The document discusses the muscles of mastication - the muscles involved in chewing. It describes the anatomy, development, functions and clinical significance of the main muscles - the masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. Conditions involving the muscles like myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, trismus and benign masseteric hypertrophy are also covered. The muscles of mastication are important for prosthodontists to consider during treatments like impression making and recording jaw relations.
this presentation describes the detail anatomy of Temporo-mandibular joint with respect to its articulating surfaces, ligaments, muscles and blood and nerve supply.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
this presentation describes the detail anatomy of Temporo-mandibular joint with respect to its articulating surfaces, ligaments, muscles and blood and nerve supply.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. The TMJ is a bilateral synovial articulation between the mandible and temporal bone. The name of the joint is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jawbone or mandible.
There are six main components of the TMJ.
Mandibular condyles
Articular surface of the temporal bone
Capsule
Articular disc
Ligaments
Lateral pterygoid
Basics about TMJ ( development fuction movement etc ) with classification of tmj disorders and stress on tmj examination.
Also covers muscles of masstication
This seminar explains about the development, relations, ligaments, various attachments, vascular and nervous supply and various surgical approaches and its modifications to TMJ
The applied anatomy of temporomandibular joint has many significant applications in maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these important anatomic relations- variations enables surgeons to perform the surgical procedures safely. Knowledge of these concepts helps us to recognize the problems and complications as and when they occur and manage them accordingly.
The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. The TMJ is a bilateral synovial articulation between the mandible and temporal bone. The name of the joint is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jawbone or mandible.
There are six main components of the TMJ.
Mandibular condyles
Articular surface of the temporal bone
Capsule
Articular disc
Ligaments
Lateral pterygoid
Basics about TMJ ( development fuction movement etc ) with classification of tmj disorders and stress on tmj examination.
Also covers muscles of masstication
This seminar explains about the development, relations, ligaments, various attachments, vascular and nervous supply and various surgical approaches and its modifications to TMJ
The applied anatomy of temporomandibular joint has many significant applications in maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these important anatomic relations- variations enables surgeons to perform the surgical procedures safely. Knowledge of these concepts helps us to recognize the problems and complications as and when they occur and manage them accordingly.
As we know that the muscles play an important role in stability and support of a prosthesis,hence we should be well learned about their peripheries and actions.
Mastication is a harmonious and skillful activity which requires the presence and co ordination of not only the muscles of mastication but also the supra infra-hyoid muscles, and the facial muscles
BASIC MUSCLES:
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Muscles of mastication
Introduction
Definitions
Development
Classification
Description of individual muscles
Muscles of facial expression
Introduction
Development
Classification
Description of individual muscles
Applied aspects
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
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Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
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Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
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This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
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is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEVELOPMENT
• ANATOMY
• ACTIONS
• INNERVATIONS AND VASCULATURE
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND APPLIED ASPECTS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
• Muscle - an organ that by contraction produces
movements of an animal; a tissue composed
of contractile cells or fibers that effect movement
of an organ or part of the body.
• Mastication - is defined as the process of chewing
food in preparation for swallowing and digestion.
4. Development
Muscles of mastication develop from the
mesoderm of the first pharyngeal arch.
They are innervated by the Mandibular
division of the trigeminal nerve. But the
posterior belly of digastric muscle
develops from second brachial arch and
supplied by facial nerve.
5. Functionally, the muscles
of mastication are classified as
Jaw elevators Jaw depressors
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Anterior digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
6. Traditionally four powerful muscles and are called as
muscles of mastication.
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid &
Lateral pterygoid
11. Short rectangular muscle.
Has a superficial layer, middle layer and deep
layer.
Superficial fibres pass downwards and
backwards at 45 degrees
Deep fibres pass vertically downwards
MASSETER MUSCLE
12. Superficial layer
Origin : from anterior 2/3 rd of zygomatic arch
and adjoining zygomatic process of maxilla.
Insertion : angle and lower posterior half of
lateral surface of mandibular ramus.
13. Middle layer
• Origin : from medial aspect of anterior 2/3rds of
zygomatic arch and from the lower border of
posterior third.
• Insertion : into the centre part of the ramus of the
mandible.
14. Deep layer
Origin : from the whole length of deep surface of
the zygomatic arch.
Insertion : into upper part of mandibular ramus and
its coronoid process.
15. Relations
Superficial : skin , platysma , risorius ,
zygomaticus major , parotid gland .
Deep : temporalis and mandibular ramus ,
masseteric nerve and artery .
Posterior margin : overlapped by parotid
gland .
Anterior margin projects over buccinator and
crossed below by facial vein.
16.
17.
18. Actions
Elevates mandible to occlude teeth in
mastication .
lateral movements of the mandible for
efficient chewing and grinding of the food.
unilateral chewing.
Retraction of the mandible.
20. Palpation
The patient is asked to clench their teeth and,
using both hands, the practitioner palpates
the masseter muscles on both sides
extraorally, making sure that the patient
continues to clench during the procedure.
Palpate the origin of the masseter
bilaterally along the zygomatic arch
and continue to palpate down the body of
the mandible where the masseter is attached
21.
22. Clinical Importance of Masseter
Muscle of Mastication
On Denture border
An active masseter muscle will create a
concavity in the outline of the distobuccal border
and a less active muscle may result in a convex
border.
In this area the buccal flange must converge
medially to avoid displacement due to
contraction of the masseter muscle because the
muscle fibers in that area are vertical and
oblique.
23. Activation of massetric notch and
distal areas
• Instruct the patient to open wide and then to
close against the resting force of your finger.
24. Opening wide activates the muscles
of pterygo-mandibular raphe by stretching,
which thereby defines the most distal
extension.
Instructing the patient to close
against your fingers on the tray
handle causes masseter muscle to
contract and push against the
medially situated buccinator
muscle.
25. Temporalis
• Fan shaped muscle
• Begins lateral development in the 8th week
occupying the space anterior to otic capsule, as the
temporal bone begins to ossify in the 13th week ,
muscle attaches to it.
26. Arises from the whole of the temporal fossa and from
the deep surface of temporal fascia.
27.
28. • Fibres converge and descend into a tendon which
passes through gap between zygomatic arch and side
of the skull and attaches to medial surface , apex ,
anterior and posterior borders of the coronoid
process and anterior border of the mandibular ramus
almost to the last molar teeth.
29.
30.
31. Relations
• Superficial : skin , auriculares anterior and
superior , temporal fascia , superficial temporal
vessels , auriculotemporal nerve , temporal
branches of facial nerve , zygomaticotemporal
nerve , epicranial aponeurosis, zygomatic arch
and masseter.
• Deep : temporal fossa , lateral pterygoid ,
superficial head of the medial pterygoid ,
buccinator , maxillary artery , deep temporal
nerves and buccal nerve and vessels.
32.
33. Nerve supply
• Deep temporal branches of anterior trunk of
mandibular nerve .
Blood Supply
• Deep temporal artery
34.
35. Actions
• Elevation of the mandible
• Retraction of the mandible.
• Crushing of food between the molars.
• Posterior fibers draw the
mandible backwards after it has been
protruded.
• It also contributes side to side grinding
movement.
36. Palpation
• To locate the muscle ,ask the patient to clench.
• Apply two pounds of pressure
37. • The anterior region is palpated above the zygomatic
arch and anterior to the TMJ
• The middle region is palpated directly above the
TMJ and superior to the zygomatic arch
• The posterior region is palpated above and behind
the ear.
38. Clinical Importance of Temporalis
Muscle:
• Sudden contraction of temporalis muscle will
result in coronoid fracture, which is rare.
• The patient is instructed to close and move his
mandible from side to side and then
immediately asked to open wide.
• The side to side motion records the activity
of the coronoid process in a closed
position whereas opening causes the coronoid
to sweep past the denture periphery.
39. LATERAL PTERYGOID
Short thick muscle , 2heads.
Upper head – arises from infratemporal surface and
infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid .
Lower head – lateral surface of lateral ptergyoid plate.
40.
41. Insertion : Depression in the front of
neck of the mandible , articular
capsule and disc of TMJ.
42. Relations
• Superficial : mandibular ramus , maxillary
artery tendon of temporalis and masseter.
• Deep : upper part of medial pterygoid ,
sphenomandibular ligament , middle
meningeal artery and mandibular nerve.
• Upper border : temporal and massetric
branches of mandibular nerve
• Lower border : lingual ,inferior alveolar nerves
and middle meningeal artery
43.
44. Structures passing through the gap between the 2 heads :
Maxillary artery
Buccal branch of mandibular nerve .
45. Nerve supply
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve.
Blood supply
Pterygoid branch of Maxillary artery
Actions:
SUPERIOR HEAD
Active during power stroke; which is closure of mandible
against resistance such as chewing, clenching the teeth
together.
INFERIOR HEAD
Depresses the mandible to open mouth, with suprahyoid
and infrahyoid muscle.
46. PALPATION OF THE LATERAL
PTERYGOID
Placing the forefinger, or the little finger, over the
buccal area of the maxillary third molar region and
exerting pressure in a posterior, superior, and medial
direction behind the maxillary tuberosity.
47. Clinical Importance of Lateral Pterygoid Mus
Most commonly involved muscle in MPDS
Unilateral failure of lateral pterygoid muscle
to contract results in deviation of the
mandible toward the affected side on
opening.
Bilateral failure results in limited opening, loss
of protrusion and loss of full lateral deviation.
49. Origin
• Superficial head: originates from the maxillary
tuberosity and the pyramidal process of palatine
bone.
50. Deep head originates from the medial surface of
the lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process
of palatine bone.
51. Insertion :Roughned area of the medial surface of
the angle and adjoining ramus of mandible, below
and behind the mandibular foramen and mylohyoid
groove.
52. Relations
• Lateral surface : mandibular ramus
sphenomandibular ligament , maxillary artery
, inferior alveolar vessels and nerve , lingual
nerve and parotid gland .
• Medial surface: tensor veli palitini ,
styloglossus , stylopharyngeus and areolar
tissue.
53.
54. Nerve Supply
• Mandibular nerve
Blood supply
• Pterygoid branch of Maxillary artery
Actions
• Elevates the mandible,
• Helps in side to side movement
55. Palpation of medial pterygoid
• Gently palpate them on the medial aspect of t
he
jaw, simultaneously from both inside and outsi
de the mouth.
56. Clinical Importance of Medial
Pterygoid Muscle:
• Medial Pterygoid muscle can be palpated only
intra-orally.
• Most commonly involved in MPDS.
• Trismus following inferior alveolar nerve block
is mostly due to involvement of medial
pterygoid muscle.
64. MYOFACIAL PAIN DYSFUNCTION
SYNDROME
• Myofacial pain is a regional myogenous pain condition
characterized by local areas of firm, hypersensitive bands of
muscle tissue known as trigger points.
• First described by Travell and Rinzler in 1952.
• In 1969, Laskin described MPDS.
• Laskin’s cardinal signs:
1. Muscle tenderness
2. Pain
3. Clicking or propping noise in TMJ
4. Limited jaw movement.
65. Masseter muscle
• Trigger points in superficial layer of the muscle
refers to posterior mandibular and maxillary
teeth, the jaw, and the face.
• Deep portion refers to ear and TMJ
• Moderate restriction of opening assosiated
with ipsilateral deflection of the midline incisal
path observed.
66. Temporalis muscle
• Reference zone : maxillary teeth and upper portion of the
face.
• Headache and toothache are common complaints
Medial Pterygoid muscle
• Reference zone : posterior part of mouth and throat, TMJ and
infra auricular areas.
• Throat pain and infra auricular pain are common.
• Moderate restriction of mouth opening.
• Contralateral deflection of the midline incisal path.
• Pain source is accentuated by opening widley and biting
firmly.
67. Lateral pterygoid muscle
• INFERIOR LP
• Trigger points in the TMJ region.
• Slight acute malocclusion of ipsilateral posterior
teeth and premature occlusion of contralateral
anterior teeth.
• SUPERIOR LP
• Referred to zygomatic area
• Diffuse pain in the malar area
68. Treatment
• Pain control (salicylates)
• Tranquilizers ( Diazepam 2-5mg at bedtime)
• Anti depressents
• Sedatives and hypnotics
• Tongue exercise
• Mouth opening exercise
• Hot packs
• Electrical stimulation (TENS)
• Anesthesia
• Surgery : eminectomy, zygomectomy, menisectomy,
high condylectomy
70. TRISMUS
• Trismus is defined as the significant restriction in mouth
opening due to spasm of masticatory muscles.
• Also called as locked jaw.
• Kazanjian divided ankylosis into true and false ankylosis.
• True kind is attributed to the pathologic conditions of the
joint.
• False kinds is applied to restrictions of movement resulting
from extra articular joint abnormalities. This is referred to
as trismus.
71. • Normal mouth opening :
Males : 39-70mm
Females : 36-56mm
Lateral movement :8-12mm
Reduced mouth opening observed
72. CAUSES
• Masticatory space Infections
• Inflammation of muscles of mastication
• Acute Pericoronitis
• Peritonsillar abscess
• TMJ disorders
• OSMF
• Trauma
• Iatrogenic
• Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
73. Treatment
• Heat therapy : consists of placing moist hot towels on the
affected area for 15–20 minutes every hour.
• Analgesics
• Muscle relaxants :diazepam (10mg bid) or other
benzodiazepine may be prescribed for muscle relaxation.
• Mouth opening exercises
• If trismus is attributed to infections, appropriate antibiotics
need to be administered.
74. Temporal tendonitis
• Chronic strain from temporalis muscle pulling
on tendon that attaches to mandible.
• Causes sharp headaches in temple just to side
of eyes.
75. BENIGN MASSETERIC HYPERTROPHY
• Benign enlargement of muscles of mastication,
especially masseter muscle.
• Muscle enlarges upto three times its usual size.
• Increased bigonial angle
• May also be due to laterally placed ramus of the
mandible. It may not be a true form of BMH.
• Bruxism, TMJ dysfunction, unilateral chewing
maybe etiolgy of BMH.
• Non tender lateral facial mass that enlarges with
clenching of jaw.
79. Conclusion
• The masticatory muscles include a vital part of the
orofacial structure and are important both
functionally and structurally.
• It can be influenced by a variety of factors many
of which are controlled by the practicing
prosthodontist:
• During functional impression making
• Accurate recording of various clinical parameters like
vertical dimension, centric relation.
80. References
Grays Anatomy 37th edition and 38th edition.
Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of
Human Anatomic Variation.
Human anatomy A K Dutta.
Burkits oral medicine diagnosis & treatment 10th
edition.
Textbook of Complete dentures by Charles
M Heartwell.