a study on the efficacy of a nutraceutical formula in the treatment of conjuntivitis, epiphora, Blepharitis and periocular itch conditions. Conditions resolved within 30 days in the 77% of the cases
This document discusses allergic disorders and their impact on children's health. It notes that allergic diseases like asthma affect approximately 50 million people in the US, including as many as one in five children. Allergic respiratory problems are very common causes of school absenteeism. The document emphasizes the importance of proper diagnosis of allergic diseases by pediatricians so that children can receive appropriate treatment. It provides an overview of common allergic conditions, diagnostic tests for allergies, and features of inhalant allergies.
1. Allergic diseases affect people throughout their lives and involve multiple organ systems like the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
2. Allergic reactions occur in stages from pre-immunological sensitization to antigen-antibody reactions to the pathological effects of substances like histamine.
3. Diagnosis involves a detailed patient history, physical exams of affected organs, and laboratory tests including blood counts, IgE levels, and skin prick or patch tests to identify specific allergens.
This document provides an overview of therapies for canine atopic dermatitis. It discusses the importance of moisturizers and topical anti-inflammatory/antipruritic treatments such as glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors. Newer topical glucocorticoids like hydrocortisone aceponate have shown efficacy in reducing clinical signs and pruritus with few side effects. Topical tacrolimus and cyclosporine also show promise. While topical antihistamines have low efficacy, newer formulations continue to be investigated. The document emphasizes the need for tailored, multi-modal treatment approaches for canine atopic dermatitis.
An allergy is an immune system reaction to normally harmless substances. When a person is exposed to an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as harmful and produces antibodies called IgE. This causes an inflammatory response with symptoms ranging from mild like hay fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common allergens include foods, pollen, dust mites, animal dander, insect stings, latex and medications. Allergies are diagnosed through a medical history and allergy tests. Treatments include avoiding allergens, antihistamines, steroids, decongestants and epinephrine injections for severe reactions.
Global Medical Cures™ | Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Food Aller...Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in USA
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
The document provides an in-depth overview of atopic dermatitis (AD), including its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, systemic immune response, and treatment approaches. It discusses several theories for its pathogenesis, including abnormalities in cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling, the allergy hypothesis involving TH2 cell responses, and genetic factors like filaggrin gene mutations. Diagnosis involves characteristic clinical features along with personal or family history of atopy. Management focuses on emollients, topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, phototherapy, immunomodulators, and avoidance of triggers.
The document provides information about allergies including what causes them, the allergic process, common symptoms, and treatments. It states that allergies are caused by the immune system mistakenly identifying harmless substances as threats. When re-exposed, the immune system releases histamine causing symptoms like sneezing, rashes, or more severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Diagnostic tests include skin prick tests and blood tests to identify specific allergens and guide treatment options.
This document summarizes similarities and differences between human and canine atopic dermatitis. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is defined as a pruritic and inflammatory skin condition that is often genetically predisposed and associated with environmental allergens. CAD most commonly affects the feet, ears, and abdomen. It has been shown to run in families. Treatment focuses on glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, and allergen-specific immunotherapy, which is effective in 70% of cases. House dust mites, pollens, and molds are major allergens. An elimination diet can help identify food triggers. Human atopic dermatitis serves as a good comparative model for understanding
This document discusses allergic disorders and their impact on children's health. It notes that allergic diseases like asthma affect approximately 50 million people in the US, including as many as one in five children. Allergic respiratory problems are very common causes of school absenteeism. The document emphasizes the importance of proper diagnosis of allergic diseases by pediatricians so that children can receive appropriate treatment. It provides an overview of common allergic conditions, diagnostic tests for allergies, and features of inhalant allergies.
1. Allergic diseases affect people throughout their lives and involve multiple organ systems like the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
2. Allergic reactions occur in stages from pre-immunological sensitization to antigen-antibody reactions to the pathological effects of substances like histamine.
3. Diagnosis involves a detailed patient history, physical exams of affected organs, and laboratory tests including blood counts, IgE levels, and skin prick or patch tests to identify specific allergens.
This document provides an overview of therapies for canine atopic dermatitis. It discusses the importance of moisturizers and topical anti-inflammatory/antipruritic treatments such as glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors. Newer topical glucocorticoids like hydrocortisone aceponate have shown efficacy in reducing clinical signs and pruritus with few side effects. Topical tacrolimus and cyclosporine also show promise. While topical antihistamines have low efficacy, newer formulations continue to be investigated. The document emphasizes the need for tailored, multi-modal treatment approaches for canine atopic dermatitis.
An allergy is an immune system reaction to normally harmless substances. When a person is exposed to an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as harmful and produces antibodies called IgE. This causes an inflammatory response with symptoms ranging from mild like hay fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common allergens include foods, pollen, dust mites, animal dander, insect stings, latex and medications. Allergies are diagnosed through a medical history and allergy tests. Treatments include avoiding allergens, antihistamines, steroids, decongestants and epinephrine injections for severe reactions.
Global Medical Cures™ | Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Food Aller...Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in USA
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
The document provides an in-depth overview of atopic dermatitis (AD), including its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, systemic immune response, and treatment approaches. It discusses several theories for its pathogenesis, including abnormalities in cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling, the allergy hypothesis involving TH2 cell responses, and genetic factors like filaggrin gene mutations. Diagnosis involves characteristic clinical features along with personal or family history of atopy. Management focuses on emollients, topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, phototherapy, immunomodulators, and avoidance of triggers.
The document provides information about allergies including what causes them, the allergic process, common symptoms, and treatments. It states that allergies are caused by the immune system mistakenly identifying harmless substances as threats. When re-exposed, the immune system releases histamine causing symptoms like sneezing, rashes, or more severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Diagnostic tests include skin prick tests and blood tests to identify specific allergens and guide treatment options.
This document summarizes similarities and differences between human and canine atopic dermatitis. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is defined as a pruritic and inflammatory skin condition that is often genetically predisposed and associated with environmental allergens. CAD most commonly affects the feet, ears, and abdomen. It has been shown to run in families. Treatment focuses on glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, and allergen-specific immunotherapy, which is effective in 70% of cases. House dust mites, pollens, and molds are major allergens. An elimination diet can help identify food triggers. Human atopic dermatitis serves as a good comparative model for understanding
Allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to normally harmless substances called allergens. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, animal dander, foods and medications. The immune system produces IgE antibodies that mistakenly identify allergens as harmful. When a person is exposed to an allergen, the antibodies trigger an inflammatory response causing allergy symptoms. Allergies can be classified based on the route of exposure such as inhaled, ingested or contact allergens. Skin testing and blood tests can help identify specific allergens causing a person's symptoms. Treatments include avoidance of allergens and medications that reduce inflammation.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy skin lesions. It is associated with elevated IgE levels and a family history of atopic diseases. The causes involve genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers that disrupt the skin barrier and promote a TH2-mediated immune response. Treatment focuses on identifying and avoiding triggers while improving the skin barrier with emollients and controlling inflammation with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. New targeted therapies that block cytokines and immune cells involved in AD pathogenesis are under investigation.
Atopic dermatitis Position Paper - Latin American Society of Allergy, Asthma ...Juan Carlos Ivancevich
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Latin America. It summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, phenotypes, diagnostic criteria and severity scales for AD. Some key points include: AD prevalence is high in Latin America and increasing due to urbanization and lifestyle changes. Multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. Sensitization patterns differ from other regions, with early and high sensitization rates to mites and other allergens common in Latin America. Phenotypes are described based on Th1, Th2 and autoimmune responses. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and severity can be assessed using scales like SCORAD. Laboratory tests for total
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction to foreign substances called antigens that are harmless to most individuals. It affects 15-30% of the global population, many of them children. Allergies can cause symptoms like sneezing and itching and interfere with daily life. Treating allergies costs billions of dollars annually. There are four main types of allergic reactions that involve different immunoglobulins and immune cells. Common allergens come from natural sources like pollen and foods or chemical sources like drugs.
The document discusses allergies and anaphylaxis. It defines allergies as hypersensitive reactions to allergens that come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, or respiratory/gastrointestinal tracts. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. The immune system normally produces antibodies to defend against harmful substances, but in allergies it overreacts to harmless substances. Allergic reactions are classified based on their mechanisms and time courses. Type 1 reactions are immediate and IgE-mediated, like anaphylaxis. Skin prick and serum IgE tests can help identify allergens and prevent severe allergic reactions. Proper medical history is important
This document discusses different types of hypersensitivity reactions and allergies. It describes 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions:
Type I is an immediate or anaphylactic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells. Type II involves antibody-dependent cytotoxic reactions mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies. Type III reactions are immune complex-mediated responses. Type IV is a cell-mediated reaction involving T cells. The document provides details on the mechanisms, mediators, symptoms and treatments for each type of hypersensitivity reaction.
hypersensitivityreactionscld-130203182150-phpapp01.pptxSanskriti Shah
This document provides an overview of hypersensitivity reactions, including their classification and the pathophysiology, etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and management of different types. It discusses Type I-IV hypersensitivity reactions in detail. Type I reactions involve IgE antibodies and mast cells/basophils, causing immediate allergic reactions. Types II-IV are immune complex-mediated or cell-mediated reactions that occur hours to days after exposure. Diagnostic tests and treatments aim to identify triggers and control inflammation/symptoms through avoidance, medications, immunotherapy, and management of anaphylaxis if needed.
This document provides information on different types of ocular allergy, including their symptoms, signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. It discusses allergic conjunctivitis conditions like seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), acute allergic toxic induced conjunctivitis, contact dermatoblepharitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and their characteristic features. The sensitization process involving antigen presentation, IgE production, mast cell activation and release of inflammatory mediators like histamine, prostaglandins and cytokines is described. Eosinophils and neutrophils involvement in allergic inflammation is also outlined.
The document discusses hypersensitivity reactions and their classification. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are IgE antibody and mast cell mediated responses to antigens. IgE antibodies bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils, initiating the reaction upon re-exposure to the antigen. Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play essential roles in allergic inflammation. The document also discusses the roles of these cells and antibodies in initiating and propagating immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Allergic disorders are common in children, affecting 15-30% globally. Allergies are caused by an inappropriate immune response to substances called allergens. Common allergic disorders in children include allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, insect bites, food allergy, and anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions involve the release of mediators like histamine from immune cells. Treatment focuses on avoidance of triggers, antihistamines, and management of symptoms.
Hypersensitivity reactions for Medical StudentsNCRIMS, Meerut
Hypersensitivity (animated) for MBBS Students
Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions produced by the normal immune system.
Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized state of the host.
Four types of hypersensitivity
Type I – anaphylactic
Type II – cytotoxic
Type III – immune complex mediated
Type IV – contact, tuberculin and granulomatous
Anaphylaxis is defined as a life-threatening allergic reaction set in action by a wide range of antigens and involving multiple organ systems.
The true incidence is difficult to estimate, but in 1973 the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program reported six anaphylactic reactions and 0.87 deaths from anaphylaxis per 10,000 patients.
Reactions to insect stings alone are responsible for at least 50 deaths in the United States each year.
These figures reveal the importance of continued research into the biology of anaphylaxis along with developing new (and improving existing) therapies.
This document discusses hypersensitivity reactions, specifically Type I or immediate hypersensitivity reactions which cause allergic responses. It defines a hypersensitivity reaction as an abnormal immune response to antigens. Type I reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies and include common allergies. The mechanisms involve IgE binding to mast cells and basophils, antigen cross-linking of IgE, and subsequent release of inflammatory mediators. Diagnosis methods include skin tests and IgE measurement. Treatments focus on avoidance, desensitization, and drugs that reduce inflammation or inhibit mediator effects.
Hypersensitivity Reactions with an Overview on AnaphylaxisVarshil Mehta
This document provides an overview of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. It begins with objectives and definitions, then discusses Coombs and Gell's classification of hypersensitivity reactions into four types. Type 1 is allergy mediated by IgE, Type 2 involves cytotoxic antibodies, Type 3 involves immune complex formation, and Type 4 is delayed hypersensitivity. It also covers anaphylaxis in detail, including causes, pathophysiology involving mast cell activation, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
This document provides information about allergic rhinitis. It defines allergic rhinitis as an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa initiated by an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. It then discusses the epidemiology, noting it is a common global health problem increasing in prevalence, especially in children and young adults. Risk factors include genetics, family history, environment, and comorbid conditions like asthma. The pathophysiology involves sensitization, early and late phase responses, and systemic activation mediated by IgE, mast cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells and mediators. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination, and diagnostic tests like skin prick tests and immunoassays to demonstrate allergen-specific Ig
This document provides information on allergic rhinitis (AR), including its definition, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and management. AR results from an IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens that causes nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing and itching. It affects 10-25% of the global population and involves inflammation of the nose and other respiratory organs in some individuals. Diagnosis is based on patient history, examination, skin prick tests and blood tests to detect allergen-specific IgE. Management focuses on allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy.
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa induced by exposure to allergens. It is characterized by sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and nasal itching. Seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms are triggered by pollen allergens during specific seasons, while perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms are present throughout the year. Diagnosis involves a clinical history and examination, skin prick testing, and nasal smears showing eosinophilia. Treatment includes avoidance of allergens, oral antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and immunotherapy for persistent or severe cases.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an inflammatory lung disease caused by an exaggerated immune response to inhaled organic particles or chemicals in susceptible individuals. It has heterogeneous clinical manifestations ranging from acute to chronic forms. The chronic form presents with progressive dyspnea and often evolves to fibrosis. Pathologically, it is characterized by bronchiolocentric interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and variable degrees of fibrosis. Diagnosis relies on weighing clinical, radiographic, and pathological evidence, though it can be challenging to distinguish from other interstitial lung diseases. Treatment involves antigen avoidance and corticosteroids are usually indicated based on expert opinion, though clinical trials are limited.
A case of allergy and food sensitivity: the nasunin, natural color of eggplantiosrphr_editor
Abstract: Allergies and food sensitivities can both be considered as "adverse reactions individualistic" to food.
Are pathological and individual forms because they affect a few individuals in way rather serious; immediate
or delayed reactions occur instead with simple effects histamine, or, in severe cases with respiratory and
anaphylactic shock
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known to cause food allergies in some Asian countries, but detailed
studies on allergies caused by eggplant are lacking, however, it was highlighted the presence of allergens in
edible parts of eggplant with preponderance in the peel .
The purpose of this study was to propose an extraction method rapid, efficient and cost of natural dye from
waste products from the food industry, such as the peels of eggplant, from which it was extracted, isolated and
purified the nasunin,a colored molecule in red-fuchsia.
Nasusin was tested on 58 patients to evaluate the potential sensitizing effect on the skin. The results demonstrate
that allergenic effects are negligible and therefore the nasunin can be used as a colorant in various industrial
sectors with a certain safety margin
Allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to normally harmless substances called allergens. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, animal dander, foods and medications. The immune system produces IgE antibodies that mistakenly identify allergens as harmful. When a person is exposed to an allergen, the antibodies trigger an inflammatory response causing allergy symptoms. Allergies can be classified based on the route of exposure such as inhaled, ingested or contact allergens. Skin testing and blood tests can help identify specific allergens causing a person's symptoms. Treatments include avoidance of allergens and medications that reduce inflammation.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy skin lesions. It is associated with elevated IgE levels and a family history of atopic diseases. The causes involve genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers that disrupt the skin barrier and promote a TH2-mediated immune response. Treatment focuses on identifying and avoiding triggers while improving the skin barrier with emollients and controlling inflammation with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. New targeted therapies that block cytokines and immune cells involved in AD pathogenesis are under investigation.
Atopic dermatitis Position Paper - Latin American Society of Allergy, Asthma ...Juan Carlos Ivancevich
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Latin America. It summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, phenotypes, diagnostic criteria and severity scales for AD. Some key points include: AD prevalence is high in Latin America and increasing due to urbanization and lifestyle changes. Multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. Sensitization patterns differ from other regions, with early and high sensitization rates to mites and other allergens common in Latin America. Phenotypes are described based on Th1, Th2 and autoimmune responses. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and severity can be assessed using scales like SCORAD. Laboratory tests for total
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction to foreign substances called antigens that are harmless to most individuals. It affects 15-30% of the global population, many of them children. Allergies can cause symptoms like sneezing and itching and interfere with daily life. Treating allergies costs billions of dollars annually. There are four main types of allergic reactions that involve different immunoglobulins and immune cells. Common allergens come from natural sources like pollen and foods or chemical sources like drugs.
The document discusses allergies and anaphylaxis. It defines allergies as hypersensitive reactions to allergens that come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, or respiratory/gastrointestinal tracts. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. The immune system normally produces antibodies to defend against harmful substances, but in allergies it overreacts to harmless substances. Allergic reactions are classified based on their mechanisms and time courses. Type 1 reactions are immediate and IgE-mediated, like anaphylaxis. Skin prick and serum IgE tests can help identify allergens and prevent severe allergic reactions. Proper medical history is important
This document discusses different types of hypersensitivity reactions and allergies. It describes 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions:
Type I is an immediate or anaphylactic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells. Type II involves antibody-dependent cytotoxic reactions mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies. Type III reactions are immune complex-mediated responses. Type IV is a cell-mediated reaction involving T cells. The document provides details on the mechanisms, mediators, symptoms and treatments for each type of hypersensitivity reaction.
hypersensitivityreactionscld-130203182150-phpapp01.pptxSanskriti Shah
This document provides an overview of hypersensitivity reactions, including their classification and the pathophysiology, etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and management of different types. It discusses Type I-IV hypersensitivity reactions in detail. Type I reactions involve IgE antibodies and mast cells/basophils, causing immediate allergic reactions. Types II-IV are immune complex-mediated or cell-mediated reactions that occur hours to days after exposure. Diagnostic tests and treatments aim to identify triggers and control inflammation/symptoms through avoidance, medications, immunotherapy, and management of anaphylaxis if needed.
This document provides information on different types of ocular allergy, including their symptoms, signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. It discusses allergic conjunctivitis conditions like seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), acute allergic toxic induced conjunctivitis, contact dermatoblepharitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and their characteristic features. The sensitization process involving antigen presentation, IgE production, mast cell activation and release of inflammatory mediators like histamine, prostaglandins and cytokines is described. Eosinophils and neutrophils involvement in allergic inflammation is also outlined.
The document discusses hypersensitivity reactions and their classification. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are IgE antibody and mast cell mediated responses to antigens. IgE antibodies bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils, initiating the reaction upon re-exposure to the antigen. Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play essential roles in allergic inflammation. The document also discusses the roles of these cells and antibodies in initiating and propagating immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Allergic disorders are common in children, affecting 15-30% globally. Allergies are caused by an inappropriate immune response to substances called allergens. Common allergic disorders in children include allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, insect bites, food allergy, and anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions involve the release of mediators like histamine from immune cells. Treatment focuses on avoidance of triggers, antihistamines, and management of symptoms.
Hypersensitivity reactions for Medical StudentsNCRIMS, Meerut
Hypersensitivity (animated) for MBBS Students
Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions produced by the normal immune system.
Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized state of the host.
Four types of hypersensitivity
Type I – anaphylactic
Type II – cytotoxic
Type III – immune complex mediated
Type IV – contact, tuberculin and granulomatous
Anaphylaxis is defined as a life-threatening allergic reaction set in action by a wide range of antigens and involving multiple organ systems.
The true incidence is difficult to estimate, but in 1973 the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program reported six anaphylactic reactions and 0.87 deaths from anaphylaxis per 10,000 patients.
Reactions to insect stings alone are responsible for at least 50 deaths in the United States each year.
These figures reveal the importance of continued research into the biology of anaphylaxis along with developing new (and improving existing) therapies.
This document discusses hypersensitivity reactions, specifically Type I or immediate hypersensitivity reactions which cause allergic responses. It defines a hypersensitivity reaction as an abnormal immune response to antigens. Type I reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies and include common allergies. The mechanisms involve IgE binding to mast cells and basophils, antigen cross-linking of IgE, and subsequent release of inflammatory mediators. Diagnosis methods include skin tests and IgE measurement. Treatments focus on avoidance, desensitization, and drugs that reduce inflammation or inhibit mediator effects.
Hypersensitivity Reactions with an Overview on AnaphylaxisVarshil Mehta
This document provides an overview of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. It begins with objectives and definitions, then discusses Coombs and Gell's classification of hypersensitivity reactions into four types. Type 1 is allergy mediated by IgE, Type 2 involves cytotoxic antibodies, Type 3 involves immune complex formation, and Type 4 is delayed hypersensitivity. It also covers anaphylaxis in detail, including causes, pathophysiology involving mast cell activation, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
This document provides information about allergic rhinitis. It defines allergic rhinitis as an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa initiated by an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. It then discusses the epidemiology, noting it is a common global health problem increasing in prevalence, especially in children and young adults. Risk factors include genetics, family history, environment, and comorbid conditions like asthma. The pathophysiology involves sensitization, early and late phase responses, and systemic activation mediated by IgE, mast cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells and mediators. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination, and diagnostic tests like skin prick tests and immunoassays to demonstrate allergen-specific Ig
This document provides information on allergic rhinitis (AR), including its definition, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and management. AR results from an IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens that causes nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing and itching. It affects 10-25% of the global population and involves inflammation of the nose and other respiratory organs in some individuals. Diagnosis is based on patient history, examination, skin prick tests and blood tests to detect allergen-specific IgE. Management focuses on allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy.
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa induced by exposure to allergens. It is characterized by sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and nasal itching. Seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms are triggered by pollen allergens during specific seasons, while perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms are present throughout the year. Diagnosis involves a clinical history and examination, skin prick testing, and nasal smears showing eosinophilia. Treatment includes avoidance of allergens, oral antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and immunotherapy for persistent or severe cases.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an inflammatory lung disease caused by an exaggerated immune response to inhaled organic particles or chemicals in susceptible individuals. It has heterogeneous clinical manifestations ranging from acute to chronic forms. The chronic form presents with progressive dyspnea and often evolves to fibrosis. Pathologically, it is characterized by bronchiolocentric interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and variable degrees of fibrosis. Diagnosis relies on weighing clinical, radiographic, and pathological evidence, though it can be challenging to distinguish from other interstitial lung diseases. Treatment involves antigen avoidance and corticosteroids are usually indicated based on expert opinion, though clinical trials are limited.
A case of allergy and food sensitivity: the nasunin, natural color of eggplantiosrphr_editor
Abstract: Allergies and food sensitivities can both be considered as "adverse reactions individualistic" to food.
Are pathological and individual forms because they affect a few individuals in way rather serious; immediate
or delayed reactions occur instead with simple effects histamine, or, in severe cases with respiratory and
anaphylactic shock
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known to cause food allergies in some Asian countries, but detailed
studies on allergies caused by eggplant are lacking, however, it was highlighted the presence of allergens in
edible parts of eggplant with preponderance in the peel .
The purpose of this study was to propose an extraction method rapid, efficient and cost of natural dye from
waste products from the food industry, such as the peels of eggplant, from which it was extracted, isolated and
purified the nasunin,a colored molecule in red-fuchsia.
Nasusin was tested on 58 patients to evaluate the potential sensitizing effect on the skin. The results demonstrate
that allergenic effects are negligible and therefore the nasunin can be used as a colorant in various industrial
sectors with a certain safety margin
Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem whose prevalence is increasing. It is defined by nasal symptoms including runny nose, blockage, itching, and sneezing caused by IgE-mediated inflammation in response to allergens. Risk factors include genetic and family history as well as environmental exposures. It is diagnosed through patient history, examination, and allergy testing. Treatment involves allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy like antihistamines and nasal steroids, and possibly immunotherapy.
This document discusses allergy and hypersensitivity reactions. It covers the epidemiology of allergies, noting that over 25% of Americans have some type of allergy. It describes the pathophysiology of different types of hypersensitivity reactions, including Type I reactions mediated by IgE antibodies which can result in anaphylaxis, and Type IV cell-mediated delayed reactions. It also discusses non-allergic pseudoallergic reactions that can be caused by certain drugs damaging mast cells.
Allergic rhinitis is a common condition caused by an immunoglobulin E-mediated response to allergens like pollen, dust mites, and animal dander. It affects up to 20% of adults in the US. Genetics play a role, as those with a family history have an increased risk. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes. Diagnosis involves skin prick testing or measuring allergen-specific IgE levels. Treatment focuses on avoidance of triggers, medications, and immunotherapy.
This document provides a review of the pathogenesis and treatment of allergic diseases. It discusses the complex factors involved in the development of allergic diseases, including genetics, environment, and immune function. The review covers the history and epidemiology of common allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. It examines the molecular mechanisms and pathological processes involved in each disease. Recent developments in genetics and immunology are helping researchers better understand the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and develop new biological drug therapies.
Similar to dog's and cat's conjuntivitis, blepharitis, periocular itch nutraceutical treatment (20)
Musculoskeletal development in growing puppiesSergio Canello
Effects on the growth of puppies of a nutraceutical diet based on fish and characterized by an Omega3:Omega6 ratio of 1:1 and integrated with natural principles.
Another important success of our R&D department in cooperation with the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Veterinary Clinic Section, Sassari, Italy
and the School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy: we individuated a natural dietary supplement that has the capability of improving brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in serum of aged dogs, helping them in their aging process.
Nutritional solution of recurring chronic otitis in dogsSergio Canello
Results of the treatment of nutritional of recurring chronic
otitis in dogs. After 3 weeks, 89% of the 107 dogs treated did not show any symptom of otitis.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Results on holistic treatment of dermatitis in dogs Sergio Canello
Result of the studies on the efficacy of FORZA10 Dermo Active on the treatment of Dermatitis in dogs with NO USE OF DRUGS.. You can BUY THE PRODUT HERE: http://goo.gl/UreiKP
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
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dog's and cat's conjuntivitis, blepharitis, periocular itch nutraceutical treatment
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
Allergic conjunctivitis in cats and dogs may represent a local
conjunctival manifestation or a general reaction associated
with skin hypersensitivity (9).
CLINICAL SIGNS: allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by
hyperaemia and bilateral conjunctival oedema,intense itch and
therefore eyes rubbing, has watery eyes and discharge (4). In
an animal with conjunctivitis, we can also observe flogosis
around both eyelids (marginal blepharitis) and of the cornea
(keratitis), as well as secondary bacterial infections (caused
by staphylococcus, in particular) (8) (9).
Allergy caused conjunctival flogosis is one of the clinical signs
commonly found of IgE mediated atypical dermatitis in dogs
(7). In cats, instead, conjunctivitis caused by general allergic
reactions is associated with food hypersensibility and causes
intense itch on the head and neck, erythemic wounds and
scabs on the eyelids,face excoriations,cheilite and ceruminosa
otitis (1).Sometimes just an anamnesis and clinical aspects are
sufficient to diagnose allergy related conjunctivitis, but in
complicated and chronic forms these might not be sufficient
and other diagnostic auxiliaries (such as cytology,conjunctival
coltures or biopsy) are suggested.
MICROSCOPIC ASPECT: A conjunctival biopsy may reveal
flaky epithelial cell and goblet cell hyperplasia or metaplasia.
Allergy related flogosis is usually characterized by infiltrated
red blood cells in the epithelial and connective subepiteliale
tissue and by the presence of a few mast cells. Inflammatory
infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells represent the
predominant cell population (6) (14) (15).
EYE ALLERGY PHYSIOPATHOLGY
Allergen sensitisation represents the first step in developing
a defensive reaction:after an initial exposure all cells presenting
this antigen (macrophages) phagocyte and process the antigen
and they present it to the lymphocytes.Once the sensitisation
has taken place, the immune system uses the most efficient
response: repeated contact with the antigen transforms the
B-lymphocytes in plasma cells,where IgE synthesis takes place.
The connection between IgE and allergen provokes mast cell
degranulation (allergic reaction type I) and the consequent
liberation of inflammatory mediators such as histamine (10).
Mast cells can be found in different tissues: skin, conjunctive
mucus, nasal, bronchial and intestinal (13).
Eye mast cells originate from the hemopoietic system and
especially a high number of mast cells are found in the
conjunctiva, in which each contain a certain amount of IgE
molecules. Mast cell degranulation in the conjunctiva is
responsible for allergic reactions (1).
During the immediate allergic phase, histamine stimulates
different districts of the ocular structure: nerve terminations
determine an intense eye itch,which causes vase dilatation of
peripheral vascularization therefore causing conjunctival
hyperaemia and last,structural glands produce excessive tears
(10) (17).
From 6 to 12 hours after mast cell degranulation,an afflux of
red blood cells, macrophages,T lymphocytes from the blood
current to the conjunctival mucus:This represents the secondary
response phase.As a result, an allergic reaction implicates a
simultaneous inflammatory reaction characterized by the
presence of flogistic cell infiltrate in target organ mucus (22)
(16).Chemical mediators are freed during repeated stimulation
of the local immune system, which play an important role in
mucus flogistic reactions as well. Cytokines, toxic for the
epithelial tissue in the cornea and conjunctival area and for
the lachrymal film,are actually able to induce qualitative changes
on film mucus and is the cause of disorganized lipidic film. So
during a chronic allergy-related conjunctivitis, contrary to
what happens during an acute form, the eye appears to be
dry,with a lower mucus cell density in the eyelid conjunctives
and has a reduced break-up time in the lachrymal film (11)
(18). Cell infiltrate in chronic conjunctivitis is characterized
by lymphoid cells that are responsible for hyperplasic follicle
development, visible on a macroscopic level (follicle
conjunctivitis) (5) (6).
0 day
20 day
3. ALLERGY RELATED CONJUNCTIVITIS
Organisms can have inappropriate reactions to food ingestion:
either food intolerance, characterized by a non-immunologic
response or food hypersensitivity,when caused by an immunologic
response.We do not yet know what exactly causes food allergen
absorption to determine intestinal or skin sensitivity (6).The
most common immunologic mechanism involved in all forms of
food allergy is immediate hypersensitivity type I, since it is
possible to observe specific IgE antibodies for food in serum
(1) (6).However,other types of food allergies were recognized
as involving immunopathologic reactions as types III and IV (6)
(11) (12) (13).
Allergens ingested with food, called trophoallergens, are still
difficult to identify and vary in different geographical areas based
on how pets are fed.The most allergenic food is those high in
protein content, although the list of food varies depending on
the animal's eating habits.The types of food eaten most often
and for the longest period of time are those most probably
responsible for causing hypersensitivity (1).The ingredients
involved in food intolerance in dogs are beef, bovine milk and
cereal.The cases studied regarding cats are a limited number so
we cannot fully determine which diet elements are involved and
which exactly protein causes allergy (2).
The food additives usually incriminated are mostly haptens,small
molecules that become allergenic when linked to a “carrier”
protein.The most commonly used additives in industrially
prepared pet foods are: sodium disulphate, sodium glutamate,
azoici (food colouring),sodium arginate,vegetable gum,proylenic
glycol and etossiquina (1).Even storage mites,found in industrially
prepared dry food,can be one of the main reasons carnivores
are sensitised by oral ingestion (1).In most cases,itch represents
the most evident clinical sign,but other symptoms can be present
as well:eritema,blubbles,facial dermatitis,external unilateral or
bilateral otitis (3).Clinical manifestations in the conjuctival area
of the eye are: hyperaemia, conjunctival chemosis, epiphora,
intense itch and eye rubbing (4).Allergy-causing agents are not
always identified, but the absence of other allergens and a
response to therapy confirms a suspect diagnose (6). Food
allergy diagnosis is mainly based on clinical improvement evaluation
(reduced itch) after following an elimination diet and a relapse
(12-72 hours later) when the animal is exposed to his previous
diet.The suggested administration period is minimum 28 days
(6).
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS
The aim of this study was to verify all the effects a pet food
based on fish, pineapple and ginseng can have on conjunctival
allergic reactions.
For this research we have selected cats and dogs presenting
allergic conjunctivitis symptoms such as:conjunctival hyperaemia,
chemosis,epiphora,and evident itch also involving the eyelids
Eye symptoms in some cases represent the only visible clinical
manifestation, in some other cases, instead, it was associated
to other skin or gastro-intestinal hypersensitivity problems.
All subjects examined have undergone an ophthalmic evaluation
during which much attention was devoted to measuring tear
production (measured with the Schirmer Test), tear duct
accessibility and lachrymal film quality.Cornea and conjunctiva
state,hyperaemia intensity and conjunctival chemosis,presence
of edema or corneal neovascularisation and its transparency
were evaluated by a slit lamp microscope exam and direct
ophthalmoscope. In order to judge eye sufferance level and
superficial corneal wounds we used colouring (Bengal pink
and fluorescence) as an auxilium.The cytological exam of the
conjunctiva and of the cornea by cytobrushing is necessary to
determine the type of inflammation present and the existence
of secondary bacterial infections.All subjects have undergone
from day 0 to day 30 (first to last medical examination) a diet
as therapy (FORZA10 Medium Regular Diet pet food
based on fish, pineapple and ginseng).After this period we
reintroduced their previous diet to veri fy any eventual clinical
signs.Clinical evaluations took place after 10 and after 30 days
from the first examination (day 0). For every check-up the
evaluation criteria were: SchirmerTest, lachrymal film quality,
conjunctival hyperaemia intensity, presence of itch in the
periocular area and relation with other clinical signs when skin
problems are also present.
0 day
20 day
4. EPIPHORA:
DOGS: on day 0 88.4% manifested serosal epiphora (initial
Schirmer value 17-26 mm). After 10 days of hypoallergenic
diet the epiphora decreased in 54.3%,while in 19.5% it cleared
completely.After 30 days of diet clinical results were the
following:in 65.2% the epiphora disappeared,in 13% it decreased,
while in 21.7% there was no difference.
CATS: 52.6% of the subjects had serosal discharge on the
first examination.during the check-up after following the diet
for 10 days eye discharge decreased in 50% and in 10% the
symptom completely disappeared; at the end of the study
epiphora decreased in 80% and disappeared in another 80%.
CONJUNCTIVITIS
DOGS: 86.5% of the examined subjects had conjunctivitis
on day 0. During check-up on day 10 after following a fish
based diet,the conjucntival inflammation decreased in intensity
in 35.5%. After 30 days all symptoms disapeared in 84.4%.
Epiphora in the dog: results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
65,22%21,74%
13,04%
Epiphora
in the
dog
Epiphora
Schirmer
17-26 mm
day 0
day 10
day 30
46/52
9/46
10/46
Epiphora
reduced
Schirmer
14-23 mm
-
25/46
6/46
Epiphora
absent
Schirmer
14-16 mm
6/52
9/46
30/46
Epiphora
increased
-
3/46
-
Epiphora in the dog: results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
19,57% 19,57%6,52%
54,35%
Epiphora
in the
cat
Epiphora
Schirmer
17-26 mm
day 0
day 10
day 30
10/19
3/10
2/10
Epiphora
reduced
Schirmer
14-23 mm
-
5/10
4/10
Epiphora
absent
Schirmer
14-16 mm
9/19
1/10
4/10
Epiphora
increased
-
1/10
-
Epiphora in the cat: results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
20%40%
40%
Epiphora in the cat: results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
10% 30%10%
50%
Conjuntivitis in the dog: results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
15,56%
84,44%
Conjuncti-
vitis in
the dog
Hyperemia
chemosis
day 0
day 10
day 30
45/52
13/45
7/45
Hyperemia
chemosis
reduced
-
16/45
-
Hyperemia
chemosis
absent
7/52
16/45
38/45
Hyperemia
increased
-
-
-
Conjuntivitis in the dog: results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
35,56% 28,89%
35,56%
CLINICAL RESULTS
71 subjects were examined, of which 52 dogs and 19 cats, of different ages, sex and breeds all presenting allergy symptoms
and ocular flogosis,with red conjunctiva,serosal epiphora,blepharitis,itchy eyelids and in some cases dermatological symptoms
such as ceruminous otitis and dermatitis.
5. CATS: 84.2% presented hyperaemia and chemosis during
their first examination. On day 10 in 25% of the subjects a
decrease in symptoms was visible and in 37.5% symptoms
disappeared. At the end of the observation period conjunctitivis
disappeared in 81.25%.
BLEPHARITIS AND PERIOCULAR ITCH
DOGS: 65.3% of the subjects on day 0 presented periocular
itch and inflamed eyelids.After following the diet for 10 days,
blepharitis decreased in 23.5% and disappeared in 58.8%.After
30 days another 11.7% of dogs improved their condition while
82.3% healed completely.
CATS: 73.6% presented periocular itch and blepharitison
day 0. After 10 days of dieting in 42.8% there was a decrease
in eyelid inflammation and in 14.2% it disappeared completely.
After 30 days another 14.2 % improved and 64.2% healed
completely.
Conjuncti-
vitis in
the cat
Hyperemia
chemosis
day 0
day 10
day 30
16/19
6/16
-
Hyperemia
chemosis
reduced
-
4/16
3/16
Hyperemia
chemosis
absent
3/19
6/16
13/16
Hyperemia
increased
-
-
-
Conjuntivitis in the cat: results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
18,75%
81,25%
Conjuntivitis in the cat: results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
37,50%
25%
37,50%
Blepharitis
in the
dog
present
day 0
day 10
day 30
34/52
6/34
2/34
reduced
-
8/34
4/34
absent
18/52
20/34
28/34
increased
-
-
-
Blepharitis
in the
cat
present
day 0
day 10
day 30
14/19
6/14
3/14
reduced
-
6/14
2/14
absent
5/19
2/14
9/14
increased
-
-
-
Blepharitis in the cat: results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
14,29% 64,29%
Blepharitis in the cat: results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
14,29%
42,86%
42,86% 21,43%
Blepharitis in the dog: results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
5,88%
82,36%
Blepharitis in the dog: results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
58,82%
23,53%
17,65% 11,76%
6. EYE AND SKIN SYMPTOMS
DOGS: 69.2% of the subjects presented eye and skin symptoms
on the first visit.77.7% of these subjects improved after following
the diet for 10 days and after 30 days in 77.7% the symptoms
disappeared altogether.
CATS: 31.3% presented eye and skin symptoms on day 0.
66.6% improved after following the diet for 10 days. 83.3%
healed completely at the enf of the observation period.
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
The nutritional therapy,consisting of a fish,pineapple and ginseng
petfood(FORZA10 Medium Regular Diet)wasaremarkable
aid for symptom regression (eye inflammation and dermatological
problems).We observed a slight decrease in itching and flogistic
component.
Subjects with eye discharge and conjunctivitis better responded
to therapy rather than those with epiphora as the only symptom.
Reintroducing the animal's previous diet caused a relapse within
3 days in almost cases.The first symptom to reappear in the
majority of cases was periocular or general itch;only in a few cases
the first symptom was excessive tear discharge.
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Textbook of veterinary internal medicine diseases of the dog and cat. 4th ed.
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Allergic skin diseases of dog and Cats ed. Sauders, Philadelphia 1997. 5. Priehs
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Eye and
skin
symptoms
in the dog
day 0
day 10
day 30
36/52
8/36
1/36
-
26/36
7/36
16/52
2/36
28/36
-
-
-
Eye/skin symptons in the dog:results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
2,78%
77,78%
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
5,56%
72,22%
22,22% 19,44%
day 0
day 10
day 30
6/19
2/6
-
-
3/6
1/6
13/19
1/6
5/6
-
-
-
Eye/skin symptons in the cat:results during the days 30
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
83,33%
Eye/skin symptons in the cat:results during the days 10
unchanged reduced
disappeared increased
6,67%
50,00%
33,33% 16,67%
Eye and
skin
symptoms
in the cat
Eye/skin symptons in the dog:results during the days 10
present reduced absent increased
present reduced absent increased
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