The document discusses popular music in 19th century America, including minstrel shows, parlor songs, plantation songs, and composers like Stephen Foster and John Philip Sousa. Minstrel shows featured white performers in blackface and helped establish popular song as a commercial genre. They synthesized folk and middle-class styles and used dance music widely. After the Civil War, varied forms of stage entertainment emerged like vaudeville and operetta. Composers like Foster and Sousa wrote songs and marches that celebrated American culture and remained widely popular.

1. Chapter Two Popular Music in the 19 th Century

2. Anglo-American – Americans of English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish ancestry

3. Oral tradition: Passed on by ear

4. Breakdown – up-tempo fiddle tune for dancing

7. Folk elements – songs, fiddle, bones = new sound http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4NEr0SI3vc&feature=related