A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of escitalopram (ESP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Kromosil (250x4.6)mm 5µ with flow rate of 1ml/ min by using JASCO PU-1580 and UV/VIS JASCO UV-1570 at 238 nm. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and 5mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) in the ratio 30:20:50 respectively. The retention time for escitaloparm was found to be 5.36 minutes respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9997 (ESP). The mean percentage recovery was found to be 101.86 respectively. The % estimation of the drugs was found near to 100 % representing the accuracy in the method. The proposed method was also validated and applied for the analysis of drugs in tablet formulation.
VALIDATED LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINA...Manik Ghosh
A simple, highly sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of metolazone in rat plasma using irbesartan as internal standard (IS). After simple protein precipitation extraction by acetonitrile, the analyte and IS were extracted from 50 μL plasma sample on an Agilent Poroshell 120, EC- C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d., 2.7 μm) column using 5μL injection volume with a total run time of 2 min. Acidified methanol/water mixture was used as a mobile phase. The parent/product ion transitions for metolazone (m/z 366.1/258.9) and IS (m/z 429.2/207.0) were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring and positive ion mode. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.05 – 200 metolazone. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability according to accepted regulatory guidelines. The described method was successfully applied to preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of analytes after an oral administration of metolazone (1 mg/kg) in rats.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
VALIDATED LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINA...Manik Ghosh
A simple, highly sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of metolazone in rat plasma using irbesartan as internal standard (IS). After simple protein precipitation extraction by acetonitrile, the analyte and IS were extracted from 50 μL plasma sample on an Agilent Poroshell 120, EC- C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d., 2.7 μm) column using 5μL injection volume with a total run time of 2 min. Acidified methanol/water mixture was used as a mobile phase. The parent/product ion transitions for metolazone (m/z 366.1/258.9) and IS (m/z 429.2/207.0) were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring and positive ion mode. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.05 – 200 metolazone. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability according to accepted regulatory guidelines. The described method was successfully applied to preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of analytes after an oral administration of metolazone (1 mg/kg) in rats.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Development and Validation of Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Method for ...IOSR Journals
A simple, precise and reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and it is validated for estimation of losartan in bulk drug. Losartan is use for treatment of hypertension. The separation was achieved on Acquity BEH C18 1.7μ, (2.1 X 100) mm, analytical column with mobile phase consisted of buffer (adjust pH 3.0 of water with dilute formic acid) : Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) at isocratic flow of 0.3ml/min with UV detection wavelength was at 230 nm. The method was successfully validated in accordance to ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity. The linear regression analysis data for calibration plots showed good linear relationship in the concentration range 25-75μg/mL for losartan. The % Recovery/Accuracy was within the range between 98% and 102%. The percentage RSD for precision method was found to be less than 2%. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of losartan in bulk samples
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
New RP HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and aspiri...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Rosuvastatin and Aspirin tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using mobile phase consisting of A mixture of 60 volumes of 20mM Phosphate buffer pH 3.5: 20 volumes of Acetonitrile and 20 voulmes of Methanol. With detection of 232 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 12-28 µg /ml for Rosuvastatin (r2 =0.9977) and 90-210 µg /ml for Aspirin (r2 =0.9953) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing % RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
N,N-Diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine (also known as 5-MeO-DALT or colloquially as Foxtrot) is a lesser-known psychedelic substance of the tryptamine class that produces short-lived psychedelic effects when administered. It is structurally related to tryptamines like 5-MeO-DiPT and DALT, although it is reported to produce distinct effects.
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Development and Validation of Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Method for ...IOSR Journals
A simple, precise and reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and it is validated for estimation of losartan in bulk drug. Losartan is use for treatment of hypertension. The separation was achieved on Acquity BEH C18 1.7μ, (2.1 X 100) mm, analytical column with mobile phase consisted of buffer (adjust pH 3.0 of water with dilute formic acid) : Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) at isocratic flow of 0.3ml/min with UV detection wavelength was at 230 nm. The method was successfully validated in accordance to ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity. The linear regression analysis data for calibration plots showed good linear relationship in the concentration range 25-75μg/mL for losartan. The % Recovery/Accuracy was within the range between 98% and 102%. The percentage RSD for precision method was found to be less than 2%. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of losartan in bulk samples
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
New RP HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and aspiri...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Rosuvastatin and Aspirin tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using mobile phase consisting of A mixture of 60 volumes of 20mM Phosphate buffer pH 3.5: 20 volumes of Acetonitrile and 20 voulmes of Methanol. With detection of 232 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 12-28 µg /ml for Rosuvastatin (r2 =0.9977) and 90-210 µg /ml for Aspirin (r2 =0.9953) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing % RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
N,N-Diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine (also known as 5-MeO-DALT or colloquially as Foxtrot) is a lesser-known psychedelic substance of the tryptamine class that produces short-lived psychedelic effects when administered. It is structurally related to tryptamines like 5-MeO-DiPT and DALT, although it is reported to produce distinct effects.
https://brcshops.com/product/5-meo-dalt/
Haemolysis effect of Mefenamic Acid 250 mg Capsule in Bio analysis by liquid ...IOSR Journals
A rapid, simple and specific method for estimation of Mefenamic acid in human plasma was validated using Indomethacin as internal standard. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from plasma using simple solid phase extraction. The compound were separated on a reverse-phase column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 2 mM Ammonium Acetate in Water and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. The ion transition recorded in multiple reaction monitoring mode were m/z 240.1 196.0 for Mefenamic acid and m/z 356.1312.0 for internal standard. Linearity in plasma was observed over the concentration range 35.000 – 7000.000 ng/mL for Mefenamic acid. The cv of the assay was 4.89 % to 5.98 % and accuracy was 99.36 to 102.20 % Intra and Interday respectively at LLOQ level. The validated method was applied to bioequivalence study of 250 mg Mefenamic acid in 28 healthy human volunteers. Total 50 samples from individual volunteers identified as Haemolyzed which were analyze initial and repeat again to cross check the method reproducibity for Haeamolysis effect and compared which found acceptable range
Method development and validation of escitalopram and estizolam in tablet dos...SriramNagarajan19
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Escitalopram oxalate and Etizolam in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 30 volumes of ammonium acetate buffer, 40 volumes of acetonitrile and 30 volumes of Methanol with detection of 238 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 60-140 µg/ml for Escitalopram oxalate (r2 =0.999) and 6-14 µg /ml for Etizolam (r2 =0.996) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim.
The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF TELMISARTAN AND METOPROLOL SUCCINATE IN TABLET...Jing Zang
An accurate and precise liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and metoprolol succinate in tablets. The chromatographic analysis was performed on Nucleosil C18 Column (250*4.6mm 5µ particle size) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH- 2.8) in the ratio 60:40v/v, at a flow rate of 0.8ml/min and eluents monitored at 220nm. The retention time for telmisartan was found to be 3.392 and for metoprolol succinate it was found to be 5.221 minutes. The proposed method is simple, accurate and precise and could be successfully employed in routine quality control for the simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and metoprolol succinate in tablets.
RP-HPLC Assay Method Validation for the estimation of new Anti-retroviral dru...SriramNagarajan15
A Reverse phase HPLC method was developed for estimation of the Lamivudine in bulk and tablet formulation by using ODS column (250mm×4.6mm, 5µm) and Acetate buffer: acetonitrile (50:50) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.5ml/min. The detection was carried at the 272nm the retention time of the Lamivudine is 1.850. The developed method was validated for the various parameters as per the ICH guidelines like accuracy precision, linearity and range, Robustnes. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 10µg/ml to 50µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies at three different concentration levels. The percentage recovery of Lamivudine was found to be in the range of 98% -102%. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability, inter-day, intra-day analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. Key words: RP-HPLC, Lamivudine, Pharmaceutical dosage form.
RP-HPLC Assay Method Validation for the estimation of new Anti-retroviral dru...SriramNagarajan15
A Reverse phase HPLC method was developed for estimation of the Lamivudine in bulk and tablet formulation by using ODS column (250mm×4.6mm, 5µm) and Acetate buffer: acetonitrile (50:50) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.5ml/min. The detection was carried at the 272nm the retention time of the Lamivudine is 1.850. The developed method was validated for the various parameters as per the ICH guidelines like accuracy precision, linearity and range, Robustnes. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 10µg/ml to 50µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies at three different concentration levels. The percentage recovery of Lamivudine was found to be in the range of 98% -102%. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability, inter-day, intra-day analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. Key words: RP-HPLC, Lamivudine, Pharmaceutical dosage form.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cardiovascular DrugsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Zolmitript...ijtsrd
In this work the authors have proposed a simple, specific, economic and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of Zolmitriptan as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and in pharmaceutical formulation. The main objective of the current research paper is to To develop simple, precise and accurate RP HPLC method for Zolmitriptan also to validate the developed method as per ICH guideline Q2R1 and to explore the applicability of the method in finished product formulation for estimation of Zolmitriptan during its lifecycle. The objective was achieved by optimized condition with Phonemenex C18 column 150mm×4.6mm , 5µm. And mobile phase Phosphate buffer pH 3.5 85 Methanol 15. The separation was done with a flow rate of 0.9ml min, detection with 224nm. The retention was found to be 3.57 minute. LOD and LOQ were found to be 2.45 and 7.42 respectively. So in order to obtain the correct results various validations methods are performed to get the results. The results obtained from those validation methods are plotted in the form of the charts as well as the different curves. Mr. Rahul M. Sagde | Mr. Pawan N. Karwa | Mr. Vivek M. Thorat | Sanjay S. Jadhav "Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Zolmitriptan by RP HPLC Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26474.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/26474/analytical-method-development-and-validation-for-the-estimation-of-zolmitriptan-by-rp-hplc-method/mr-rahul-m-sagde
Formulation, characterization and Evaluation of Transdermal Film Containing N...SriramNagarajan15
Transdermal drug delivery system has numerous advantages over the more traditional drug delivery systems. This includes high bioavailability, steady drug plasma concentration, absence of first pass hepatic metabolism effect. Transdermal film is an adhesive film that has a coating of a drug that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of the drug into the bloodstream over a period. The aim of present study an attempt was made to design the transdermal drug delivery system of naproxen with Ethyl Cellulose polymer in various concentrations. Transdermal films were prepared by solvent casting method by using Dibutylpthalate as plasticizer. The prepared films were characterized in physical appearance, thickness, drug content, weightvaration, Folding endurance, percentage moisture uptake and in-vitro release study.
Traditional Kashmiri Recipe “Shangri-Kahwa” as a Stimulant Drink and Effectiv...SriramNagarajan15
The popular recipe “Shangri-kahwa” is an age old home remedy for respiratory and various other problems in almost whole of Kashmir. It is prepared from important spices like liquorice, clove, cinnamon, and cardamom, which have documented health benefits. Information about its use and method of preparation was obtained from group discussions held in some villages of Baramullah district of Jammu and Kashmir. People in these villages believe that Shangri-kahwa is cost effective, delicious, made from easily available ingredients and can be prepared easily at home. Being residents of this area, the authors are aware of the popularity of this magical drink used as a first line of treatment for various ailments at home, particularly during cold days. This recipe is extremely famous in these villages both as a refreshing and stimulant drink, as well as believed to be highly efficacious in respiratory illnesses. It is cost effective and highly palatable. The ingredients of Shangri-kahwa are being used extensively in Unani system of medicine and Ayurveda for almost same indications as the recipe is used. This study was carried out to highlight the effectiveness and focus the attention of the researchers towards this attractive and effective dosage form used as home remedy in Kashmir.
Antibacterial activity on leaf extracts of Syzgium jambalonamSriramNagarajan15
The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from the Methanol, Acetone extracts were examined for their activities against pathogenic microorganism (Proteus vulgaris, Staphyloccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E.coli). The most of the incidence of infections caused by pathogenic microorganism in our routine life and the importance of using novel synergistic drug has become important. In the present study enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing solvent extracts of Syzgium jambalonam. These MIC were compared with well known antibacterial plant of Neem extract (Biological source-Azadirachta indica, Family-Meliaceae).
Bilayer tablet is new era for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. Bi-layer tablets developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single dosage form (bilayer tablet) has increased in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patient convenience and compliance. For a variety of reasons: patent extension, therapeutic, marketing to name a few. To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop and produce such tablets. This article explains why the development and production of quality bi-layer tablets needs to be carried out on purpose-built tablet presses to overcome common bi-layer problems, such as layer-separation, insufficient hardness, inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross-contamination between the layers, reduced yield, etc. Using a modified tablet press may therefore not be your best approach to producing bilayer tablet under GMP-condition. Especially when in addition high production output is required.
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Bulk and Pharmaceuti...SriramNagarajan15
Rosuvastatin calcium of the class statins is used for primary hyperlipidemias. It is a selective and competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. In the present work, simple, sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method has been developed for quantitative determination of Rosuvastatin calcium. In the present spectrophotometric method Rosuvastatin calcium was dissolved in double distilled water. It exhibited an absorption maximum at 241 nm and obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 5-25g/ml. The results of analysis have been validated and found to be sensitive, precise and accurate for quantitative determination of Rosuvastatin calcium in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotom...SriramNagarajan15
The reagent was synthesized and characterization was carried out by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis as well as Mass spectrometry. The synthesized reagent was then applied for the development of the analytical method for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II). Cobalt metal forms pale yellow coloured complex, which can be extracted in chloroform at pH 9.4 having absorption maxima at 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1-8.00 μg. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s Sensitivity of the extracted species are 7.1724 X 103 Lit mol-1 cm-2 and 8.2165 X 10-3μg cm-2 respectively. The developed method is highly sensitive, selective, simple, rapid, accurate, and has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of cobalt in the synthetic mixtures, pharmaceutical samples, and alloys.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hc...SriramNagarajan15
A simple,specific, sensitive,precise and reproducible Reverse Phase High Performance liquid Chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl. Dutasteride and Tamsulosin is Anti-hyperplasia and Anti-hypertensive drug.The determinationwas carried out byusingsymmetryC-18columnwith Methanol:0.1M Monobasic potassiumdihydrogenphosphate buffer(75:25) Adjusted the pH to 2.5 with Ortho phosporic acid as the mobile phase and with the detection wavelength of274 nmrespectively.The flow rate is 0.7 ml/min.TheRetentiontime of Dutasteride,Tamsulosin Hcl was 2.218 minand 6.599 min respectively.Linearityforthe Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl were found inthe rangeof 25-75µgmand 20-60µgm respectively.The limitof quantificationforbothdrugs wasfound to be30,24µg respectively.The recoveries of Tamsulosin and Dutasteride were found to be inthe range of 99.81-99.90 %and98.00-102.00%, respectively. The proposed method was validated suitably and canbeused for routine analysis. The degradation studies indicated Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl to besusceptible to neutralhydrolysis, while Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl showed degradation inacid, H2O2,photolytic and inpresenceof UV radiation.The degradation productsof Dutasteride andTamsulosin Hcl inacidic and photolytic conditions were well resolved from the pure drug with significant differences in the irretention time values. This method can be successfully employed forsimultaneous quantitative analysis of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin Hcl in formulations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets in MirtazapineSriramNagarajan15
The present study was undertaken with an aim to development of formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets in mirtazapine. Mirtazapine, Gelatin, Cross Caramellose Sodium, Mannitol, aerosil, magnesium stearate, aspartame, mango flavor and microcrystalline cellulose were used for the preparation of tablets. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for tablets thickness, weight variation, tablet hardness, friability, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F6 can be considered as an ideal or optimized formulation for mouth dissolving tablets of mirtazapine. It can be concluded that mouth dissolving tablet of mirtazapine. Can be successfully formulated and improving its bio availability.
Synthesis and Pharmacological evaluation of new Benzoxozole DerivativesSriramNagarajan15
Benzoxazoles1 are usually prepared by heating 2-Aminophenol with formic acids in the presence of Boric acid under reflux. Condensation of these two substances under milder conditions. Being a heterocyclic compound, benzoxazole finds use in research as a starting material for the synthesis of larger, usually bioactive structures. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as flunoxaprofen. Benzoxazole derivatives are provided a protection against noxious UV radiation.Benzoxazole derivatives are also used in cosmotic compositions, such as for examples mainly cinnamic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid.Benzoxazole derivatives are also used in the optical brighteners.These derivatives are used as Anticonvulsant and Neurotoxicity2 , Anti-inflammatory agents3, “Antibacterial activity”4, Cholesteryl ester transfer Protein inhibitors5, Antimicrobial activity6,7, Antifungal activity’8, Cyclooxygenase inhibitors9, hair treatment products and also used as a skin protectants.
Analytical method Development and Validation for the estimation of Pioglitazo...SriramNagarajan15
This paper describes the analytical method suitable for validation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride by UV Spectrophotometric method. The method utilized UV spectroscopy and the solvent system was consists of 6 N Glacial acetic acid at wave length 270 nm. Validation experiments were performed to demonstrate Specificity, Precision, Linearity, Accuracy, ruggedness. The method was linear over the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml. The Proposed method was simple, sensitive & reliable with good Precise, Accurate, and Reproducible and rapid for the determination of Pioglitazone. The commercial formulations are estimated without interference. Hence this method can be used for routine determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Evaluate the Disinfectant Activity of Some Commercial Preparations by Rideal ...SriramNagarajan15
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare practically achieved disinfection efficacy of some locally available disinfectants on surfaces and infectious microbiological hospital waste. Three disinfectants were tested at concentrations recommended by manufacturers on rough and smooth surfaces that were contaminated experimentally by locally circulating isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multi drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, standard isolate of Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans. Reduction in microbial counts before and after surface disinfection was expressed as log reduction. A very heavy microbial waste load was simulated by immersing culture plates with heavy microbial growth in disinfectants. Daily, a sample of disinfectant was taken and subjected to Rideal-walker test.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological evaluation of substituted Pyrazole...SriramNagarajan15
The work presented in this article consists of synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of substituted pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole derivatives have been shown to have wide variety of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, antihistaminic, antitumor, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant. As combination of biologically active moieties into one molecule and synthesis of totally newer moieties have been the methods of research, we present here synthesis of some novel pyrazole derivatives incorporating various biologically active aryl/aryloxy acid derivatives such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, aceclofenac as well as potent antibacterial quinolones, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.
Estimation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage fo...SriramNagarajan15
A simple, fast and reliable Spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulation. Spectrophotometrically, Pioglitazone hydrochloride was determined by measuring the maximum absorption at 270nm. Analytical Calibration curves were linear within a concentration range from 10 to 50µg/ml. The developed method was applied to directly and easily to the analysis of the pharmaceutical tablet preparations. % R.S.D was found to be 0.51 for piosis 30 mg Tablet. The %R.S.D values for all method validation parameters were found within 2% for the developed method. The method was completely validated. The results showed that this method can be used for rapid determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical tablet formulation with linearity, precision, accuracy specificity.
Synthesis, characterization of certain new heterocyclic hybrids of pyrazoles ...SriramNagarajan15
The work presented in this article consists of synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of substituted pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole derivatives have been shown to have wide variety of pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant. As combination of biologically active moieties into one molecule and synthesis of totally newer moieties have been the methods of research, the present study is an attempt to synthesize some novel pyrazole derivatives, incorporating various biologically active aryl / aryloxy acid derivatives, such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, aceclofenac as well as potent antibacterial quinolones, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory (Carrageenan induced paw oedema method) activity. The results obtained were found to be compatible with standard literature and standard drug employed. Hence, the obtained derivatives can be subjected to further clinical studies to optimize their clinical efficacy.
Lead toxicity due to paint and other industrial sources and contradiction in ...SriramNagarajan15
Lead is one of the oldest known and most widely studied occupational and environmental toxins. Despite intensive study, there is still vigorous debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low-level exposure in the general population owing to environmental pollution and historic use of lead in paint and plumbing and from exposure in the occupational setting. The majority of industries historically associated with high lead exposure have made dramatic advances in their control of occupational exposure. However, cases of unacceptably high exposure and even of frank lead poisoning are still seen, predominantly in the demolition and tank cleaning industries. Nevertheless, in most industries blood lead levels have declined below levels at which signs or symptoms are seen and the current focus of attention is on the subclinical effects of exposure. The significance of some of these effects for the overt health of the workers is often the subject of debate. Inevitably there is pressure to reduce lead exposure in the general population and in working environments, but any legislation must be based on a genuine scientific evaluation of the available evidences. We will discuss in this article about the various Mechanism of actions due to toxicity of the lead.
Synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxicity activities of N-Sulphonamidomethyl benz...SriramNagarajan15
A series of novel N-sulphonamido methyl benztriazole derivatives had been synthesized by combining benztriazole, formaldehyde and sulphonamides. Structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated by spectral analysis. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for in-vitro antiviral activity against HIV, HSV and Vaccinia viruses in cell culture. N-Sulphonamido methyl benzotriazole (BT-SN) inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) -2 and Vaccinia virus at 34 µg/ml, respectively. HSV-1 at the concentration of 45 µg/ml. The minimum cytotoxic concentration was found to be more than 100µg/ml. So these compounds are suitable for designing newer derivatives and molecular modifications in them may help in optimizing antiviral activity.
In-vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system - locomotor a...SriramNagarajan15
Two homologous series of 1, 2-disubstituted benzimidazoles carrying isoindolines (6a-n) were synthesized by mannich type reaction of 2-alkyl benzimidazolyl isoindoline-1,3-dione (4a-b) with different substituted aromatic primary amines (5a-g) using formaldehyde in acid as a condensing agent. The pthalic anhydride (1) and amino acids -glycine, alanine (2a-b) fused at 180° c to give 2-(1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) carboxylic acids (3a-b). These acids undergo cyclization with 1, 2 diaminobenzene yield (4a-b). The structures of the synthesized isoindolines were confirmed by spectral analysis. The synthesized benzimidazolyl isoindoline were screened for their in-vivo antinociceptive activities. Most of the synthesized isoindolines exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Among this isoindolines 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6l, 6k, 6m, 6n were showed appreciable antinociceptive potency. The isoindolines (4a-b) and (6a-n) were screened for their in-vivo central nervous system locomotor activities. Among these tested isoindolines 4a, 4b, 6a, 6b, 6e, 6f were only shows elevated central nervous system depressant potency.
Method Development and Validation of Naftopidil by Reverse Phase-HPLC in Bulk...SriramNagarajan15
A new simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of Etomidate (ETO) injection. The Method employs Waters HPLC system on Develosil –ods-UG column (300 x 3.9 mm x 5µm) and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with a load of 20 µL. Acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer was used as mobile phase in the composition of 40:60. The Detection was carried out at 254 nm. Linearity ranges for Etomidate was 40-240 µg/ml respectively. Retention Time of Etomidate was found to be 12.061 minutes respectively. Percent recovery study values of Etomidate were found to be within 98-102 %. This newly developed method was successfully utilized for the Quantitative estimation of Etomidate in injectables. This method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and Robustness as per ICH guidelines.
Method Development and Validation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate by Reverse Phase-...SriramNagarajan15
A new, simple sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Clopidogrel bisulphate was chromatographed on a reverse phase C18column (150 mm x 4.5 mm, i.d 5μm) in a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH: 3.0) in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 224 nm. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 50-150 μg /ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 1.3 and 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug from the solution was 99.79%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Key words: Clopidogrel bisulphate, RP-HPLC, Validation, Accuracy, Precision.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
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Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram oxalate in tablets.
1. 1
* Corresponding author: N.Ramathilagam.
E-mail address: rtthilagam@gmail.com
IJPAR |Volume 2 | Issue 1 | Jan -Mar- 2013 ISSN: 2320-2831
Available Online at: www.ijpar.com
[Research article]
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of
Escitalopram oxalate in tablets.
*1
N. Ramathilagam, 2
N. Padmaja, 3
H.S.Amarnadh
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Smt Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy,
Mahabubnagar, Andhrapradesh, India.
MRM College of Pharmacy, Hyderabed, Andrapradesh, India.
ABSTRACT
A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and subsequently
validated for simultaneous determination of escitalopram (ESP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Kromosil
(250x4.6)mm 5µ with flow rate of 1ml/ min by using JASCO PU-1580 and UV/VIS JASCO UV-1570 at 238
nm. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and 5mM
ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) in the ratio 30:20:50 respectively. The retention time for escitaloparm was
found to be 5.36 minutes respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9997 (ESP). The mean
percentage recovery was found to be 101.86 respectively. The % estimation of the drugs was found near to 100
% representing the accuracy in the method. The proposed method was also validated and applied for the analysis
of drugs in tablet formulation.
KEYWORDS: HPLC, Escitoparm (ESP), Method development and Validation.
INTRODUCTION
Escitalopram oxalate is chemically S-(+)-1-[3-
(dimethyl-amino) propyl]-1-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-
phthalancarbonitrile oxalate, is selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Escitalopram is the pure
S-enantiomer (single isomer) of the racemic
bicyclic phthalane derivative citalopram1-2
.
Literature survey revealed HPLC,
Spectrophotometric and HPTLC methods were
reported for multicomponent mode analysis but no
validated HPLC method studies of escitalopram in
individually in pharmaceutical preparation have
been found in literature3-19
. The proposed methods
presented here is the simple, fast, accurate, precise,
sensitive, robust, rapid and economic methods for
quantitative determination of escitalopram tablets.
The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
INSTRUMENT
Instrument used in the present study was JASCO.
HPLC. The pump used was JASCO PU-1580
pump. The samples were applied Kromosil
(250x4.6)mm 5µ column with Rhedyne injector.
The sample was performed using UV/VIS JASCO
UV-1570 detector with flow rate 1ml/min and
operated by JASCO LC –NeT II/ADC interface.
The Shimadzu electronic balance (0.001 gm
sensitivity) was used for weighing purpose.
2. 2
N.Ramathilagam et al / Int. J. of Pharmacy and Analytical Research Vol-2(1) 2013 [1-6]
www.ijpar.com
MATERIALS USED
Escitalopram was kindly supplied by Unichem Lab.
Ltd. Mumbai, India. CITA S-10 was taken for
study, which contains Escitalopram-10mg.
Methanol (Merck Ltd., Mumbai, India) and HPLC
grade acetonitrile (Molychem, mumbai), methanol,
ammonium acetate, glacial acetic acid (Finar
chemicals, ahmedabad and HPLC grade water.
Preparation of mobile phase
Acetonitrile: Methanol: 5mM Ammonium acetate
buffer pH (3.0) in the ratio of 30: 20:50 were
mixed, sonicated for 10 minutes and filtered
through the membrane filter of micron 0.45µ.
Preparation of standard solution
10 mg of escitalopram were dissolved in methanol
by sonication and makeup to 10 mL. 1 mL and 10
mL respectively. The worked final concentrations
were prepared 10µg/mL respectively.
Preparation of sample solution
A quantity of tablet powder equivalent to 10 mg
(103.6 mg) was accurately weighed and transferred
to 100 mL volumetric flask, dissolved in few mL
of methanol, sonicated for 15 mints and made up to
the volume by mobile phase acetonitrile: methanol:
5mM ammonium acetate buffer pH (3.0)in the ratio
of 30: 20:50. This will give the concentration of 10
µg of escitalopram per millilitre solution of tablet
sample.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT
Selection of wavelength
Stock solutions of 10mg/ml were prepared for
escitalopram drug in methanol and further diluted
to get the concentration of 10µg/mL for
escitalopram was prepared with methanol. The
wavelength was selected by scanning the above
standard drugs between 200 to 400 nm. The
scanned results showed that reasonably maximum
absorbance for escitolapram and was recorded at
238 nm. Therefore, 238 nm was selected as the
detection wavelength for the HPLC investigation.
[Figure1].
Method
The samples were applied Kromosil (250x4.6)mm
5µ column with Rhedyne injector in reverse
saturation mode using acetonitrile: methanol: 5mM
ammonium acetate buffer pH (3.0)in the ratio of
30: 20:50 as mobile phase with flow rate of 1.0
mL/min. The sample was performed using UV/VIS
JASCO UV-1570 detector with flow rate 1ml/min.
The instrument computes accurate results within
minimal time. The retention time was obtained 5.36
for escitolapram respectively. The result of assay
was reported in the table-1and figure-2.
VALIDATION OF THE METHOD
Accuracy
Accuracy was determined by tablet samples with
different known concentrations of the drug (50%,
100% and 150%). Each concentration was injected
in triplicate and the assay was performed as per the
test method. From this % recovery and the amount
present or recovered were calculated. Results of
recovery study are reported in table-2.
Precision
Standard stock solutions of escitalopram were
prepared in the same manner for the standard
preparation and prepared the mixed standard
solution. This solution containing 10µg/mL of
escitalopram. The repeatability was performed for
three times. Results of precision are reported in
table-3.
Linearity
Linearity was determined in the range of 50-150 %
(50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%) targeted concentration
of assay procedure. five series of standard solutions
containing 5.09,7.64,10.18,12.73 and 15.27 µg/mL
of escitalopram were injected. Linearity of each
drug was observed and response ratio of each drug
was found out linearity of each drug is reported in
table-4 and graph1.
Ruggedness
The above sample prepared solution and diluted to
get the concentration of 10 µg of escitalopram per
millilitre of tablet sample. From this 20 µL was
injected through column separately by two
different analysts in the same HPLC system and
same column. The result was reported in a table -5.
Robustness
The above prepared standard mixture was
determined by the variation of flow rate and
variation of wavelength. The result was reported in
a table -6.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The present study was aimed to develop an
accurate precise and linear HPLC method for
analysis of escitalopram (ESP) and in
3. 3
N.Ramathilagam et al / Int. J. of Pharmacy and Analytical Research Vol-2(1) 2013 [1-6]
www.ijpar.com
pharmaceutical dosage forms as per ICH
guidelines. Escitalopram dosage form showed the
linearity response over range 5.09-15.27 µg/mL.
The correlation coefficient for three drugs was
found to be 0.9997. The recovery studies of these
three drugs were found to be 101.86 (ESP). The
precision % RSD was found to be 0.68 for (ESP)
respectively. The raggedness and robustness were
studied with replicates standard solution of these
drugs, and the result was found to be acceptance
criteria.
Fig-1- Overlain UV spectra of standard
Fig-2- Assay chromatogram of ESP
4. 4
N.Ramathilagam et al / Int. J. of Pharmacy and Analytical Research Vol-2(1) 2013 [1-6]
www.ijpar.com
Graph -1- Linearity chart of standard escitalopram
Table -1- Results of assay
Table -2- Results of recovery studies
Table -3- Results of precision study
Injection No. Retention time Peak area
1. 5.350 400836.000
2. 5.342 402876.563
3. 5.342 406464.000
4. 5.333 403422.750
5. 5.342 407893.500
6. 5.350 406821.250
Avg 5.3432 404719.0105
SD 0.0063 2745.7042
%RSD 0.12 0.68
Name of the drug Amount present per tablet(mg) % of assay
Escitalopram (ESP) 10 101.8
Name of the drug Amount taken (mg) Amount found (mg) % recovery % of mean recovery
Escitalopram (ESP) 5 5.07 100.73 100.50
10 10.18 101.86 100.65
15 15.09 100.95 101.08
5. 5
N.Ramathilagam et al / Int. J. of Pharmacy and Analytical Research Vol-2(1) 2013 [1-6]
www.ijpar.com
Table 4- Results of linearity studies of standard escitalopram
Concentration in µg/mL Standard peak area
5.0 199295
7.5 301794
10.0 404719
12.5 502375
15.0 612389
Table-5-Ruggedness data of analyst – I and II
Analyst Mean of peak area %RSD Recovery Quantity % Recovery
Analyst-I 403392 0.71 10.18 101.86
Analyst-II 404399 0.81 10.34 103.41
Table -6- Robustness study.
Parameters
Variations
Flow rate at
0.8mlmin
Flow rate at
1.2mlmin
Wavelength at
236 nm
Wavelength at 240
nm
Retention Time 6.7 4.4 5.3 5.3
Peak area 507187 328262 377228 399867
CONCLUSION
The proposed method gives good resolution of
escitalopram within short analysis time (7minutes).
The validation parameters are validated, and the
results are complied with in the ICH guidelines.
The method is very simple, specific, accurate, rapid
and precise for the simultaneous determination of
escitalopram dosage form. Therefore, the method
can be used for routine quality control analysis of
these drugs.
REFERENCES
[1] CIMS October-January (2011-2012)Tolterodine, page no: 166.
[2] United States Pharmacopoeia - National Formulary, (24th
) Asian Edition. USA: The United States
Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc; (2000). p. 1428-1435.
[3] Vetrichelvan.T., Arul.K., Sumithra.M., Umadevi.B. 2010. Colorimetric method for the estimation of
escitalopram oxalate in tablet dosage form. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 72(2): 269-271.
[4] Kakde, R. B. and Satone, D. D. 2009. Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of
Escitalopram Oxalate and Clonazepam in Tablet Dosage Form. Indian J Pharm Sci. 71(6): 702–705.
[5] Sonu Sundd Singh, Hiten Shah, Sapna Gupta, Manish Jain, Kuldeep Sharma, Purav Thakkar and Ruchy
Shah. (2004). Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry method for the
determination of escitalopram in human plasma and its application in bioequivalence study. Journal of
Chromatography B. 811(2): 209-215.
[6] Santosh Vilashchand Gandhi, Nilesh Dnyandev Dhavale, Vijay Yeshawantrao Jadhav, Shweta Sadanand
Sabnis. (2008). Spectrophotometric and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic
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www.ijpar.com
Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Escitalopram Oxalate and Clonazepam in Combined Tablet
Dosage Form. Journal of AOAC International. 91(1): 33-38.
[7] Bhanu Raman, Brajesh A. Sharma, Pradeep D. Ghugare, Sanjay Nandavadekar, Dharmendra Singh, Pravin
K. Karmuse. (2010). Structural elucidation of process-related impurities in escitalopram by LC/ESI-MS and
NMR. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 53(4): 895-901.
[8] Snil R. Dhaneshwar, Mahadik, Mahadeo V. Kulkarni, Mahesh J.(2009). Column Liquid Chromatography-
Ultraviolet and Column Liquid Cromatography/Mass Spectrometry Evaluation of Stress Degradation
Behavior of escitalopram oxalate. Jounal of AOAC International. 92(1): 138-147.
[9] Christine Greiner, Christoph Hiemke, Wolfgang Bader and Ekkehard Haen. (2007). Determination of
citalopram and escitalopram together with their active main metabolites desmethyl(es-)citalopram in human
serum by column-switching high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric
detection. Journal of Chromatography B. 848(2): 391-394.
[10]Ravindra Kumar, Y., Ramulu, G., Vevakanand, V.V., Gopal Vaidyanathan, Keesari srinivas, Kishore
Kumar, M., Mukkanti, K., Satyanarayana Reddy, M.,
[11]Beibei Zhang, Zunjian Zhang , Yuan Tian and Fengguo Xu. (2005). High performance liquid
chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric determination of tolterodine tartrate in human
plasma. Journal of Chromatography B 824(1-2): 92-98.
[12] Validation of Compedial Assay- Guidelines’ Pharmacopieal Convention, Rockville, MD, 1985.
[13] ICH guidelines for validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, 1995, p.p1-15.
[14] USP 25-NF 20 (United States Pharmacopieal convention, Rockville, MD, 2002), p.p- 2256
[15] FDA, ‘Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation: Chemistry, Manufacturing, Controls’, Federal
Register (Notices) 65 (1690, 52, 776, -52,777 (August 2000).
[16] International Conference on Harmonization; Draft Guidance on Specifications: Test Procedures and
Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substance and Products: Chemical Substance, Federal Register (notices)
65, (251), 83041-83063 (2000).
[17] Asian Guideline for Validation of Analytical Procedure Adopted from ICH guideline, Q2A27 Oct. 1994
and ICH Q2B, 6th Nov. 1994.
[18] Guideline for Industry Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures, ICH Q2A, 1985, p.no.1-7.
[19] Guidance for Industry Q2B Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology. 1996., P. no. 1-10.
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