Effects on the growth of puppies of a nutraceutical diet based on fish and characterized by an Omega3:Omega6 ratio of 1:1 and integrated with natural principles.
Sec 3 F&N: Proteins (Part 1: Nutrients and Health)snteo24
This set of lecture slides is a customised teaching and learning resource for students of Woodlands Ring Secondary School (Singapore) to enhance their current reading materials.
I am sharing this resource online so that Nutrition and Food Science (NFS) teachers in Singapore and other teaching professionals may adapt this for their own use. :)
the liver is the central laboratory of a chicken’s body. It is
essential that this organ is kept in an excellent condition in
order to maintain a healthy bird. Understanding the metabolic
function and causes of disruptions in liver functions helps us
to provide the birds with the right feed and health treatment.
Sec 3 F&N: Proteins (Part 1: Nutrients and Health)snteo24
This set of lecture slides is a customised teaching and learning resource for students of Woodlands Ring Secondary School (Singapore) to enhance their current reading materials.
I am sharing this resource online so that Nutrition and Food Science (NFS) teachers in Singapore and other teaching professionals may adapt this for their own use. :)
the liver is the central laboratory of a chicken’s body. It is
essential that this organ is kept in an excellent condition in
order to maintain a healthy bird. Understanding the metabolic
function and causes of disruptions in liver functions helps us
to provide the birds with the right feed and health treatment.
Phytosterols, which encompass plant sterols and stanols, are steroid compounds similar to cholesterol which occur in plants. It has a cholesterol lowering action.
Role of Essential Fatty Acids by Sayali ParabSayali Parab
Role of Essential Fatty Acids. “Essential Fatty Acid" refers to fatty acids required for biological processes but does not include the fats that only act as fuel.
This PowerPoint presentation shares vital information on leptin and exactly what comprises the foundation for the Venus Factor system. Leptin is a powerful enzyme for weight loss and because of this, proper leptin resistance management has provided great success to women wanting to burn fat.
Phytosterols, which encompass plant sterols and stanols, are steroid compounds similar to cholesterol which occur in plants. It has a cholesterol lowering action.
Role of Essential Fatty Acids by Sayali ParabSayali Parab
Role of Essential Fatty Acids. “Essential Fatty Acid" refers to fatty acids required for biological processes but does not include the fats that only act as fuel.
This PowerPoint presentation shares vital information on leptin and exactly what comprises the foundation for the Venus Factor system. Leptin is a powerful enzyme for weight loss and because of this, proper leptin resistance management has provided great success to women wanting to burn fat.
STEREOLOGICAL EVIDENCES OF EPITHELIAL HYPOPLASIA OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES INDU...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
BACKGROUND: Anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds are one of the most widely abused drugs by athletes and muscle builders with the goal of improving performance/ability, appearance, or muscle mass. In addition, these steroids are widely used in the treatment of male infertility and subfertility. However, increasing concern has been shown that these compounds may not only offer unappreciable benefits to infertile and subfertile males, but might have deleterious effects on both human and animal physiology and sperm quality. There is a dearth of knowledge on the structural and quantitative changes of the testis secondary to this group of compounds. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of mesterolone (proviron), an anabolic-androgenic steroid, on some of the histomorphometric and stereological parameters of the seminiferous tubules in Sprague-Dawley rat. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 10 adult male rats were used. The treated group was given 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day of mesterolone by gavage for six weeks while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline per day. Five µm of uniformly random serial sections of the processed testicular tissues were analyzed using un-biased stereological and histomorphometric studies. Results: The results showed that the percentage mean volume density of both the tubular lumen and epithelial height increased by 35% (p< 0.05) and decreased by 50% (p<0.05), respectively compared to the control. mesterolone also caused a significant decline in sperm concentration. Conclusion: Mesterolone produces epithelial hypoplasia in the testis post continuous management.
Flaxseeds are the richest source of α-linolenic acid and lignans. It is also a considerable potential source of soluble fiber, antioxidants and high quality protein. The role of flaxseed lignans and ω-3 fatty acid in reducing the risks associated with cardiac and coronary disease, cancer (breast, colon, ovary and prostate) and other human health risk factors has been well known.
Research Progress Report Table Adjust answer box size as necessar.docxronak56
Research Progress Report Table *Adjust answer box size as necessary
Provide a summary of your research progress thus far, no more than 1 page single-spaced. Be sure to describe any of the following that are applicable to what you have done: material ordering/acquisition, preliminary trials or methodology validation conducted, experimental trials conducted, results obtained, data analyzed, and conclusions reached.
Briefly describe the next step(s) in your research project and the timeline for their completion.
What has been the most rewarding or exciting part of pursuing this research project thus far?
What has been the greatest challenge while conducting this research?
To find the best method to run the experiment successfully
Do you have any concerns about your progress thus far? Have you been able to stick to the timeline, or has it needed adjustment?
If you are experience delays or difficulties, what is/are the cause and what are some potential solutions?
Do you expect to be able to complete the project in a timely manner (end of semester or planned end of Bio 496 enrollment)? Why or why not?
I’m planning to complete my project next semester ( Spring 2017)
Briefly list the materials you are using for your research (e.g. ~50 petri dishes, LB agar, etc.), the cost of any materials you have purchased (e.g. stock cultures $89, Blood agar $25), and Total expenditure
Do you have any concerns or praises about the role your advisor is playing in this project, or your working relationship with him/her? Are there any things you wished your advisor could do more/less of or improve upon?
**NOTE: This will only be viewed by the course instructor and WILL NOT influence your grade (even if that is your advisor). This information helps ensure we are doing our jobs to the best of our ability, and is an opportunity for you to provide suggestions to your advisor.
*Note: leave this section break in place so the Instructor Comments and Grades page remains on the following page. Keep the Instructor Comments and Grades page attached...it should be at the very end of your progress report.
BUDGET
Ingredients List
8 Adult Zebrafish
$300
TetraMin Tropical Flakes Fish Food, 7.06-oz jar
$8.35
HBH Algae Grazers Pouch 3oz
$6.03
New Life Spectrum Premium
$4.99
Dainichi Veggie Deluxe
$8.37
Tetra Whisper Air Pump (Non-UL)
$6.99
Aquarium Thermometer, RISEPRO Digital Water Thermometer For Fish Tank Aquarium Marine Temperature
$8.50
Salifert Dissolved Oxygen Test Kit
$22.32
API Freshwater Aquarium Master Test Kit
$22.27
1
13
Protein Affect Metabolic Rate of Zebra Fish
Does Protein Affect the Metabolic Rate of ZebraFish
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Dietary ingredients, and nutrients as well as anti-nutritional remain important factors that affect its Zebrafish growth and development. However, there lacks proper nutritional control due to the absence of standardized reference diet (Boyle et al.,2008). Moreover, according to epidemi ...
Weight reduction with improvement of serum lipid profile and ratios of Sesamu...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Development of novel natural dietary adjunct/agent with significant therapeutic effects on metabolic disease conditions such as obesity and heart disease raises concern in recent times. We studied chronic toxicity of the combined active ingredients present in the sesame leaves and their interaction on the fasting serum lipid profiles with their ratios in thirty adult male non-obese Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Such that, both treated groups received 14.0 and 28.0 mg/kg body weight doses of aqueous leaves extract of Sesamum radiatum respectively on a daily basis via gastric gavage, while, the control received equal volume of normal saline daily for six weeks. Significant (P < 0.05) weight loss observed in the treated groups was associated with significant (P < 0.05) reductions in both serum cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). The effect on the serum lipoprotein cholesterol components and ratios were significant in a dose related manner, such that increase in HDL accompanied a corresponding decrease in both LDL and LDL/HDL ratio. In addition, to increased in TG/HDL ratio. However, no significant differences in the relative reduction level of VLDL and triglycerides in the treated groups were found compared to control. Thus, LDL/HDL ratio is significantly a better indicator than the TG/HDL ratio in assessing the impact of sesame treatment with evidence of weight loss and hypolipidaemia especially in hypertensive heart diseases.
1
5
Does Protein Affect the Metabolic Rate of ZebraFish
Statement of the Problem
Dietary ingredients, and nutrients as well as anti-nutritional remain important factors that affect its growth and development. However, there lacks proper nutritional control due to the absence of standardized reference diet (Boyle et al. 5354). Moreover, numerous epidemiological studies undertaken indicate that several prenatal are important in the growth and development of Zebrafish (Daniorerio)(Acheson et al. 456) As a way of providing a standardized dietary framework, a need emerges for the provision of specific dietary and nutritional standard aimed at improving the growth and development of Zebra fish. Thus, the necessity to investigate the growth and metabolic rate of Zebrafish (Daniorerio) when fed with different commercial diets.
BACKGROUND
The consumption of proteins in a diet could have significant effects on the body metabolism. The high calories contents of proteins commonly require more calories for breakdown that carbohydrates and this could have significant effects of various metabolic aspects. The amount nature of proteins makes them significantly different from other dietary constitutes that people consume routinely. In general, proteins cause an increase in the metabolic rate of organisms because of a variety of reasons Like for instance, Weight maintenance is actually a simple matter of the energy balance and also energy balance is attained when "energy in" is corresponding to "energy out
Thermic affects accounts for the numerous ways in which proteins increase the metabolic rate of the body. Due to the strong bond making the protein molecules, a lot of energy is required to break down the high protein that has been consumed. The thermic effect of proteins means that about 30% of the calories in proteins are burned in the process of digesting proteins(Acheson et al. 528). The heat generated in the process increases the general body heat output hence influencing metabolism.
The consumption of protein in diet has been established as a factor that increases the metabolic rate in human beings (Howard et al. 117).This is mainly because proteins require a lot of energy to be broken down and the body must provide such energy, hence it increase the metabolic rate. The process of protein synthesis in the body causes the amino acid structures of the proteins consumed to begin the process of building body muscles. The construction of these tissues in the body is a process that consumes high amounts of energy hence the body requires increased energy to undertaken the process. As a result on the increased energy requirements, high metabolic rate occurs in order to maintain the required amount of energy necessary to sustain the activities of breaking down amino acids to form muscle tissues.
Within marine environments, hypoxia episodes remain prevalent due to a variety of reasons. The presence of oxygen within the marine environmen ...
dog's and cat's conjuntivitis, blepharitis, periocular itch nutraceutical tre...Sergio Canello
a study on the efficacy of a nutraceutical formula in the treatment of conjuntivitis, epiphora, Blepharitis and periocular itch conditions. Conditions resolved within 30 days in the 77% of the cases
Another important success of our R&D department in cooperation with the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Veterinary Clinic Section, Sassari, Italy
and the School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy: we individuated a natural dietary supplement that has the capability of improving brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in serum of aged dogs, helping them in their aging process.
Nutritional solution of recurring chronic otitis in dogsSergio Canello
Results of the treatment of nutritional of recurring chronic
otitis in dogs. After 3 weeks, 89% of the 107 dogs treated did not show any symptom of otitis.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Results on holistic treatment of dermatitis in dogs Sergio Canello
Result of the studies on the efficacy of FORZA10 Dermo Active on the treatment of Dermatitis in dogs with NO USE OF DRUGS.. You can BUY THE PRODUT HERE: http://goo.gl/UreiKP
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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Musculoskeletal development in growing puppies
1. Musculoskeletal development
in growing puppies
fed FORZA10 Puppy Condro Active
nutraceutic diet based on fish and characterised by an Omega3:Omega6 ratio 1:1 and integrated with natural
principles
clinical study
2. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of FORZA10 Puppy Condro Acti-
ve on the muscoloskeletal development in puppies.
This diet was formulated to contain fish kibbles with an Omega3/Omega6 ratio of 1:1.The kibbles are
mixed with tablets, which make up 7% of the product. These tablets contain potato and hydrolysed
fish protein (SANYpet AFS - patent pending) and a pool of natural ingredients to nourish puppies
during the delicate growing phase.
A group of 20 puppies of the Italian Army, potential future “military working dogs”, raised in
the Military Vet Center structures in Grosseto were examined.
Modern intensive farming cycle of livestock is based on the use of maize silage as the main food source. This
has produced a very important negative effect: the intake of Omega3 fatty acids is close to zero, which results
in an incorrect balance of the Omega3/Omega6 ratio. As a matter of fact, grass, which has always been a
natural food for herbivores, also ensures an Omega3/6 ratio close to 1:1; in maize the ratio is 1.4:5415,16
.
This means that large and small ruminants and poultry fed maize produce meat, milk, cheese, eggs and
meat and bone meals rich in Omega6 fatty acids and poor in Omega3. Currently, dogs are also being fed
pet foods that contain wheat or maize (therefore almost no Omega3) and meat that comes from livestock
raised on maize, which is very poor in Omega3. If the high amount of Omega6 fatty acids in the organism is
not counterbalanced by Omega3 these may cause inflammatory processes and encourage the proliferation
of various cell lines.
This may explain the reason for the faster growth in medium-large breed puppies during the last thirty years,
especially before they reach six months of age. At this age, most small and medium breeds have already
reached 80% of the expected height, according to breed standard and growth at 12 months, putting at risk
the harmonious physiological development of the musculoskeletal system. It is assumed that an abnormal
and anticipated growth is one of the predisposing factors for diseases such as osteoarticular dysplasia and
osteochondritis dissecans.
Introduction
3. The musculoskeletal system is made up by bones, muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments. Its main
function is to support the body and provide means of locomotion.
It also contains most of the hematopoietic tissue, in addition to being the main structure of
accumulation of phosphorus and calcium. At birth, the puppy still has a certain amount
of cartilage inside their bones, which helps bone growth. At a defined age, which
varies according to breed, and when a part of the cartilage is replaced by
bone tissue, the bones stop growing. The cartilage acts as a shock absorber
in adult dogs, to reduce the impact on the bones and to offer a surface that
provides “friction” for a smooth, regular and painless joint movement. These
effects, both in puppies and adults are enhanced by a regular consumption of
fish and fish oil, which are rich in Omega3 unsaturated fatty acids, especially
EPA and DHA, and therefore provide joint elasticity. In fact, in one study, dogs
were given a pet food supplemented with 3.5% of fish oil (high in Omega3
fatty acids) and results were assessed after 45 and 90 days, to determine
whether joint condition improved or not using force plate analysis; it is clearly
visible that the dogs fed the first type showed improved joint conditions, in
comparison to the control group.
EPAand DHA, highly necessary during the puppy’s growth9, enhance the action of proteoglycans in the cartilage. Proteoglycans
are molecules that provide mechanical support to the bone structure and contribute to tissue hydration. They also have an anti-
inflammatory action and are important in managing the vasodilation and blood clotting processes.
To understand the importance of EPA and DHA it is sufficient to think about the important actions these play when inflammation
has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
In these cases, many mechanisms may explain the effectiveness of polyunsaturated fatty acids and in detail:
- Competition as a substrate against arachidonic acid in pro-inflammatory substances such as series 2 prostaglandins
and series 4 leukotrienes. - Alternative substrate for the production of leukotrienes that are less powerful than the series 5
leukotrienes and series 37 thromboxanes.
Inflammation mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins, the concentration of which are high in the joints, play an
important role in the degenerative process and in the cause of pain associated with it. In some studies, where the efficacy of
three different Omega3 PUFA was demonstrated in vitro (alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA), it was found that these fatty acids
reduce the levels of messenger RNA for proteinases, which play a key role in the degeneration of the cartilage (ADAMTS-4
and -5), and reduce the levels of matrix metal proteinase - and 3 - 13. Omega3 also reduce the levels of mRNA for COX 2 and
for inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF - alpha), interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta. In particular,
it seems that EPA is the most effective of the fatty acids tested.
Role of LC-PUFA Fatty Acids on
the Osteoarticular Apparatus
Fig. 1 Three-dimensional structure of alpha-linolenic acid.
4. Due to various causes, normal skeletal growth may stop, and consequently,
bone tissue development could slow down and cartilage could increase its
thickness, losing its characteristic elasticity and resistence4. This leads to
the onset of osteoarticular disorders, such as osteochondritis dissecans
(OCD). OCD is a disease that affects the articular cartilage during the
growth phase of medium-large dogs (the German Shepherd is one of the
commonly affected breeds), in particular the onset period varies from 4
to 10 months of age5
.
Osteochondrosis or osteochondritis, in response to continuous mechanical
stress caused by the puppy’s energy level and liveliness, usually causes
a detachment of the thickened cartilage from the underlying parts and
the development of deep cracks in the cartilage, triggering an intense
inflammatory process responsible for arthrosynovitis that accompanies
this disease. Other diseases that affect a significant number of German
Shepherd puppies are hip and elbow dysplasia.
These consist in an abnormal development of joints that subsequently leads to joint laxity, subluxation of the femoral
head, incongruity of the joint and subsequent erosion of joint borders and surfaces. The genetic component of the
diseases mentioned above appears to be an important element for the onset of these diseases. Other factors, such as
diet, are involved, especially overeating, excessive intake of Omega6 and excessive supplementation of calcium, which
cause a rapid overdevelopment. The use of a diet based on fish, and that has an appropriate ratio of 1:1 of Omega3/
Omega6 and enriched with natural ingredients, contributes to the correct musculoskeletal development of the puppy
during its delicate growth phase.
In fact, a special diet with these features results in a rebalance in overall growth, which becomes more harmonious and
gradual over time. It also avoids a rapid skeletal growth, not accompanied by a proper muscle mass development.
DHA is the main component of the brain, found in both nerve membranes and synaptosomal plasma. For this reason,
proper neural development is essential for the puppy and overall, for synaptic plasticity. A deficiency of DHA affects the
biophysical properties of membranes, which is altered directly, with an influence on the of the nerve signal translation and
on the function of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, two substances that lead to increased aggression
Osteoarticular disorders
Role of LC-PUFA fatty acids on puppy behaviour and cognitive
development
gradual
growth
correct musculoskeletal development
5. and impulsivity. A dietary deficiency of DHA may cause drastic reductions of its level in the brain, with a reduction in
the density of synaptic vesicles in the hippocampus and, therefore, decreased learning ability. On the other hand, the
administration of DHA in the diet resulted in improved cognitive processes.
In fact, a research published in January 2010 found that subjects fed diets rich in Omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,
not only had a very high amount of these factors in the blood, but also had improved obedience and game performances
compared to the control group10.
The aim is to study the effects of FORZA10 Puppy Condro Active on the musculoskeletal development in puppies. This
food was formulated based on fish kibbles with a 1:1 ratio Omega3 and Omega6, mixed with the ideal amount of tablets
made of fish protein hydrolysates and potato (SANYpet AFS patent) and a pool of natural ingredients designed to support
puppies during their delicate growth phase and development of the musculoskeletal system. For this study 20 puppies
(future working dogs) in the Italian Army raised at the facilities of the Center of Military Veterinary in Grosseto were used.
The puppies were divided in two groups. The first group received the dog food (the experimental dog food), whereas the
other group was given a traditional superpremium level dog food. The two groups were made up by four Belgian Shepherd
Malinois puppies, six German Shepherd puppies and ten mixed breed puppies (mix between Belgian Shepherd Malinois
and German Shepherd). The puppies’ parents did not have dysplasia or any other genetic abnormalities. The puppies
were divided evenly based on sex and breed characteristics. The subjects underwent haematological examinations and
x-ray inspection performed at the time
of the inclusion exam, at age three
months, at age five months and at age
one year. Photographs were taken
of some subjects for morphological
evaluation during growth.
At five months and at one year of
age the elbow, joints and the pelvis
were analysed through a radiographic
study in order to check for anatomical
differences and joint development in
the two groups of dogs studied.
Aim of study
6. Radiographic study
For the present study the following have been taken into consideration: humeral - radio - ulnar and coxal
- femoral articulations because they are more frequently prone to anatomical changes in these breeds.
To perform radiographic examinations, subjects were premedicated with an intramuscular injection of
medetomidine and butorphanol 20 minutes after the intravenous administration of propofol (anesthetic). This
kind of anesthesia allowed us to obtain an excellent degree of muscle relaxation. The radiographs of the
humerus - radio - ulnar joints were performed in medial - lateral projection opening angle of 45° and AP. No
alteration was visible from the mammograms regarding the development of the skeletal or joint congruency
for anatomical analysis did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups.
Concentration of fatty acids in the blood:
The blood samples were carried out on the two groups of subjects in this study, at the time of the visit of
inclusion, for three months, at the age of five and one year of age, each time by measuring blood concentrations
of various fatty acids, C16 , C18, C18: 1 Omega9, Omega7 C 18:1, C18:2 Omega6, C 20:3 Omega6, C20:4
Omega6, C20:5 Omega3, C 22:4 Omega6, C 22:5 Omega3 and C 22:6 Omega3.
In this study there was no significant increase in the concentration of fatty acids in blood, tested on the group
fed the fish kibbles. However, after three months, a peak of the enzyme delta 5 desaturase was observed.
This is crucial in the formation of prostaglandin 3 enzymes that lead to the conversion of eicosatetraenoic acid
in EPA and then to DHA, a PUFA highly necessary in during the growth phase7
.
Concentration of fatty acids in the blood:
The puppies fed the conventional food habitually ate grass and showed episodes of coprophagia, compared
to those that were given the fish kibbles. Moreover, during the study, the puppies given the fish kibbles, with
fish as the only source of protein, were found to be more suitable for work because they were more attentive
and quicker to learn. In fact, recent studies have demonstrated an improvement in the cognitive performance
in dogs fed a diet rich in Omega310
.
Results
7. Conclusions
The presence of Omega3 fatty acids in FORZA10 in a 1:1 ratio is able to restore a balance in the growth
rate, more harmonious and gradual over time, which avoids a rapid skeletal development not accompanied
by an adequate increase in muscle, as occurred in the subjects fed a traditional food. An overdevelopment
is a factor that predisposes diseases such as bone and joint dysplasia and osteochondritis dissecans. The
high presence of these polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood, especially EPA and DHA, involves, in addition, a
more effective anti-inflammatory action and an improvement in vasodilation and in the coagulative processes.
Puppies fed FORZA10 Puppy Condro Active did not show a tendency to eat grass nor did they manifest
coprophagia. This phenomenon, observed in the control group, is believed to be a natural behaviour to
compensate the Omega3 deficiency of their diet. In addition, puppies
fed FORZA10 were judged to be more suitable as working dogs because they were more
attentive and quick to learn. These two factors indicate that the psycho-physical state of the dogs is balanced.
All subjects included in the study showed a peak of delta 5 desaturase, which is crucial for the formation of
prostaglandins 3, enzymes that lead to the conversion of eicosatetraenoic acid in EPA and then in DHA, an
highly necessary PUFA during the growth phase9. This peak of delta 5 desaturase at 3 months of age, has
never been reported in literature. Further studies are required to better assess this phenomenon and how
nutrition can influence it.
Based on the results obtained in this study, we can consider FORZA10 Puppy Condro Active,
suitable for medium-large breed puppies during their delicate growth phase.
8. 1. Hall, J.A., Picton R.A., Skinner M.M., Jewell D.E., Wander R.C., The (n-3) fatty acid dose, indipendent of
the (n-6) to (n.3) fatty acid ratio, affects the plasma fatty acid profile of normal dogs. American Society for
Nutrition J. Nutr. 136:2338-2344, September 2006
2. The BiologicallyAppropriate Food Concept and the Dietary Needs of Dogs and Cats
3. D. L. Palmquist Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolism, Health, and Nutrition and for Modified Animal Pro-
duct Foods, The ProfessionalAnimal Scientist 25 ( 2009 ):207–249. Department ofAnimal Sciences, The
Ohio State University, 1680 MadisonAvenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096
4. Bibus DM, Stitt PA, Metabolsim of alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed in dogs.
World Rev. Nutr.Diet 1998; 83; 186-198.
5. Artemis P. Simopoulos, MD, FACN Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases.
The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, D.C
6. Jacques Debraekeleer, DVM Osteoartrite: cosa possiamo fare oltre ad utilizzare i FarmaciAntinfiamma-
tori Non Steroidei? Dipl ECVCN, Ghent, Belgio, 50° Congresso Nazionale Multisala SCIVAC, 2007
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