A simple, precise and accurate multiple analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in bulk and tablet formulations by reversed-phase liquid chromatographic and UV-Visible spectrophotometric techniques. The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 analytical column. A mixture of Methanol 0.1 Ortho-phosphoric acid 75 25 was used as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1mL min and detection wavelength at 295 nm. The retention time of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide was found to be 4.69 and 5.45 min respectively. The linear dynamic ranges for HPLC were from 2-10 µg mL and for simultaneous equation method, derivative spectroscopy, Q-ratio Absorbance method, Dual wavelength it was 10-30 µg mL for both Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide. The percentage recovery obtained for Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide were 100.93 and 102.19 respectively for RP-HPLC, 9.7 and 100.1 for simultaneous equation method of CZ and NIM respectively, 99.97 and 99.78 for derivative spectroscopy of CZ and NIM respectively, 101.37 and 99.48 for Q-ratio Absorbance method of CZ and NIM respectively, 100.13 and 99.96 for dual wavelength method of CZ and NIM respectively. The validation of the proposed methods were carried out for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness. The developed method can be used for routine quality control analysis of titled drugs in combination in tablet formulation. Swetha Yarramsetti | A. Elphine Prabahar | Rama Rao Nadendla "Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21503.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/21503/multiple-method-development-and-validation-for--simultaneous-estimation-of-chlorzoxazone-and--nimesulide-in-bulk-and-pharmaceutical-dosage-form/swetha-yarramsetti
Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of quinapril ...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Quinapril and Tolcapone tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a Mixed Phosphate buffer (KH2PO4 +K2HPO4): Acetonitrile 40:60, with detection of 239 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 50 - 150 µg /ml for Quinapril (r2 =0.995) and 62.5- 187.5µg /ml for Tolcapone (r2 =0.999) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim.
The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cardiovascular DrugsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Traditional Kashmiri Recipe “Shangri-Kahwa” as a Stimulant Drink and Effectiv...SriramNagarajan15
The popular recipe “Shangri-kahwa” is an age old home remedy for respiratory and various other problems in almost whole of Kashmir. It is prepared from important spices like liquorice, clove, cinnamon, and cardamom, which have documented health benefits. Information about its use and method of preparation was obtained from group discussions held in some villages of Baramullah district of Jammu and Kashmir. People in these villages believe that Shangri-kahwa is cost effective, delicious, made from easily available ingredients and can be prepared easily at home. Being residents of this area, the authors are aware of the popularity of this magical drink used as a first line of treatment for various ailments at home, particularly during cold days. This recipe is extremely famous in these villages both as a refreshing and stimulant drink, as well as believed to be highly efficacious in respiratory illnesses. It is cost effective and highly palatable. The ingredients of Shangri-kahwa are being used extensively in Unani system of medicine and Ayurveda for almost same indications as the recipe is used. This study was carried out to highlight the effectiveness and focus the attention of the researchers towards this attractive and effective dosage form used as home remedy in Kashmir.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Zolmitript...ijtsrd
In this work the authors have proposed a simple, specific, economic and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of Zolmitriptan as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and in pharmaceutical formulation. The main objective of the current research paper is to To develop simple, precise and accurate RP HPLC method for Zolmitriptan also to validate the developed method as per ICH guideline Q2R1 and to explore the applicability of the method in finished product formulation for estimation of Zolmitriptan during its lifecycle. The objective was achieved by optimized condition with Phonemenex C18 column 150mm×4.6mm , 5µm. And mobile phase Phosphate buffer pH 3.5 85 Methanol 15. The separation was done with a flow rate of 0.9ml min, detection with 224nm. The retention was found to be 3.57 minute. LOD and LOQ were found to be 2.45 and 7.42 respectively. So in order to obtain the correct results various validations methods are performed to get the results. The results obtained from those validation methods are plotted in the form of the charts as well as the different curves. Mr. Rahul M. Sagde | Mr. Pawan N. Karwa | Mr. Vivek M. Thorat | Sanjay S. Jadhav "Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Zolmitriptan by RP HPLC Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26474.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/26474/analytical-method-development-and-validation-for-the-estimation-of-zolmitriptan-by-rp-hplc-method/mr-rahul-m-sagde
Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of quinapril ...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Quinapril and Tolcapone tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a Mixed Phosphate buffer (KH2PO4 +K2HPO4): Acetonitrile 40:60, with detection of 239 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 50 - 150 µg /ml for Quinapril (r2 =0.995) and 62.5- 187.5µg /ml for Tolcapone (r2 =0.999) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim.
The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cardiovascular DrugsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Traditional Kashmiri Recipe “Shangri-Kahwa” as a Stimulant Drink and Effectiv...SriramNagarajan15
The popular recipe “Shangri-kahwa” is an age old home remedy for respiratory and various other problems in almost whole of Kashmir. It is prepared from important spices like liquorice, clove, cinnamon, and cardamom, which have documented health benefits. Information about its use and method of preparation was obtained from group discussions held in some villages of Baramullah district of Jammu and Kashmir. People in these villages believe that Shangri-kahwa is cost effective, delicious, made from easily available ingredients and can be prepared easily at home. Being residents of this area, the authors are aware of the popularity of this magical drink used as a first line of treatment for various ailments at home, particularly during cold days. This recipe is extremely famous in these villages both as a refreshing and stimulant drink, as well as believed to be highly efficacious in respiratory illnesses. It is cost effective and highly palatable. The ingredients of Shangri-kahwa are being used extensively in Unani system of medicine and Ayurveda for almost same indications as the recipe is used. This study was carried out to highlight the effectiveness and focus the attention of the researchers towards this attractive and effective dosage form used as home remedy in Kashmir.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Zolmitript...ijtsrd
In this work the authors have proposed a simple, specific, economic and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of Zolmitriptan as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and in pharmaceutical formulation. The main objective of the current research paper is to To develop simple, precise and accurate RP HPLC method for Zolmitriptan also to validate the developed method as per ICH guideline Q2R1 and to explore the applicability of the method in finished product formulation for estimation of Zolmitriptan during its lifecycle. The objective was achieved by optimized condition with Phonemenex C18 column 150mm×4.6mm , 5µm. And mobile phase Phosphate buffer pH 3.5 85 Methanol 15. The separation was done with a flow rate of 0.9ml min, detection with 224nm. The retention was found to be 3.57 minute. LOD and LOQ were found to be 2.45 and 7.42 respectively. So in order to obtain the correct results various validations methods are performed to get the results. The results obtained from those validation methods are plotted in the form of the charts as well as the different curves. Mr. Rahul M. Sagde | Mr. Pawan N. Karwa | Mr. Vivek M. Thorat | Sanjay S. Jadhav "Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Zolmitriptan by RP HPLC Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26474.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/26474/analytical-method-development-and-validation-for-the-estimation-of-zolmitriptan-by-rp-hplc-method/mr-rahul-m-sagde
Stability indicating method development and validation for the estimation of ...SriramNagarajan18
Stability indicating method development and validation for the estimation of Doxorubicin by using RP-HPLC method in a bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Losartan potassium, hydrochlorothiazide, and their degradationproducts
Method Development and Validation of Naftopidil by Reverse Phase-HPLC in Bulk...SriramNagarajan15
A new simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of Etomidate (ETO) injection. The Method employs Waters HPLC system on Develosil –ods-UG column (300 x 3.9 mm x 5µm) and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with a load of 20 µL. Acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer was used as mobile phase in the composition of 40:60. The Detection was carried out at 254 nm. Linearity ranges for Etomidate was 40-240 µg/ml respectively. Retention Time of Etomidate was found to be 12.061 minutes respectively. Percent recovery study values of Etomidate were found to be within 98-102 %. This newly developed method was successfully utilized for the Quantitative estimation of Etomidate in injectables. This method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and Robustness as per ICH guidelines.
An emerging way of estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide i...Priyanka Bose
An emerging way of estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk & Combined tablet dosage form by Absorbance Correction Method using methanol as solvent system. It is cost effective, highly precised method for estimation.
Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of aspirin an...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Aspirin and Omeprazole in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 30 volumes of ammonium acetate buffer, 40 volumes of acetonitrile and 30 volumes of Methanol with detection of 233 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 18-42 µg/ml for Aspirin (r2 =0.983) and 6-14 µg /ml for Omeprazole (r2 =0.970) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hc...SriramNagarajan15
A simple,specific, sensitive,precise and reproducible Reverse Phase High Performance liquid Chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl. Dutasteride and Tamsulosin is Anti-hyperplasia and Anti-hypertensive drug.The determinationwas carried out byusingsymmetryC-18columnwith Methanol:0.1M Monobasic potassiumdihydrogenphosphate buffer(75:25) Adjusted the pH to 2.5 with Ortho phosporic acid as the mobile phase and with the detection wavelength of274 nmrespectively.The flow rate is 0.7 ml/min.TheRetentiontime of Dutasteride,Tamsulosin Hcl was 2.218 minand 6.599 min respectively.Linearityforthe Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl were found inthe rangeof 25-75µgmand 20-60µgm respectively.The limitof quantificationforbothdrugs wasfound to be30,24µg respectively.The recoveries of Tamsulosin and Dutasteride were found to be inthe range of 99.81-99.90 %and98.00-102.00%, respectively. The proposed method was validated suitably and canbeused for routine analysis. The degradation studies indicated Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl to besusceptible to neutralhydrolysis, while Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl showed degradation inacid, H2O2,photolytic and inpresenceof UV radiation.The degradation productsof Dutasteride andTamsulosin Hcl inacidic and photolytic conditions were well resolved from the pure drug with significant differences in the irretention time values. This method can be successfully employed forsimultaneous quantitative analysis of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl in formulations.
Differential spectrophotometric method for estimation and validation of verap...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to development of the simple, rapid and sensitive Differential spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Verapamil in tablet dosage form. In this method two medium was use acid and alkaline and the difference spectrum was calculated. 0.1N HCL and 0.1N NaOH was used in this differential method. The λmax 278, Beers law limits 5-25µg/ml, regression equation Y= 0.024x-0.009, slope 0.024, intercept 0.09, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.998, %RSD <1.5, % Recovery (Tablet) 100.46% was shows the good efficacy and results. This method future scope in quality control of the verapamil in simple, precise and economically and it recommended for the routine drug quality analysis investigation
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Development and Validation of the HPLC Method for the Analysis of Ametridio...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Simultaneous Equation and Area Under the Curve Spectrophotometric Methods for...BRNSS Publication Hub
Two simple spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of ranolazine hydrochloride in the presence of its base-induced degradation product, namely simultaneous equation method using two wavelengths of 272 and 249 nm method (A) and area under the curve method using two wavelength ranges of 267–277 nm and 244–254 nm method (B). The accuracy, precision, and linearity ranges of the planned methods were firm. The methods were validated and the specificity was assessed by analyzing synthetic mixtures containing the drug and it’s degradant. The two methods were useful for the determination of the cited drug in its pharmaceutical preparation and the obtained results were statistically compared with those of a reported method. The comparison shows that there is no important difference between the proposed methods and the reported method about both accuracy and precision.
Differential spectrophotometric method for estimation and validation of Verap...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to development of the simple, rapid and sensitive Differential spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Verapamil in tablet dosage form. In this method two medium was use acid and alkaline and the difference spectrum was calculated. 0.1N HCL and 0.1N NaOH was used in this differential method. The λmax 278, beeers law limits 525µg/ml, regression equation Y= 0.024x-0.009, slope 0.024, intercept 0.09, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.998, %RSD <1.5, % Recovery (Tablet) 100.46% was shows the good efficacy and results. This method future scope in quality control of the verapamine in simple, precise and economically and it recommended for the routine drug quality analysis investigation.
Stability indicating method development and validation for the estimation of ...SriramNagarajan18
Stability indicating method development and validation for the estimation of Doxorubicin by using RP-HPLC method in a bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Losartan potassium, hydrochlorothiazide, and their degradationproducts
Method Development and Validation of Naftopidil by Reverse Phase-HPLC in Bulk...SriramNagarajan15
A new simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of Etomidate (ETO) injection. The Method employs Waters HPLC system on Develosil –ods-UG column (300 x 3.9 mm x 5µm) and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with a load of 20 µL. Acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer was used as mobile phase in the composition of 40:60. The Detection was carried out at 254 nm. Linearity ranges for Etomidate was 40-240 µg/ml respectively. Retention Time of Etomidate was found to be 12.061 minutes respectively. Percent recovery study values of Etomidate were found to be within 98-102 %. This newly developed method was successfully utilized for the Quantitative estimation of Etomidate in injectables. This method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and Robustness as per ICH guidelines.
An emerging way of estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide i...Priyanka Bose
An emerging way of estimation of Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk & Combined tablet dosage form by Absorbance Correction Method using methanol as solvent system. It is cost effective, highly precised method for estimation.
Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of aspirin an...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Aspirin and Omeprazole in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 30 volumes of ammonium acetate buffer, 40 volumes of acetonitrile and 30 volumes of Methanol with detection of 233 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 18-42 µg/ml for Aspirin (r2 =0.983) and 6-14 µg /ml for Omeprazole (r2 =0.970) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hc...SriramNagarajan15
A simple,specific, sensitive,precise and reproducible Reverse Phase High Performance liquid Chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl. Dutasteride and Tamsulosin is Anti-hyperplasia and Anti-hypertensive drug.The determinationwas carried out byusingsymmetryC-18columnwith Methanol:0.1M Monobasic potassiumdihydrogenphosphate buffer(75:25) Adjusted the pH to 2.5 with Ortho phosporic acid as the mobile phase and with the detection wavelength of274 nmrespectively.The flow rate is 0.7 ml/min.TheRetentiontime of Dutasteride,Tamsulosin Hcl was 2.218 minand 6.599 min respectively.Linearityforthe Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl were found inthe rangeof 25-75µgmand 20-60µgm respectively.The limitof quantificationforbothdrugs wasfound to be30,24µg respectively.The recoveries of Tamsulosin and Dutasteride were found to be inthe range of 99.81-99.90 %and98.00-102.00%, respectively. The proposed method was validated suitably and canbeused for routine analysis. The degradation studies indicated Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl to besusceptible to neutralhydrolysis, while Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl showed degradation inacid, H2O2,photolytic and inpresenceof UV radiation.The degradation productsof Dutasteride andTamsulosin Hcl inacidic and photolytic conditions were well resolved from the pure drug with significant differences in the irretention time values. This method can be successfully employed forsimultaneous quantitative analysis of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl in formulations.
Differential spectrophotometric method for estimation and validation of verap...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to development of the simple, rapid and sensitive Differential spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Verapamil in tablet dosage form. In this method two medium was use acid and alkaline and the difference spectrum was calculated. 0.1N HCL and 0.1N NaOH was used in this differential method. The λmax 278, Beers law limits 5-25µg/ml, regression equation Y= 0.024x-0.009, slope 0.024, intercept 0.09, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.998, %RSD <1.5, % Recovery (Tablet) 100.46% was shows the good efficacy and results. This method future scope in quality control of the verapamil in simple, precise and economically and it recommended for the routine drug quality analysis investigation
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Development and Validation of the HPLC Method for the Analysis of Ametridio...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Similar to Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Simultaneous Equation and Area Under the Curve Spectrophotometric Methods for...BRNSS Publication Hub
Two simple spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of ranolazine hydrochloride in the presence of its base-induced degradation product, namely simultaneous equation method using two wavelengths of 272 and 249 nm method (A) and area under the curve method using two wavelength ranges of 267–277 nm and 244–254 nm method (B). The accuracy, precision, and linearity ranges of the planned methods were firm. The methods were validated and the specificity was assessed by analyzing synthetic mixtures containing the drug and it’s degradant. The two methods were useful for the determination of the cited drug in its pharmaceutical preparation and the obtained results were statistically compared with those of a reported method. The comparison shows that there is no important difference between the proposed methods and the reported method about both accuracy and precision.
Differential spectrophotometric method for estimation and validation of Verap...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to development of the simple, rapid and sensitive Differential spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Verapamil in tablet dosage form. In this method two medium was use acid and alkaline and the difference spectrum was calculated. 0.1N HCL and 0.1N NaOH was used in this differential method. The λmax 278, beeers law limits 525µg/ml, regression equation Y= 0.024x-0.009, slope 0.024, intercept 0.09, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.998, %RSD <1.5, % Recovery (Tablet) 100.46% was shows the good efficacy and results. This method future scope in quality control of the verapamine in simple, precise and economically and it recommended for the routine drug quality analysis investigation.
Bioanalytical Validated LC-MS Method for Determination of Naproxen in Human P...IJMTST Journal
Naproxen is an anti-inflammatory drug belongs to the category of analgesics and antipyretics. Naproxen
has the ability to bind and inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins and produces anti-inflammatory effect.
Naproxen also inhibits COX-II which is involved in the inflammation. Bioanalytical method for naproxen has
been developed using human plasma. Standard stock solution of naproxen was prepared using methanol.
Zidovudine was used as internal standard. The linearity of the proposed method was developed in the range
between 100 and 10000 ng/ml. The slope of the curve was found to be 111.46 and intercept was 6395.2 and
correlation coefficient was 0.999. The proposed method was evaluated with validation parameters like
accuracy, precision and stability. The developed method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
The drug or drug combination may not be official in any pharmacopoeias.
A proper analytical procedure for the drug may not be available in the literature due to patent regulations.
Analytical methods may not be available for the drug in the form of a formulation due to the interference caused by the formulation excipients.
Analytical methods for the quantitation of the drug in biological fluids may not be available.
Analytical methods for a drug in combination with other drugs may not be available.
The existing analytical procedures may require expensive reagents and solvents. It may also involve cumbersome extraction and separation procedures and these may not be reliable.
Development and Validation of Novel RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Nalo...Bhavana Gundavarapu
The RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of Naloxegol in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was validated with regard to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. The method was applied successfully for the determination of Naloxegol during kinetic studies in aqueous solutions (pH and thermal degradation).
New RP HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of sulbactum and ceftriaxo...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Sulbactum and Ceftriaxone tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of mixture of 60 volumes of 20mM Phosphate buffer pH 3.5: 40 volumes of Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) with detection of 210 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 30-70 µg /ml for Sulbactum (r2 =0.9998) and 60-140µg /ml for Ceftriaxone (r2 =0.9983) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...SriramNagarajan15
A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of escitalopram (ESP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Kromosil (250x4.6)mm 5µ with flow rate of 1ml/ min by using JASCO PU-1580 and UV/VIS JASCO UV-1570 at 238 nm. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and 5mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) in the ratio 30:20:50 respectively. The retention time for escitaloparm was found to be 5.36 minutes respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9997 (ESP). The mean percentage recovery was found to be 101.86 respectively. The % estimation of the drugs was found near to 100 % representing the accuracy in the method. The proposed method was also validated and applied for the analysis of drugs in tablet formulation.
Method development and validation of escitalopram and estizolam in tablet dos...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Escitalopram oxalate and Etizolam in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 30 volumes of ammonium acetate buffer, 40 volumes of acetonitrile and 30 volumes of Methanol with detection of 238 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 60-140 µg/ml for Escitalopram oxalate (r2 =0.999) and 6-14 µg /ml for Etizolam (r2 =0.996) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim.
The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
Similar to Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
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Multiple Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21503 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 944
Multiple Method Development and Validation for
Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Swetha Yarramsetti, A. Elphine Prabahar, Rama Rao Nadendla
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
A simple, precise and accurate multiple analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of
Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in bulk and tablet formulations by reversed-phase liquid chromatographic and UV-Visible
spectrophotometric techniques. The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 analytical column. A mixture of
Methanol: 0.1% Ortho-phosphoric acid (75:25) was used as mobile phase, at a flowrateof 1mL/minand detectionwavelength
at 295 nm. The retention time of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide was found to be 4.69 and 5.45 min respectively. The linear
dynamic ranges for HPLC were from 2-10 µg/mL and for simultaneous equation method, derivative spectroscopy, Q-ratio
Absorbance method, Dual wavelength it was 10-30 µg/mL for both Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide. The percentage recovery
obtained for Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide were 100.93 and 102.19 % respectively for RP-HPLC, 9.7 % and 100.1 % for
simultaneous equation method of CZ and NIM respectively, 99.97 % and 99.78 % for derivative spectroscopy of CZ and NIM
respectively, 101.37 % and 99.48 % for Q-ratio Absorbance method of CZ and NIMrespectively,100.13 %and99.96 %for dual
wavelength method of CZ and NIM respectively. The validation of the proposed methods were carried out for linearity,
accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness. The developed method can be used for routine
quality control analysis of titled drugs in combination in tablet formulation.
Keywords: Chlorzoxazone, Nimesulide, RP-HPLC, Uv-spectroscopy, derivative spectroscopy, Q-ratio
Absorbance, Dual wavelength
INTRODUCTION
Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting central muscle relaxant
with sedative properties. It is 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,3-
benzoxazol-2-one, which act by inhibiting calcium and
potassium influx which would lead to neuronal inhibition
and muscle relaxation. Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2
selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
with analgesic andantipyretic properties. Chemically it is N-
(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl) methane sulphonamide.
Figure: 1 Structure of Chlorzoxazone
Figure: 2 Structure of Nimesulide
In this paper we have reported some of the analytical
methods for the simultaneous determination of
Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide. Literature survey reveals
only RP-HPLC and UV-spectroscopy for the simultaneous
determination of the drugs in bulk or in the combined
dosage forms and no spectroscopic methods such as
Absorbance Ratio Method, Dual Wavelength Method and
Derivative Spectroscopic Method. The method is described
as new, simple, fast, rapid, accurate, efficient, reproducible
for the development and validation analysisofsimultaneous
estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in
pharmaceutical dosage form as per ICH guildelines.
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
Chemicals and reagents used:
The reference standards of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide
was procured from Aurbindo Pharma Limited, Hyderabad,
India. Chemicals such as Acetonitrile, Methanol, Ortho-
phosphoric acid and Dipotassium hydrogen Phosphate that
were used for the chromatographic procedures are HPLC
grade of Merck. Water for HPLCwasused forthepreparation
of mobile phase. Pharmaceutical dosage form manufactured
by Gracure PharmaceuticalLimited,(brand name- Nimox) by
the composition of Nimesulide-100 mg and Chlorzoxazone-
250 mg was used for the study.
Instrumentation:
LABINDIA-UV 3092 UV/VIS spectrophotometer and HPLC
system (AGILENT HPLC Model-1220 Infinity-LC with
Ezchromelite Software) with gradient elution containing C
18 column with UV-detector were used.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21503 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 945
Chromatographic conditions:
The column used for chromatographic separations was C 18
(4.6 i.d., 250 mm length, 5 µm particle size). The analytical
wavelength was set at 295 nm and samples of 20µl was
injected manually. Chromatographic separations were
performed by the mobile phase composition of Methanol :
0.1% Ortho-phosphoric acid (75:25) which is filtered
through 0.22 µm membrane filters and degassed in the
ultrasonic bath. Mobile phase was injected through isocratic
conditions with the flow rate of about 1ml/min.
Preparation of standard and sample solutions:
The standard solutions of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide
was prepared by dissolving 10mg of drug in 3mland10ml of
HPLC grade methanolrespectivelyandthe volumewasmade
upto 10ml with HPLC grade water. Linear dynamic ranges
for HPLC was prepared from 2-10 µg/mL by the standard
solutions.
Concentration ranges of about 10-30 µg/mL for both
Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide was prepared with distilled
water and scanned at the UV range againstblanksolution for
simultaneous equation method, derivative spectroscopy, Q-
Ratio Absorbance and Dual wavelength methods.
For the sample preparation 10tablets weretaken pulverized
and weight equivalent to 10mg was taken and dissolved in
10ml of HPLC grade methanol. The solution was further
diluted with HPLC grade water to get the concentration of
8µg/ml.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
FOR HPLC:
The standard solutions of both Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide were scanned in the UV range of 200-400 nm
against the blank solutionand thewavelengthof295nmwas
found to show appreciable absorbance for both the drugs.
Many trails were performed by the change of different
columns, mobile phase and their ratios out of which a
suitable method was developed by the C18 column, mobile
phase of Methanol: 0.1% Ortho-phosphoric acid (75:25),
with the flow rate of about 1 ml/min and the run time of
7min. Peaks were eluted and showed better resolution,
theoretical plate count and asymmetry was found at 4.69
and 5.45 min respectively for Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide. The chromatogramof both thedrugswas shown
in the Figure 3.
Figure 3: Chromatogram of Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide.
FOR SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION METHOD:
The standard solutions of both Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide were scanned in the UV range and the
wavelength was found to be 280 nm and 390 nm
respectively. Calibration curves were plotted for both the
drugs with the concentration range of 10-30 µg/mL.
Absorption spectrum for both the drugs was shown in the
Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively. The absorbance and
absorptivity values at particular wavelengths were
submitted in the following equation to obtain the
concentration.
Cx = (A2ay1-A1ay2)/ (ax2ay1-ax1ay2)
Cy = (A1ax2-A2ax1)/ (ax2ay1-ax1ay2)
Where,
Cx = concentration of CZ
Cy = concentration of NIM
A1 = absorbance of samples at 280 nm.
A2 = absorbance of samples at 390 nm.
ax1 is the absorptivity of CZ at 280 nm.
ax2 is the absorptivity of CZ at 390 nm.
ay1 is the absorptivity of NIM at 280 nm.
ay2 is the absorptivity of NIM at 390 nm.
Figure 4: Spectrum of Chlorzoxazone at 280 nm.
Figure 5: Spectrum of Nimesulide at 390 nm.
FOR SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC FIRST DERIVATIVEZERO-
CROSSING METHOD:
Working standard stock solutions were scanned in the UV
range (215-400 nm), the absorption spectra thus obtained
were derivatized to first order and from the overlain spectra
of both drugs wavelengths were selected.
First order derivativespectrawasdetermined forbothdrugs
as shown in the Figure 6-7. zero crossing point was at 244
nm and 388 nm for Chlorzoxazone and nimesulide
respectively.From the overlain spectra of both the drugs
wavelengths selected for quantization were 388nm for CZ
(Zero crossing point of NIM) and 244 nm for NIM (Zero
crossing point of CZ). The calibration curves for CZ and NIM
was plotted in the concentration range of 10-30µg/ml at
wavelengths of 244 nm and 388 nm respectively.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21503 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 946
Figure 6: first order derivative overlain spectra of
Chlorzoxazone at 244 nm.
Figure 7: first order derivative overlain spectra of
Nimesulide at 388 nm.
FOR Q-RATIO ABSORBANCE METHOD:
From the overlain spectrum of both the drugs isoabsorptive
point for the drugs was found to be 268 nm.The
concentration of two drugs in the mixture was calculated by
using following equations.
CX = (QM – QY)*A1 / (QX – QY)* aX1
CY = A1/ aX1 - CX
Where A1 and A2 are absorbance’s of the mixture at 280nm
and 390nm respectively; aX1 and aY1 areabsorptivitesof CZ
and NIM respectively at 280nm and aX2 and aY2 are
absorptivites of CZ and NIM respectively at 390nm.
QM = A2/A1, QX = AX2/AX1 and QY = AY2/AY1.
Overlain spectrum of the drugs was shown in the Figure 8.
Figure 8: Overlain spectra of CZ and NIM showing Iso-
Absorptive point at 268nm
FOR DUAL WAVELENGTH METHOD:
10µg/ml concentration of both the drugs were scanned in
the UV range and from the overlain spectra of both thedrugs
279nm and 289nm was selected as λ1 and λ2 for estimation
of CZ where NIM shows the same absorbance at this
wavelength. Similarly, wavelengths386nmand 398nmwere
selected as λ1 and λ2 for estimation
of NIM where CZ shows the same absorbance at these
wavelengths.Overlain spectrumfordualwavelength method
was shown in the Figure 9.
Figure 9: Spectrum of Dual wavelength method
METHOD VALIDATION:
LINEARITY:
The Linearity of analytical method is its ability to obtain test
results, which are directly proportional to the concentration
of analyte in the test sample. It is evaluated by analyzing a
series of different concentrations ranging between 2-10
µg/ml and 10-30 µg/ml of both CZ and NIM for HPLC and
other methods respectively. Calibration graphswereplotted
and linear relationship was established.
PRECISION:
The precision of the analytical method was studied by
analysis of multiple sampling of homogenous sample,
expressed as %RSD. Method Reproducibility was
demonstrated by repeatability and intermediate precision
measurements. The repeatability (within in the day) and
intermediate precision (for 3 days) was carried for each
compound. The obtained results within and between days
trails are in acceptable range indicatinggoodprecisionof the
proposed method.
ACCURACY:
The accuracy of an analytical method is the closeness of test
results obtained by that method compared with the true
values. To confirm the accuracy of the proposed method,
recovery experiments were carried outbystandard addition
technique. The accuracy of the method was carried out by
adding by known amounts of each drug corresponding to
three concentration levels, 80, 100 and 120% of the label
claim along with the excipients in triplicate. The samples
were given the same treatment as described in sample
preparation. The percentage recoveries of CZ and NIM at
each level and each replicate were determined. The mean of
percentage recoveries (n=3) and the relative standard
deviation was calculated. It was confirmed from results that
the method is highly accurate.
LIMIT OF DETECTION AND LIMIT OF QUANTIFICATION:
Calibration curve was repeated for 5 times and the standard
deviation (SD) of the intercepts was calculated for UV and
Chromatogram signals obtained with known low
concentrations of analytes was compared with thesignals of
blank samples, a signal- to- noise ratio 3:1 and 10:1 is
considered for calculating LOD and LOQ respectively for
HPLC.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21503 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 947
ROBUSTNESS:
The robustness of the method was determined by making
slight changes in the chromatographic conditions. The
robustness of the proposed HPLC method was assessed for
peak resolution and symmetric factor. The parameters
investigated are Apparent pH of the mobile phase, Mobile
phase organic content, Mobile phase flow rate, Detection
wave length.
SYSTEM SUITABILITY:
System precision was determined on six replicate injections
of standard preparation all important characteristics
including %RSD, resolution (between CZ and NIM), tailing
factor and theoretical plate number were measured.
ASSAY OF TABLETS:
Applicability of the method was tested by analyzing the
commercially available formulations containing the binary
mixture of CZ and NIM. The values of % recovery from
formulations are found to be very close to each other as well
as to the label value of commercial pharmaceutical
formulation.
Results for the validation parameters for all themethodsare
shown in Tables
Table 1:Simultaneous estimation of Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide by HPLC
Parameters Chlorzoxazone Nimesulide
Linearity 2-10µg/mL 2-10µg/mL
Equation Y=mx Y = 1E+06x Y = 229436x
Correlation coefficient 0.9914 0.9948
LOD (µg/mL) 0.633 0.304
LOQ (µg/mL) 1.90 0.912
Precision Intraday 0.346 1.66
Precision Interday 0.403 1.93
Theoretical plates 9880 10773
Asymmetry 0.99 1.02
Retention time 5.467 4.720
% Recovery 100.93 102.19
Amount found in
formulation(mg)
249.5 102.09
Table 2: Simultaneous estimation of Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide using simultaneous equation method
Parameters
Chlorzoxazone
(280 nm)
Nimesulide
(390 nm)
Linearity 10-30µg/mL 10-30µg/mL
Equation (y=mx) y = 0.025x y = 0.024x
Correlation coefficient 0.996 0.998
LOD (µg/mL) 3.33 3.57
LOQ (µg/mL) 10 10.71
Precision Intraday 0.561 0.389
Precision Interday 0.524 0.457
% Recovery 99.7 100.01
Amount found in
formulation(mg)
248.89 99.23
Table 3: Spectrophotometric first derivative Zero-
crossing method for simultaneous estimation of
Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide
Parameters
Chlorzoxazone
(244 nm)
Nimesulide
(388 nm)
Linearity 10-30µg/mL 10-30µg/mL
Equation (y=mx) y = 0.026x y = 0.0207x
Correlation coefficient 0.993 0.9913
LOD (µg/mL) 3.95 3.66
LOQ (µg/mL) 10.94 9.98
Precision Intraday 0.4315 0.441
Precision Interday 0.430 0.853
% Recovery 99.97 99.78
Amount found in
formulation(mg)
250.14 99.89
Table 4: Q-Absorbance Ratio method for the simultaneous
estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide
Parameters
Chlorzoxazone
(268 nm)
Nimesulide
(268 nm)
Linearity 10-30µg/mL 10-30µg/mL
Equation (y=mx) y = 0.0298x y = 0.0029x
Correlation coefficient 0.992 0.997
LOD (µg/mL) 3.75 3.66
LOQ (µg/mL) 10.25 9.98
Precision Intraday 0.361 1.67
Precision Interday 0.540 1.745
% Recovery 101.37 99.48
Amount found in
formulation(mg)
250.15 99.85
Table 5: Dual wavelength method for simultaneous
estimation of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide
Parameters Chlorzoxazone Nimesulide
Linearity 10-30µg/mL
10-30
µg/mL
Equation (y=mx) y = 0.0003x y = 0.0028x
Correlation coefficient 0.9924 0.997
LOD (µg/mL) 3.41 3.63
LOQ (µg/mL) 10.23 9.89
Precision Intraday 1.96 1.696
Precision Interday 1.258 1.66
% Recovery 100.13 99.96
Amount found in
formulation (mg)
248.98 99.63
CONCLUSION
All the proposed spectrophotometric and chromatographic
methods were found to be simple, sensitive, accurate and
precise for the determination of Chlorzoxazone and
Nimesulide in the pharmaceuticaldosageform.Themethods
utilizes easily available and less economical solvent for
analysis of Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide hence the
methods were economical for the estimation of
Chlorzoxazone and Nimesulide in synthetic mixture.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21503 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 948
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