russia. It is called Lake Karachay. It can kill within an hour of being near its vicinity.
It was the place where russia dumped all of its radioactivity. The lake now posses caesium–137 and strontium–90. powder is produce from caesium
because it can easily bond with chlorides. Strontium–90 also produces a large amount of radiation with a half life of just under 30 years. Many
residents were uninformed of the radioactivity and drank the lake water. Leukemia risen over 40% and cancer risen over 20%. This was around the
surrounding vicinity. It also cause a rise in birth defects.
The Yangtze river flows through Asia. It is the third largest river in the world. It sustains a population of 400 million people. Its fish has been reported
to contain alkylphenols and perfluorinated compounds. These are artificial compounds that are no good for the environment. Alkylphenols can disrupt
sexual growth. Perfluorinated compounds can lower sperm percentages in humans. These two compounds can be disguised as hormones which can be
bad for the reproduction process in animal life. These compounds can be spread throughout the animal kingdom by the means of the food chain. These
compounds can be found in animals and people

The Great Lakes And Environment Essay
This policy memo is addressed to Congressman David Joyce who represents the 14th District of Ohio. Congressman Joyce is a Republican who could
be considered a moderate conservative on an ideological scale, meaning that he is about halfway between moderate and far–leaning right (Rep. David
Joyce, 2016). Issues that Joyce works toward are the economy and jobs, which is his number one priority, and is also against regulations and taxes.
Joyce is heavily involved in energy with a focus on supporting the coal, wind, and natural gas industries, in addition he is against policies that may
burden small businesses. The Great Lakes and environment are a priority for Joyce as he wants to protect the Great Lakes, but mainly for economic
purposes. Joyce has sponsored three bills that work to protect and/or restore the Great Lakes. He has not been vocal in regards to whether or not he
believes in climate change, although his stance toward coal and natural gas would suggest that he may not, although this may be solely to protect
Ohioan jobs. Additional issues that he works toward are defense & national security, health care, the national debt, tax reform, veterans, and seniors
(Issues & Legislation, 2016). David Joyce is currently serving his second term in the U.S. House of Representatives and is up for re–election in 2016.
During the 2016 primaries, Joyce received 64.5 percent of the vote against Matt Lynch (Elections & Voting In Ohio, 2016). During the 2014 general
election, he won

The Great Lakes And The Forests
The Great Lakes and the forests in Canada are both in severe states. Deforestation and pollution have caused short and long term effects that not only
impact human health, but ecosystems as well. In order to mitigate these issues there needs to be action plans and individuals dedicated, and willing to
help.
The great lakes are 5 interconnected lakes throughout Canada and the USA, which flood out to the Atlantic Ocean. "Over the last 30 years there has
been a decrease in point–source depollution, due to the government's recognition of the need to regulate emissions into the Great Lakes." (Jason
Boshern., 2010.) Regardless of the increasing lake conditions, there is much that still has to be done to ensure no detrimental long term or short term
effect on ecosystems or human health. (Jason Boshern., 2010.)
The quality of water in the Great Lakes not only effects the different species living in the lakes, but human health, all over Canada as well. "The five
lakes occupy an area greater than half a billion square kilometers, have a shoreline of 17,000 kilometers, and are surrounded by a population of over
33 million." (Sproule–Jones, Mark., 2002.) With the lakes being so massive there are plenty of different species living in them and people surrounding
the lakes, living off the water. These factors make poor water quality an even bigger issue. Pollution can be seen in many forms; such as fecal
contamination, toxic contamination from metals, nitrates and pesticides,

Sea Lamprey Essay
Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are an invasive species of lamprey that, while native to marine environments, have moved into the freshwater
great lakes. Sea lampreys first entered the great lakes through canals, which were revolutionary means of transportation at the times. There were
multiple canals, connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the great lakes. The lampreys were previously impeded by Niagara falls. Now with the canals
connecting both bodies of water, there was no longer an obstacle. Sea lamprey first moved into Lake Ontario sometime in the 1830's. It would
almost be 90 years later until they start to appear in the Great Lakes. In 1921 sea lampreys are present in Lake Erie. By 1940 sea lampreys had moved
into every Great Lake, their populations were exploding, and they were decimating native fish populations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While an adult may only live between one and two years, it can kill over 40 pounds of fish. Additionally, there are certain locations where the
parasites are so malevolent that only around 15% of the host fish will survive after the lamprey has had its fill. Never before had parasitism occurred
on such a level in the great lakes. It was as though the native species of fish had come in contact with the plague. Ultimately, the sea lamprey feed on
any large species of fish within their path. In the case of the great lakes this includes: Catfish, Lake Trout, Steelhead (Rainbow Trout), Walleye, Burbot,
Whitefish, and Chubs. The sea lamprey destroyed the native fish populations, especially the trout. Previously, trout were harvested greatly by both the
United States and Canada from the Great Lakes. Annual catches would often be several million pounds. However, after the lampreys occurrence
catches dropped to comparatively

Asian Carps In The Great Lakes
There were Asian Carp found in a water mass in one of the Great Lakes. Imported from Asia, the sliver carp, will out compete native species in the
Great Lakes for food. This would ruin the ecosystem in the Great Lakes because the carps will out compete the species that are native to this lake for
food causing the native species to die off. In the Great Lakes commercial and sport fishing is an industry that is worth billions yearly. The silvercarp
that was found in the great lake could have gotten there many different ways. On is that is swam through the electric barrier that prevents carps from
entering the water way. Another is that it could have been on about and carried past the barrier. Lastly, it could have been placed in the lake by

Lake Winnipeg: Second Largest Watershed In Canada
Description of Ecosystem Lake Winnipeg is the 2nd largest watershed in Canada and the 10th largest lake in the world. It includes parts of four
provinces and four of the American states, lying on the boundary between the low relief Interior Plains and the Southwestern Canadian Shield. The
drainage basin is 1,000,000 km2. More than 7 million people call Lake Winnipeg home. It has the last remains of the glacial Lake Agassiz. Red,
Winnipeg, and Saskatchewan rivers all flow into Lake Winnipeg which makes up 60% of the water flowing into the lake. The only river flowing out
of the lake is the Nelson River; the outflow is used for hydro–electricity power since 1976 making Lake Winnipeg the third largest hydro reservoir in
the world. Water moves... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
12.1 million into scientific research, 3.7 million in community stewardship programs, and 1.9 million in collaboration on watershed governance.
Researchers took a strong science based method to investigating the lake and looking at various aspects of it. The government also provided support for
community projects through the Lake Winnipeg basin stewardship fund. This fund is cleaning up the lake by providing support to water projects led
by surrounding communities, conservation authorities, non–profit organizations, and academic institutions. An agreement was created between the
government of Manitoba and the province of Manitoba that ensures long–term involvement to improve the quality of Lake Winnipeg. The province of
Manitoba has invested over 100 million dollars in efforts to improve the health of the

Ecological Problem Invasive Species
Ecological Challenges
Ecological Problem Invasive Species
One environmental issue that the great lakes watershed has been exposed to is invasive species. An invasive species is any organism that is foreign to
an ecosystem and causes harm (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). In ordered to be classified as foreign they do not have to be
from a different country but they just must be a non–native to an established ecosystem. Some of the species travel at their own will but they primarily
spread through human activities unintentionally. As we import and export goods, or travel, some uninvited species may ride along and travel to new
places. Organisms can be stowed away in ships or products like wood. Some ornamental plants may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While in many ways the two lakes share similar attributes, they can also be observed as their own entities. Each lake containing characteristics that
make them preferred for some species types. In addition, the region shares some environmental concerns. Those concerns pertaining to invasive species
as well as poor water quality. Both of which impact the physical characteristics, and natural life of the organisms that make up the many different
habitats the region

Great Lakes Water Piping
Great Lakes Water Piping
Unbiased Introduction For years, there has been debate over who has access to the water in the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes provide about 20
percent of the world's freshwater resources and many areas would like to use that water for various purposes. Water is also becoming a valuable
resource, with many areas lacking the access to it necessary for their area's needs. Because of this, lawmakers passed a compact in 2008 that was
designed to protect the Great Lakes against pressure from other States to withdraw water (Kalsness, 2011). A compact is an agreement between states
or nations that bind them to whatever they agreed upon. This compact makes sure that areas outside of the Great Lakes region do not have access to
the water. Despite this compact, some want to use the Great Lakes to pipe water to other states that do not have the same natural resources.
Proponents of this piping say that is gives water to areas that need it and that it will provide additional income to the area (Cauchon, 2006). Opponents
say that piping would go against water conservation and environmental protection as well as water management. They also say that it is a natural
resource that belongs to the area and should not be taken away to other areas of the country (Dempsey, 2008). Currently, the debate continues about the
correct use of the resource of the Great Lakes.
Supporting 'For" Arguments
Those who are in favor of piping the water out of the Great

Great Lakes Water Quality Essay
Water quality in the Great Lakes is something that has been a criticall issue in the Great Lakes Region for a number of years. Water quality can be
anything that affects the benefits humans derives from water. It can include drinking water, food, recreation, and any other use of water that is
possible. Many invasive species including zebra mussels and Asian carp pose a great threat to the water quality of the Great Lakes. The ecosystem and
industry relying on the Great Lakes are also affected by this invasion. I feel that the best way to stop invasive species from coming into the Great
Lakes is to prevent the problem from happening before it already has.
Zebra Mussels are small mussels originally found in Russia, but were introduced into the Great Lakes in 1988. Zebra Mussels have spread throughout
every Great Lake, and are prominent in over 100 inland lakes (Home). Ships traveling up the Erie Canal transported the zebra mussel from European
waters into the Great Lakes. The zebra mussel quickly spread from Lake Erie to the other Great Lakes. The invading species began to attach itself to
almost every solid thing in the Great Lakes. These can stick to boats, damage structures such as docks and piers, and they can clog water intake pipes,
which are used for drinking and industrial use. Invasive species like the zebra ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, in my opinion, the best approaches for dealing with the invasive species is to create effective mechanisms to prevent their introduction in
the first place before it happens, create monitoring systems for detecting new infestations and we need to move rapidly to eradicate newly detected
invaders. Once invasive species become established and spread, it can be extraordinarily difficult and costly to control or get rid of them all

Invasive Species Invade The Great Lakes
The Great lakes have had many struggles throughout the years. Such as, invasive species, pollution, and habitat loss. All of these affected the lake in a
bad way and here is how.
Species have been invading the Great Lakes for a very long time. "Scientists estimate that there are more than 185 invasive species in the Great Lakes
today." One of the species that invade the Great Lakes is the Round Goby. This animal usually feeds on fish eggs, Yellow Perch, Bass, and Walleye.
The Round Goby is an invasive species because it kills other species, or it can make them extinct. Another example of invasive specie is Quagga
Mussel. The Quagga Mussel usually sits in lakes or oceans, building up over a long period of time, this leads to millions, and millions

The Major Problems with Pollutants on the Great Lakes
Project Proposal
Title
The Title of this essay is called "What is the Major Problems with Pollutants on the Great Lakes". The essay explains that there is a problem going on
in the Great Lakes with people who live around the Great Lakes area in that what they are throwing into the lakes; whether it would be from trash or
fecal matter it is all causing major effects on the ecosystem on the Great Lakes, in turn effecting the fish and water we consume. This is not only a
major problem for the lakes but also the humans that depend on those lakes.
Claim The Great Lakes have been under threat for the last two centuries, but the situation is the far worse today. It use to be believed that dumping
sewage or chemicals into rivers and lakes was a great way to dilute and disperse it. As it turns out, it's not a good idea since those are the very rivers
and lakes that we get our drinking water from. In recent decades, a lot has been done to stop that practice, but the sources and amount of pollution
keeps skyrocketing each year. This pollution in the lakes must be stop at once or else bad consequences will be appond us because of it
Research review
In the five website article that I have conducted They all have seemed to have a correlation between each other. The way that all of these publishers do
this is that they all say that we humans are the ones that are causing all of the pollutants in the waters. Even though some of the pages may not come
out and directly

Great Impact Of The Great Lakes
The Great Impact of the Great Lakes
Glaciers are formed in places where there is adequate snowfall and cold temperatures; specifically, the area needs to have temperatures that are less
than 32* F and more snow than is able to melt in the summer. Present–day, glaciers only form in high latitudes and high elevations. However, 14,000
years ago, during the Pleistocene Ice Age, Michigan was covered by a mile–and–half–mile deep glacier. Over thousands of years, the temperatures
alternated from warm to cool, causing the glaciers to retreat and advance. As glaciers traveled this way, they took the path of least resistance. This
caused the glaciers to move south from modern–day Canada, along the riverbeds that existed where the Great Lakes now ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to the Great Lakes, the glacier also created kettle lakes in Michigan. These are lakes that are formed by broken–off pieces of glaciers as
they move. These pieces create indents in the land, known as kettles (Glaciers: The Work of Ice). If these kettles are below the water level, a kettle
lake will form. Kettle lakes can usually be identified by their irregular, wavy edges and depths (Schaetzl). One example of a kettle lake is Higgins
Lake, a lake in Roscommon County, commonly used for fishing and recreation, pictured here (MSU Hydrogeology). Because much of Michigan's
bedrock is sandstone, glacial erosion led to a large prevalence of sand in Michigan, creating beaches, dunes, and wetlands. This abundance of sand has
also impacted the shores. The glacial deposits of sand throughout the state are transported by the westerly winds, moving from west to east, creating
dunes on the coast of Lake Michigan, but not Lake Huron. Dunes also exist somewhat inland on the west coast of Michigan, while Lake Huron's sand is
blown into the lake, creating a sandy bottom (Ettema, 2010). One of the largest dunes on Michigan's east coast is the Sleeping bear Dunes, pictured
here (Sleeping Bear Dunes). In addition to the astounding features created by the glaciers, their movement and disappearance also created an
interesting interaction between the lithosphere, asthenosphere, cryosphere, and hydrosphere. Isostasy is the interaction between the stiff lithosphere
and the

Notes On The Great Lakes
3)The Great Lakes
To the west, Algonquian speaking people, including Ottawas, Ojibwas, and Potawatomis, or as all together called Anishinaabe, dominated the Great
Lakes Ої Clan identities, such as beaver, otter, sturgeon, deer, and others, were what allowed them to distinguish between the tribes Ої As a result of
such diverse cultures and groups, Europeans remarked the landscape as "bewildering" and "an infinity of undiscovered nations"
Extensive network of lakes, rivers, and birchbark canoes made them Great Lakes people mobile– traveled long distance to meet, hunt, trade, etc....
4)The Great Plains and Rockies
Great Plains, located farther west, is vast and arid
Most people were in small, dispersed groups who hunted and gathered foods
In the plains, geopolitics was greatly influenced by horses, European import, even before the Europeans arrived Ої In the late sixteenth century,
livestock was introduced in the Spanish colony of New Mexico; from there, horses gradually spread all over the plains, allowing the former hunters to
become more successful in hunting Ої Indians on horseback– more formidable opponents than those on foot
(i)Comanches, a small Shoshonean band on the northern plain, migrated south in seek of horses became one of the most formidable people
(ii)Horses allowed Sioux, a confederation of seven people who originated from present day Minnesota, to move west and take over a wide territory
from the Mississippi River to the Black Hills. Ої Farming

The Ways Of Non Point Source Pollution During The Great Lakes
The way of Non–point source pollution in the Great Lakes
Atmospheric precipitation
Many contaminants settle out of the atmosphere, such as acid rain, the pollutants and nutrients will transport from distant places by air depositing into
the lake as the form of rain. The first pollutants as atmospheric deposition on the Great Lakes were phosphorus. It is found that about 20 percent
phosphorus entering Lake Michigan comes from the atmosphere by determination of rain, snow and dust. Since phosphorus pollution generated by this
approach cannot be controlled, so it is more urgent to reduce the phosphorus content of detergent, sewer and effluent fertilizers. People found fish in a
lake of Lake Superior in a remote island containing PCBs and toxaphene, and this place isolated with no direct way to pollution. This determines the
long–range transport of pollutants through the atmosphere and settlement in the lake. In fact the processes of material transport through atmospheric
was very complex. For instance PCBs was insoluble in water, so as to re–enter the atmosphere during evaporation or connected together into small
particles. A lot of PCBs volatilize from the lake, meanwhile, PCBs coming from various parts of the air mass experience the sedimentation on the lake.
Other than that the contaminated sediment is another way to cause pollution of the lake. This is problems of the most urban industrial areas. Even if
there is likely to remove severely contaminated sediments in

Summary: The Great Lakes Watershed
Section One
The Great Lakes Watershed at a Glance: Lake Michigan and Lake Huron The Great Lakes of the United States of America is known worldwide for its
vast collection of fresh water. Nestled in with the Midwestern area of the country, one will find the Great Lakes Watershed. While commonly known as
the five Great Lakes of (Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Superior, and Lake Ontario), together the lakes can be referred to as the
Laurentian Great Lakes. While in many ways the lakes are observed as a singular entity, they each are also contain individualistic components, giving
them defining qualities. Within all the lakes however, keeping in mind these defining qualities, are diverse ecosystem/ecosystems filled with diverse
habitats, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several native fish to Lake Michigan include; Lake Trout, Sea Lamprey, Deepwater Sculpin, Yellow Perch and Burbot (Tsehaye et al., 2014).
However, these fish live in very different areas of the water and prefer different water temperature. Per the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources, Menominee, White Sucker, and Longnose Sucker fish are all bottom feeders. They prey on aquatic insects, fish eggs, small clams and
crayfish. White Suckers prefer warm, shallow waters, but Longnose Suckers prefer cold, deeper waters. There are various fish that cannot be found
deeper than 20–30 feet such as Largemouth Bass and Yellow Perch. Largemouth Bass are significantly larger in size and will often grow longer
than 20 inches, while Yellow Perch are much smaller. On average, Yellow Perch grow to be between 4 and 10 inches long. The Largemouth Bass
will prey on aquatic insects, but also eat minnows and other small fish. Within the Great Lakes, there are some species of fish that live in rocky
areas. Brook Trout and Rock Bass are two fish that can be found in shallow, rocky water. Both Brook Trout and Rock Bass mostly feed on aquatic
insects and can sometimes be found under logs and undercut

Case 1: Cj Industries and Heavey Pumps
CJ Industries and Heavey Pumps
Section 2
Case 1
Chris Stowe
Student number: 14210009
2014.11.19
Word Count: 1719 CJ Industries has an opportunity to provide Great Lakes Pleasure Boats with key engine components for their luxury line of pleasure
boats. They earned this through the development of a strong buyer–supplier relationship with Great Lakes and this 5–year, $10 million annual contract
offers them the chance to have an extended relationship if they can satisfy Great Lakes' needs. The opportunity is critical for the successful future of
CJI and the main goal of the company should be to completely satisfy the requirements of the contract with Great Lakes, and secure their future
business with Great Lakes. While they do ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CJI needs to analyze its value chain and decide if building the pumps in–house justify the capitalization costs, impacts on their relationship with Heavy,
and whether it will dilute their business proficiency.
From Heavey's perspective: They are a small, local company that assumingly delivers quality products on time and at the convenience of their buyer's
needs. While their relationship with CJI appears to have been professional and successful, they will not be able to continue to supply CJI with all of
their bilge pumps once the demand reaches 50 pumps monthly. This situation forces them to consider their options which are: to expand their
production capabilities or maintain their current production levels and risk losing their business with CJI. Since they are a small company, they need to
heavily consider whether expanding their production will benefit them in the long term. Certainly it would help them continue working with CJI, but it
will be risky to invest that much in capitalization when it is entirely possible that CJI could choose to manufacture the pumps in–house anyways. The
major uncertainty centers from the lack of a formalized contract with CJI. Also, they need

Water : The Great Lakes Essay
Water Quality– The Great Lakes
71 percent of the earth's surface is made of water. 97 percent of earths water is saline water and not safe for human consumption. This leaves just 3
percent of earth's water as fresh water, most of which is ice caps and glaciers. 68 percent of the fresh water on Earth is found in icecaps and glaciers.
30 percent of fresh water is found in ground water leaving around .3 percent of earth's water as surface fresh water. Of the .3 percent of surface fresh
water the Great Lakes make up 84% of North America 's surface fresh water and about 21% of the world 's supply of surface fresh water. ("Great
Lakes Facts and Figures." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.)
Pollution, invasive species, global warming; these are all aspects that affect 21% of the freshwater system in the world. The five Great Lakes and
their surrounding land; Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Erie provide fresh drinking water for millions of people
across the United States and Canada. The Great Lakes basin, provides fishing, hunting, and other recreational activities to the more than 33 million
people living around the basin of the Great Lakes.
As the Great lakes play such an important role in providing safe drinking water to North America water quality and treatment are both important topics
for the Great Lakes and the people that depend on them. We have spent billions of dollars to provide safe drinking water to citizens

The Pros And Cons Of Water Pollution
In accordance with the ethics of Bentham in the line of utilitarianism, my moral argument against water pollution is thus:
1 Right actions are those that result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences.
2 The Great Lakes water pollution's bad consequences outweighs its good consequences.
3 Therefore, pollution is not a right action.
Water pollution is defined as "a change in the chemical, physical and biological health of a waterway due to human activity" (1). Over the past 50
years, pollution in the Great Lakes has been a rising concern. Pollution in the Great Lakes includes the disposal of sewage, heavy metals, invasive
species, and pesticides that come from factory dumping, runoff of agriculture, nautical transportation, and air pollution. According to an article
published by the US Department of Commerce, roughly 40 million people depend on the Great Lakes for drinking water, sport, power (electricity), and
transportation (McCartney). The negative consequences of water pollution include, but are not limited to, the killing off of vital organisms, an increase
in birth defects, infertility, malfunctioning nervous systems, and learning disabilities (McCartney).
The pros of water pollution in the Great Lakes can be boiled down to the single idea that we can continue living on the way we currently are. We get
foods that are preserved well and in abundance because of pesticides used in agriculture, even though they don't have to take into consideration

Zebra Mussel Research Paper
Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) a small filter feeding species. A single animal can filter one liter of water per day. A grown adult can
range from one inch to two inches in size. One mussel has the ability to produce 100,000 eggs. Today, it is believed the great lakes are host to 10
trillion Zebra mussels. Zebra mussels feed mainly on plankton a very small aquatic creature that is native to the lakes' and a primary food source of
native fish. With the plankton population decreasing the water clarity has increased, the extra light reaching deeper into the lakes water allows for
algae growth. Many of the algae blooms occurring in the lakes and rivers are very toxic to the native wildlife and even humans. Records have
indicated that in 1985 vessels bound for the great lakes from freshwater locations in European, used fresh water to fill the ballast tanks. Once across the
Ocean the vessels dumped the foreign water. Little thought was given regarding what was contained within the vessels ballast tanks.
The Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) have found refuge in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through this method humans would help change the conditions favorable to the zebra mussel for spawning to occur, this in turn would eliminate a
spawn and the mussel's population would not increase. The idea of using serotonin on zebra mussels has begun to look as a useful method. In this
method the serotonin would be applied externally triggering a spawning cycle. Those applying the serotonin would be doing so during unfavorable
conditions for the young to survive. One downside to this method is it does have an effect on other animals as well as humans, if a species–specific
variation is found it will be prove to be very beneficial, in the meantime more research is being conducted to find similar amino acids which can
provide a safe and desired results.

The Great Lakes Of Water Essay
The Great Lakes
71 percent of the earth's surface is made of water. 97 percent of earths water is saline water and not safe for human consumption. This leaves just 3
percent of earth's water as fresh water most of which is icecaps and glaciers. 68 percent of the fresh water on Earth is found in icecaps and glaciers.
30 percent of fresh water is found in ground water leaving around .3 percent of earth's water as surface fresh water. Of the .3 percent of surface fresh
water the great lakes make up 84% of North America 's surface fresh water and about 21% of the world 's supply of surface fresh water. ("Great Lakes
Facts and Figures." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.)
Pollution, invasive species, global warming; these are all aspects that affect 21% of the freshwater system in the world. The five Great Lakes and
their surrounding land; Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Erie provide fresh drinking water for millions of people
across the United States and Canada. The Great Lakes basin, provides fishing, hunting, and other recreational activities to the more than 33 million
people living around basin of the Great lakes.
As the Great lakes play such an important role in providing safe drinking water to North America water quality and treatment are both important topics
for the Great Lakes and the people that depend on them. We have spent billions of dollars to provide safe drinking water to citizen of North America and

Great Lakes Research Paper
Preserving the Great Lakes With more than twenty percent of the world's surface freshwater, the Great Lakes are extremely vital for many reasons
("The Great Lakes – Sustain Our Great Lakes"). The Great Lakes are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes. They are located in Northeastern
North America, between the border of the United States and Canada ("All About the Great Lakes"). The Great Lakes are very important for natural
resources, habitats, and for scientific reasons. They have a large variety of plant and animal life. Unfortunately, humans have a negative impact on this
environment. The Great Lakes, and how they are formed, are exceptionally important to Earth. These lakes hold more than 6,000,000,000,000,000
gallons of freshwater, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This includes algae and phytoplankton. There are also large rooted plants providing food and shelter for fish and wildlife in the lakes (Great
Lakes: Lake System, North America"). Diatoms, microscopic algae with grasslike shells of silica, are very important to the lakes. They are the
starting point of photosynthesis, which is an important part of the food web. Diatoms also help organisms by providing food throughout the harsh
winter months ("Great Lakes Water Life Photo Gallery Algae Division Chrysophyta Diatoms"). Humans have a negative impact on the Great Lakes
despite the amount of solutions that can preserve it. The lakes have a very high level of pollution. People have dumped raw sewage into these lakes,
and there is a lot of industrial waste from factories by the lakes. Global Warming has a huge impact on the lakes. It is increasing their air and water
temperature. The warming is causing the water from the lakes to evaporate into the air, which is lowering lake levels and worsening water quality.
Invasive species, that humans bring in, have an impact on the food chain and the native animals that live in the lakes. New invasive species are spotted
about every twenty–eight weeks. The invaders are brought in by ocean–going ships and transportation. Nearby sulfide mining industries also have a
very negative impact. The sulfide is poisoning the water. The sulfide is causing animal's habitats to be destroyed and it is polluting the waters of the
lakes ("Great

Asian Carp in the Great Lakes
There are unwanted visitors threatening to make their home in the Great Lakes. Originally coming from Asia, the fish immigrated to the Mississippi
River eventually making their way to the Great Lakes. Let's take a look at the problem, the causes and effects, and the possible solutions of the Asian
Carp Invasion.
Bighead, Silver, Grass, and Black Carp, even though each its own distinct species, all fall under the name "Asian Carp." They can weigh anywhere
from 60 to 110 pounds, and range from 40 to 60 inches in length. Asian Carp are considered an "invasive species," an organism that is not native and
has negative effects on our economy, environment, or our health. Catfish farmers imported Asian Carp long ago to consume algae in ponds. The carp
slowly escaped and migrated to the Mississippi River, then eventually to the Great Lakes. Why are Asian Carp such an issue? Although they are
mostly not direct predators, they eat up to one third of their body weight. Asian Carp to not eat other fish, but they eat plankton leaving native fish
lower on the food chain competing for food to survive. Asian carp also reproduce rapidly and abundantly. A female Bighead Carp can carry up to one
million eggs in a lifetime. In result of such profuse reproduction, Asian Carp are overpopulating the Great Lakes. Since, they are so outsized, they take
up much space in the lakes. Asian Carp are also among the largest populated species. If Asian Carp continue to establish themselves permanently in

Hydraulic Fracturing In Michigan, The Great Lake State
Michigan, the Great Lake state. Michigan is quite unique among the states for it touches four of the five great lakes, hence the nickname the great
lakes state. Michigan has over 12,000 lakes, and more shoreline than any other state besides Alaska. "you're never more than six miles from a lake"(),
making it easy to see why Michigan has a thriving recreational industry. Blue water, sandy shores and towering sand dunes make this state truly
special. Hydraulic Fracturing, or "Fracking" threatens to take away what makes this state so special. Fracking provides short–term benefits and is a
much cleaner alternative to coal, but has negative long–term impacts. The First is that fracking uses huge amounts of water. Every time a well is
fracked, millions of gallons of water are removed from the Great Lakes hydrological cycle forever. Secondly is the worry that potentially dangerous
chemicals used may escape and pollute the air and contaminate groundwater causing a number of environmental and health hazards. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pipelines are drilled down far into the earth and then span out horizontally. Huge quantities of water combined with sand and chemicals created
"fracking fluid", which is pumped down the pipelines. Fracking enables us to reach natural gas that was not usable before. Natural gas is a better
alternative to coal, which does not burn as cleanly. However, harmful substances are contained in the fracking fluid that is pumped into the pipes to
crack the shale and release natural gas. Sadly natural gas is not the only thing flowing back up the

The Influence Of The Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are surrounded by the northern United states, and southern Canada. Both countries own the Great Lakes except for Michigan which is
only owned by United States. The Great Lakes include Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario. The Great Lakes are connected together by rivers.
The Great Lakes are also connected to the Atlantic Ocean with the St. Lawrence River.
During the 1970s the Great Lakes were polluted by many things. For example, oils, factory's waste, mercury, and fertilizer. The water was filled with
so much pollution that it didn't even look like water. The water was filled with so much mercury and other toxic chemicals that it would dangers for
the fish to live, and for the birds to eat the fish. The Cuyahoga River

The Effects Of Phosphorus On The Great Lake
History of the Phosphorus Issue in the Great Lake
Back to the history, the eutrophication problem was first time concerned by public on Great lakes at the 1960s, the Lake Erie was covered by algae
as a result of over dumped phosphorus from the sewage and other waste water, at that time, the Lake Erie was known as the "Dead Sea of North
America"(Fitzpatrick, J. J., and Di Toro 1999). The reason cause this problem can be concluded in 2 points, 1. the stresses of overfishing, 2.
development of phosphorus–based detergents. At the end of 1960, the Canada and the United States have realized the penetrance of this problem and
finally sit on the table to sign an agreement that limiting phosphorus dumps to the Lake Erie, and plan to control existing unstoppable algal growth.
Because of the awareness of Canada and US government, the concentration of phosphorus got a significant success. And this problem happened again
during the 1990s, but this time the reason why this happen is more complexly.
The management of the runoff nutrients and phosphorus in North America
Source control
Although scientists have explain eutrophication can be first recognized at thousand years ago, but eutrophication has become serious and well known as
a significant problem was actually at the 1940s, along with growth of the population, and extend of the farm field. The first fact trigger to
eutrophication can be concluded as urbanization. At that time, most of the treated or untreated sewage was directly

Mussels In The Great Lakes Analysis

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