This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about the effects of secondary metabolites produced by seed borne pathogens. The questions cover topics such as the origins of terms like mycotoxin, the fungi that produce certain toxins, the conditions favoring toxin production, the effects of mycotoxins, and techniques for detecting mycotoxins. Model answers are provided for each question.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi in the plants before or after harvest, which are capable of producing acute or chronic toxic effects (e.g. carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic) on animals and probably on humans at the levels of exposure.
Several mycotoxins in agricultural products cause health hazards to people and animals and economical problem. Dangerous mycotoxins are naturally present in foods, feeds and our environment. They are pathologically classified as hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, vomitoxin and neuromuscular toxin, some of which are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. Aflatoxin, for example, is the most potent hepatocarcinogen and mutagen among mycotoxins.
Modern mycotoxicology began with the discovery of Aflatoxin in the early 1960s as the chemical compound responsible for causing “Turkey X” disease. Over 100,000 turkeys died in the United Kingdom after ingesting feed containing contaminated peanut meal from Brazil. The disaster concerned also ducklings, calves, and pigs.
Toxic syndromes, resulting from the intake of Mycotoxins by man and animals, are known as mycotoxicosis. Although mycotoxicosis caused by mould Claviceps purpurea have been known for a very long time.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi in the plants before or after harvest, which are capable of producing acute or chronic toxic effects (e.g. carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic) on animals and probably on humans at the levels of exposure.
Several mycotoxins in agricultural products cause health hazards to people and animals and economical problem. Dangerous mycotoxins are naturally present in foods, feeds and our environment. They are pathologically classified as hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, vomitoxin and neuromuscular toxin, some of which are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. Aflatoxin, for example, is the most potent hepatocarcinogen and mutagen among mycotoxins.
Modern mycotoxicology began with the discovery of Aflatoxin in the early 1960s as the chemical compound responsible for causing “Turkey X” disease. Over 100,000 turkeys died in the United Kingdom after ingesting feed containing contaminated peanut meal from Brazil. The disaster concerned also ducklings, calves, and pigs.
Toxic syndromes, resulting from the intake of Mycotoxins by man and animals, are known as mycotoxicosis. Although mycotoxicosis caused by mould Claviceps purpurea have been known for a very long time.
Mechanism of pathogenicity-Exotoxin and endotoxinaiswarya thomas
Brief description on mechanisms of pathogenicity, actions of toxins produced by various bacteria and notable endotoxins and exotoxins. Mechanism of action of some of the commonest endotoxins and exotoxins are explained.
Very important multiple choice question on Industrial Microbiology
Subscribe this you tube channel for more videos on Microbiology and MCQs
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxqXy8R-dkqodPMXnXvE8pQ
Introduction :
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations formed between the roots of higher plants and fungi.
Fungal roots were discovered by the German botanist A B Frank in the last century (1855) in forest trees such as pine.
In nature approximately 90% of plants are infected with mycorrhizae. 83% Dicots,79% Monocots and 100% Gymnosperms.
Convert insoluble form of phosphorous in soil into soluble form.
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Biological control is the suppression of one organism by another. There are two modes of mechanisms namely direct and indirect. Here I focused on the direct mechanisms such as parasitism, predatism, antibiotic-mediated suppression, lytic enzymes and unregulated-waste products. with the help of these various direct mechanisms, the bio-control agents will compete the pathogen's activity.
In this presentation you can gain better knowledge about different kind of toxins which are produced by the fungi (mycotoxine) and this presentation will be important to the students who are studying phytopathology as well as the pathology.
Mechanism of pathogenicity-Exotoxin and endotoxinaiswarya thomas
Brief description on mechanisms of pathogenicity, actions of toxins produced by various bacteria and notable endotoxins and exotoxins. Mechanism of action of some of the commonest endotoxins and exotoxins are explained.
Very important multiple choice question on Industrial Microbiology
Subscribe this you tube channel for more videos on Microbiology and MCQs
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxqXy8R-dkqodPMXnXvE8pQ
Introduction :
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations formed between the roots of higher plants and fungi.
Fungal roots were discovered by the German botanist A B Frank in the last century (1855) in forest trees such as pine.
In nature approximately 90% of plants are infected with mycorrhizae. 83% Dicots,79% Monocots and 100% Gymnosperms.
Convert insoluble form of phosphorous in soil into soluble form.
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Biological control is the suppression of one organism by another. There are two modes of mechanisms namely direct and indirect. Here I focused on the direct mechanisms such as parasitism, predatism, antibiotic-mediated suppression, lytic enzymes and unregulated-waste products. with the help of these various direct mechanisms, the bio-control agents will compete the pathogen's activity.
In this presentation you can gain better knowledge about different kind of toxins which are produced by the fungi (mycotoxine) and this presentation will be important to the students who are studying phytopathology as well as the pathology.
Download free papers and solutions at www.misostudy.com. NEET 2018 Sample Paper of Biology. For appearing in the competitive exam of the country students need to practice more sample papers and previous papers.
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Multiple Choice Question on effects of secondary metabolites produced by seed borne pathogen
1. Multiple Choice Questions
On
Effects of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Seed Borne Pathogen
1) Mycotoxin is derived from_____________
(a) Greek word (b) Latin word
(c) French word (d) Both Greek & Latin word
2) Aflatoxin is produced by
(a) Aspergillus flavus (b) Aspergillus parasiticus
(c) both (a) & (b) (d) Aspergillus niger
3) Siderophores is the carrier of _____________
(a) Sodium ion (b) Aluminium ion
(c) Sodium & aluminium ion (d) Ferric ion
4) Ergotin is produced by
(a) Claviceps purpurea (b) Fusarium trincinctum
(c) Penicillium patulum (d) Stachytotrytis sp.
5) Toxin production is enhanced by
(a) Sugar content of the host (b) Lesser the size of the hilum
(c) Compactness of sclerotized cells (d) Higher level of lignin
6) Toxin production is decreased by
(a) Lesser the size of the hilum (b) Compactness of sclerotized cells
(c) Tightness of cells (d) Higher level of lignin
(e) All of the above
7) The death of more than 10 million birds in England is due to Turkey X disease is caused by
(a) Gyromitrin (b) Aflatoxin
(c) Ergotin (d) Ochratoxin
8) What is/are the effect(s) of mycotoxin in seed & seedling?
(a) Inhibits the seed germination & emergence
(b) Abnormal elongation in lettuce hypocotyls
(c) Reduced chlorophyll & nucleic acid synthesis in maize
(d) All of the above
9) In which soil have low risk of Aspergillus flavus infection in peanut
(a) Vertisols (b) Alfisols
(c) Entisols (d) Oxisols
2. 10) What is the condition(s) that favours mycotoxin production?
(a) Relative humidity & moisture content
(b) Stress due to temperature
(c) Damage due to insect & other mechanical damage
(d) Presence of high inoculum
(e) All of the above
11) Ochratoxin is produced by which of the following Genus of fungus?
(a) Aspergillus sp. (b) Penicillin sp.
(c) Both (a) & (b) (d) Fusarium sp.
12) Which is not a kind of Aflatoxin?
(a) B1 & B2 (b) G1 & G2
(c) S1 & S2 (d) M1 & M2
13) Which statement given below is not true about mycoflora?
(a) Aspergillus niger prevents the infection of Aspergillus flavus in peanut
(b) Metabolites of Neurospora sp. & Rhizopus sp. inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus in peanut
(c) Helicoverpa armigera helps in the spread of fungal spores in maize
(d) None of the above
14) Which of the following techniques is used for the detection of mycotoxin?
(a) Gas liquid chromatography (b) Thin layer chromatography
(c) Fluorotoxin meter (d) ELISA
(e) All of the above
15) Which of the following toxin is not produced by fungi?
(a) Anthrax toxin (b) Aflatoxin
(c) Patulin (d) Citrinin
16) First private seed company was:
(a) Monsanto (b) Namdhari
(c) Sutton & Sons (d) Takii
17) International Seed Testing Association was organized on:
(a) 10-Jul-1924 (b) 12-Jul-1925
(c) 12-Feb-1942 (d) 10-Feb-1924
18) Who coined the term seed pathplogy?
(a) Paul Neergaurd (b) Mary Noble
(c) Tillet (d) Mc Clintock
3. 19) Who is considered the father of seed pathology?
(a) Needham (b) Richardson
(c) Stewart (d) Paul Neergaard
20) Who published a book “Seed Health”?
(a) V K Agarwal (b) H S Shetty
(c) Hutchins & Reeves (d) Maude
Model Answers
1. (d) Both Greek & Latin word
2. (c) both (a) & (b)
3. (d) Ferric ion
4. (a) Claviceps purpurea
5. (a) Sugar content of the host
6. (e) All of the above
7. (b) Aflatoxin
8. (d) All of the above
9. (a) Vertisols
10. (e) All of the above
11. (c) Both (a) & (b)
12. (c) S1 & S2
13. (d) None of the above
14. (e) All of the above
15. (a) Anthrax toxin
16. (c) Sutton & Sons
17. (a) 10-Jul-1924
18. (b) Mary Noble
19. (d) Paul Neergaard
20. (a) V K Agarwal
