The document provides information about the popliteal fossa, posterior compartment of the leg, and sole of the foot. It defines the popliteal fossa as a diamond-shaped space behind the knee with boundaries formed by specific muscles. The contents of the popliteal fossa and posterior leg compartment are listed, including vessels, nerves, and muscle groups. Details are given on the layers, muscles, nerves and vessels of the sole of the foot. The document also outlines the bones forming the foot arches and movements of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
a mixed slide of limbs applied anatomy.Thanks to some slideshare gurus like Dr. Salman Khan and Muahammad Ramzan Ul Rehman .this is just a collection of information which I have made for the medical community.
a mixed slide of limbs applied anatomy.Thanks to some slideshare gurus like Dr. Salman Khan and Muahammad Ramzan Ul Rehman .this is just a collection of information which I have made for the medical community.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Lecture 18 popliteal fossa anatomy lower limb
1. Please check our Editing File.
Popliteal Fossa,
Posterior Compartment
of leg & Sole of foot
Lecture 18
{ُﻪُﺒْﺴَﺣ َﻮُﻬَﻓ ِﻪاﻟﻠ َﻰﻠَﻋ ْﻞَﻛﻮَﺘَﻳ ْﻦَﻣَو}
ﻟﻠﻤﺬاﻛﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻋﻦ ﯾﻐﻨﻲ ﻻ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ھﺬا
2. Objectives
● The location, boundaries & contents of the popliteal fossa
● The contents of posterior fascial compartment of Leg.
● The structures hold by retinacula at ankle.
● Layers forming in the sole of foot & bone forming the arches of the foot.
3. Popliteal Fossa
Definition :
Is a diamond-shaped, intermuscular space
at the back of knee .
Boundaries :
Laterally Above : biceps femoris.
Laterally Below : lateral head of
gastrocnemius & plantaris
Medially Above : semitendinosus &
semimembranosus.
Medially Below : medial head of gastrocnemius.
Roof (ﻓوق ﯾﻛون ﺷرط )ﻣو ﻣﻐطﯾﮫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﮫ ﯾﻘﺻد: Skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia of
the thigh.
Floor: popliteal surface of femur, posterior ligament of knee
joint and popliteus muscle.
وﯾﺣده اﻟرﻛﺑﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ اﻟﺟزء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﻛل ﻣﻌﯾن ﻓراغ ﯾوﺟد
: ﻋﺿﻼت أرﺑﻌﺔ
ﻋﺿﻼت ﻣن وﺗﻌﺗﺑر biceps femoris ﻓوق ﻻﺗرال
. hamstring muscles
. hamstring ﻣن اﻟﺛﻧﺗﯾن اﻟﺳﯾﻣﻲ اﻟﻌﺿﻼت ﻓوق ﻣﯾدﯾﺎل
واﺣد راﺳﯾن وﻟﮭﺎ gastrocnemius ﻋﺿﻠﺔ ﻓﯾﮫ ﺗﺣت اﻟﻠﻲ
ﺑﻌد ﺗﺣت اﻟﻼﺗرال ﻣﻊ وﯾﻛون ﻻﺗرال واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﯾدﯾﺎل
plantaris
4. Contents : (From medial to lateral) 6 structures
Popliteal vessels(artery & vein) → Small saphenous vein →
Tibial nerve → Common peroneal nerve → Posterior
cutaneous nerve of thigh → Connective tissue & popliteal
lymph nodes.
The deepest structure is popliteal artery.
Popliteal Fossa
5. Contents of The posterior fascial compartment of the leg
The deep transverse fascia or
transverse intermuscular septum
of the leg is a septum that divides the
muscles of the posterior compartment
into superficial and deep groups.
Contents: **no veins
1.Superficial group of muscles
2.Deep group of muscles
3.Posterior tibial artery
4.Tibial nerve
اﻟﻰ Leg اﻟـ ﯾﻘﺳم Interosseous membrane ﻋﺎم ﺑﺷﻛل
posterior اﻟـ و anterior and posterior compartment
ﺑواﺳطﺔ ﻗﺳﻣﯾن اﻟﻰ ﯾﻧﻘﺳﻣون compartment
. deep and اﻟﻰ transverse intermuscular septum
. superficial
Interosseous = اﻟﻌظﺎم ﺑﯾن
intermuscular = اﻟﻌﺿﻼت ﺑﯾن
6. Superficial group
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
Gastrocnemius Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur
& medial head from above medial condyle
Posterior surface of calcaneum
via tendo calcaneus
Tibial
Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes
knee joint
Plantaris Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur Posterior surface of calcaneum Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes
knee joint
Soleus Shafts of tibia and fibula Posterior surface of calcaneum
via tendo calcaneus
Together with gastrocnemius and
plantaris,it is a powerful plantar flexor of
ankle joint; provides main propulsive force
in walking and running
lateral
condyle
medial
condyle
7. Deep group
Popliteus Groove on Lateral surface of lateral condyle of
femur (Intracapsular)
Post surface of shaft of tibia above soleal line
Tibial
Flexes knee joint : Unlocks knee joint by lateral rotation of
femur on tibia(or slight medial rotation of leg which
accompanies the flexion)
Flexor digitorum
longus
Posterior surface of shaft of tibia Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar Flexes foot at
ankle joint; Supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches
Flexor hallucis
longus
Posterior surface of shaft of fibula Base of distal phalanx of big toe Flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint;
supports medial longitudinal arch
Tibialis
posterior
Posterior surface of shafts of tibia and fibula
and interosseous membrane
Tuberosity of navicular bone and other
neighboring tarsal bones, except talus
Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and
transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch
origin insertion nerve action
muscle
8. Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery:
It is one of the terminal branches
of the popliteal artery.
Tibial nerve
It is the larger terminal branch
of the sciatic nerve in the lower
1/3 of the back of the thigh
9. Flexor Retinaculum
Extends from back
of medial malleolus
to medial side of
calcaneum.
Structures passing posterior to
medial malleolus, deep to flexor
retinaculum:
Medial to lateral :
1- Tibialis posterior tendon
2- Flexor digitorum longus tendon
3- Posterior tibial artery with venae
comitantes
4- Tibial nerve
5- Flexor hallucis longus tendon
(All the tendons are surrounded by
a synovial sheath)
“Tom, Dick And Nervous Harry”
10. Sensory Nerve supply
The sensory nerve
supply to the skin
of the sole of the
foot is derived
from:
Lateral plantar nerve
innervate the lateral
third of the sole.
Tibial nerve
innervates the medial
side of the heel.
Medial plantar nerve
innervate the medial
two thirds of the sole
11. Sole of the foot
- The skin of the sole of the foot is
thick and hairless.
- The skin of the sole shows a few
flexure creases at the sites of skin
movement.
- Sweat glands are present in large
numbers.
- The plantar aponeurosis is a
triangular thickening of the deep
fascia that protects the
underlying nerves, blood
vessels, and muscles.
- Its apex is attached to the
medial and lateral tubercles of
the calcaneum.
- The base of the aponeurosis
divides into five slips that pass
into the toes.
Deep fascia
12. Muscles of the sole of the foot
The muscles of the sole are conveniently described in four layers from superficial to deep
First
Layer
Second
Layer
1- Abductor hallucis
2- Flexor digitorum
brevis
3- Abductor digiti
minimi
1 2
3
1- Quadratus plantea
2- Lumbricals (4 muscles)
3- Flexor digitorum
longus tendon*
4- Flexor hallucis longus
tendon*
1
2
(TEAM436)
*Only the TENDON
not the muscle
To remember: only
the even layers have
tendons (2,4)
13. Muscles of the sole of the foot cont
Third
Layer
Fourth
Layer
1-Flexor hallucis brevis
2-Adductor hallucis
3-Flexor digiti minimi brevis
1-Interossei, (3 plantar + 4
dorsal).
2-Peroneus longus tendon,
3-Tibialis posterior tendon
14. Fibrous Flexor Sheaths
the inferior surface of each toe, from the head of
the metatarsal bone to the base of the distal
phalanx, is provided with a strong fibrous sheath
which is attached to the sides of the phalanges.
the fibrous sheath, together with the inferior
surfaces of the phalanges and the
interphalangeal joints, forms a blind tunnel in
which lie the flexor tendons of the toe.
15. Synovial Flexor Sheaths
the tendons of the flexor hallucis
longus and the flexor digitorum longus
are surrounded by synovial sheaths.
16. Movement of
Metatarsophalangeal
joints
flexion
1-flexor digitorum
brevis
2-lumbricals
3-interossei
4-flexor hallucis brevis
5-flexor hallucis longus
6-flexor digiti minimi
brevis
7-flexor digitorum longus
extension
1-extensor hallucis longus
2-extensor digitorum longus
3-extensor digitorum brevis
adduction
1-adductor hallucis
2-planter interossei
abduction
1-abductor
hallucis
2-abductor digiti
minimi
3-dorsal
interossei
muscles in bold are chiefly responsible for the movement, the other muscles assist them
17. Movement of
Interphalangeal
joints
flexion
1-flexor hallucis
longus
2-flexor digitorum
longus
3-flexor digitorum
brevis
4-quadratus plantae
extension
1-extensor hallucis
longus
2-extensor digitorum
longus
3-extensor digitorum
brevis
muscles in bold are chiefly responsible for the movement, the other muscles assist them
18. Medial and lateral plantar arteries and nerve
The medial plantar artery is the
smaller & lateral plantar artery is the
larger of the terminal branches of the
posterior tibial artery
● The medial plantar nerve is a
terminal branch of the tibial nerve.
● The lateral plantar nerve is a
terminal branch of the tibial nerve.
(1st lumbrical )
