Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident in India, considered the world's worst industrial disaster.
What happened 30 years ago in Bhopal- India. Due to the conflict between Indian government and Union Carbide Corporation about the responsibility of what happened. A lot of information still hidden. Investigators were prevented to meet Indian employees.
A complete case study on Bhopal gas leak incident
Visit my youtube channel to view video presentations :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtgw7WI5PPHISERF33ZrpSw
A complete case study on Bhopal gas leak incident
Visit my youtube channel to view video presentations :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtgw7WI5PPHISERF33ZrpSw
Group members:
Ain Yvonne Francis (Effect)
Nur Iwani binti Mohamad Rozi (Intro)
Siti Zuraida Mohamad (Recommendation)
Nur Asilah binti Jamil (Cause)
Ahmad Busra Mohd Zain (Moral Value)
Group: ED 247 5B
Prepared for School Science Class
HELLO.I HAVE UPLOADED MY PRESENTATION BASED ON BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY.PLEASE VIEW IT IN LATEST VERSION OF POWER POINT TO SEE VIDEOS AND INFOGRAPHIC SLIDES.HOPE YOU ALL WILL GET BENEFITS.
Bhopal gas disaster, a full description of conditions prevailed at union carbide corporation, minor injuries and other plant related shortcomings and a part on union of India against union carbide corporation
The Powerpoint presentation contains every aspect of one of the most disastrious Tragedy that has happened to our country. The "BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY". Starting from the Incorporation of the Gas Company to the After effects and the devastation of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. It includes lot of pictures is amazing to view as a slideshow even more. The Presentation has been given a Retro look because of the the Tragedy which is still affecting the country !
- Ashmita Nahar !
Group members:
Ain Yvonne Francis (Effect)
Nur Iwani binti Mohamad Rozi (Intro)
Siti Zuraida Mohamad (Recommendation)
Nur Asilah binti Jamil (Cause)
Ahmad Busra Mohd Zain (Moral Value)
Group: ED 247 5B
Prepared for School Science Class
HELLO.I HAVE UPLOADED MY PRESENTATION BASED ON BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY.PLEASE VIEW IT IN LATEST VERSION OF POWER POINT TO SEE VIDEOS AND INFOGRAPHIC SLIDES.HOPE YOU ALL WILL GET BENEFITS.
Bhopal gas disaster, a full description of conditions prevailed at union carbide corporation, minor injuries and other plant related shortcomings and a part on union of India against union carbide corporation
The Powerpoint presentation contains every aspect of one of the most disastrious Tragedy that has happened to our country. The "BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY". Starting from the Incorporation of the Gas Company to the After effects and the devastation of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. It includes lot of pictures is amazing to view as a slideshow even more. The Presentation has been given a Retro look because of the the Tragedy which is still affecting the country !
- Ashmita Nahar !
In this Power presentation you will recieve very important information on Bhopal Gas Disaster.After looking the presenation you will be shocked by the this industrial catastrophe as it was a major industrial catastrophe.....
Case studies in Disaster Management (Four)Muhammed Ameer
Four case studies:
Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster – 26th April 1986
Bhopal Gas Tragedy – 3rd December 1984
Mumbai flood – 26th July 2005
Gujarat Earthquake – 26th Jan 2001
This ppt consists of INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND CAUSES, UNION CARBIDE CORPARTION, HOW IT HAPPENED, FACTORS LEADING TO GAS LEAK, DEATHS , EFFECTS , EFFECTS ON SURRONGING , COMPENSATION , CONCLUSION, AND THANK YOU
A presentation on an Air Pollution Episode called " Bhopal Gas Tragedy". Its causes, effects on humans, animals, plants and environment. Measures taken thereafter to overcome the situation
To study about the tragic incident happened in Bhopal and how it impacted People and also to
evaluate the level of preparedness, response, mitigation techniques adopted and thus provide
needed recommendations for future strategies
Similar to Multinational’s lackadaisical attitude led to world’s worst industrial disaster (20)
Presentation for web Developer to guide what are the key factors are important to make good UI and how interface can be improved. Based on guidelines from goodUI.com we present you UI checklist.
Mean, median, mode, Standard deviation for grouped data for Statistical Measu...Renzil D'cruz
Detail Survey on Indian manufacture shampoo for management statistical purpose and calculation of Mean, median, mode, Standard deviation for grouped data for Statistical Measure for Shampoo in Indian market
Market Research to Understand Behavior of sales wrt Price and flavorRenzil D'cruz
Marketing Research Is Generally Activated When There Is A Question To Be
Answered , Only When There Is A Information Gap.
• Marketing Research Is Generally Taken Up As A Short-term Project With Clearly
Defined Scheduled,budget, Which Should Make Marketing Decision –making.
Paathbal(पाठबळ) is Online platform to help to the working poor (Business Plan)Renzil D'cruz
• Paathbal(पाठबळ) is Online platform to where
anyone can lend financial help to the working poor
in nearby area of Mumbai suburbs .
• Paathbal(पाठबळ) itself stand as stand firmly
behind to protect you.
• Paathbal.org itself work as Non-Profit
Organization.
• Where People Donate and encourage Needy
workers without any (return) expectation.
• Needy workers will/may payback to supporter.
Maintenance Methodology & Systems in Manufacturing : Operations ReserchRenzil D'cruz
Project on Maintenance Methodology & Systems in Manufacturing for subject of Operations Research which covers
Functions and Performance Standards:
Failure Situations
RCM
Manufacturing processes
• Casting
• Moulding
• Forming
• Machining
• Joining
• Rapid manufacturing
• Other trades
Online Advertising or Internet Advertising is based on Internet to deliver promotional messages to consumers.
This presentation talks about what,how,why,where,when about Online advertising.
Benefits of Online Advertising
• Cost
• Measurability
• Formatting
• Targeting
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• Speed
• Time Duration
Apple has developed a series of computers, phones,
portable media players, software, and many other
products that have advanced technology from what
it used to be, as well as creating new needs from the
consumers.Marketing Strategy of apple iPad and future goals
Mean, median, mode, Standard deviation for grouped data for Statistical Measu...Renzil D'cruz
Detail Survey on Indian manufacture shampoo for management statistical purpose and calculation of Mean, median, mode, Standard deviation for grouped data for Statistical Measure for Shampoo in Indian market
Project Report on Zensar Technologies for Managerial EconomicsRenzil D'cruz
Zensar is a rapidly growing, mid-sized Indian IT services company with a collaborative management philosophy and innovative HR policies. One of its practices, Vision Communities, is an inclusive forum for innovation and strategy formulation.
Project Report on Zensar Technologies for Managerial EconomicsRenzil D'cruz
Zensar is a rapidly growing, mid-sized Indian IT services company with a collaborative management philosophy and innovative HR policies. One of its practices, Vision Communities, is an inclusive forum for innovation and strategy formulation.
This Presentation is business plan for Bean Bag chair.Bean bag chairs are all the rage today among modern furniture for your home or even for offices. These otherwise slouchy, shapeless bean filled sacs are gaining popularity as people are finding many ingenious uses for such a item.
Project on Greece Crisis and Impact for Economic Environment of Business Renzil D'cruz
: Project on Greece Crisis and Impact for Economic Environment of Business
• financial crisis of 2007–2008
• Greek government-debt crisis
• Causes for deteriorated economic
• Tax evasion and corruption
• Unsustainable and accelerating debt-to-GDP ratios
• Impact of the Greece Economic Crisis on India
India’s Crisis Responses and Challenges
Google story secrets of multibillion sucessesful companyRenzil D'cruz
Google Inc. is an American multinational corporation specializing in Internet-related services and products. this presentation covers google products and all ups and downs of Google Inc.
Google Apps is a service from Google providing
independently customizable versions of several Google
products under a custom domain name
Web applications with similar functionality to traditional
office suites, including Gmail, Google Groups, Google
Calendar, Talk, Docs and Sites.
This presentation covers introduction to Google Apps
Project on Greece Crisis and Impact for Economic Environment of Business Renzil D'cruz
: Project on Greece Crisis and Impact for Economic Environment of Business
• financial crisis of 2007–2008
• Greek government-debt crisis
• Causes for deteriorated economic
• Tax evasion and corruption
• Unsustainable and accelerating debt-to-GDP ratios
• Impact of the Greece Economic Crisis on India
India’s Crisis Responses and Challenges
CSS3 is the latest standard for CSS.
CSS3 is completely new web technology and widely used by web designers,
This presentation teaches you about the new features in CSS3!
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Multinational’s lackadaisical attitude led to world’s worst industrial disaster
1. Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Multinational’s Lackadaisical Attitude led to World’s
Worst Industrial Disaster
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2. Bhopal disaster: What Happened? When?
• Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident in India, considered the
world's worst industrial disaster.
• It occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide
India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
• Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas and
other chemicals. The official immediate death toll was 2,259.
• The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths
related to the gas release. Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks
and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases.
• A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries
including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900
severely and permanently disabling injuries.
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3. Why? Who is Responsible?
• UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC),
with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public
holding a 49.1 percent stake.
• Warren M. Anderson is a former chairman and chief executive officer
of Union Carbide currently living in United States of America and
sought by Indian government for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
• One analysis shows that the causes of the leakage, irrespectively of
how water entered the pipelines, were the design of the plant and the
economic pressure. The parties responsible for the magnitude of the
disaster, including the consequences, are Union Carbide Corporation
and the Governments of India and Madhya Pradesh.
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4. • Warren Anderson (Above) and Poster about
the green revolution enhanced by Union
carbide corporation in India(left)
5. Reasons
•
What happened 30 years ago in Bhopal- India. Due to the conflict between Indian government and
Union Carbide Corporation about the responsibility of what happened. A lot of information still
hidden. Investigators were prevented to meet Indian employees.
•
Poor management systems
•
Early warnings
•
The event was preceded by warning events since 1976, but neither the UCIC took a step to treat the
events noted nor do anything to mitigate the consequences of an event could happen later.
Additionally, no one was punished for this irresponsibility
•
Contributing factors
•
Storing the MIC in large tanks more than the advised level. Poor maintenance after the plant stops
MIC production in 1984.
•
Safety systems were in a stand by mood to save money. This includes the MIC storage
tank refrigeration system which could prevent this disaster. Actually there was no Freon in the
system.
•
No emergency plans for evacuation of people or medical treatment for any catastrophic gas release.
6. • Working conditions
• serious communication problems and
management gaps between Union Carbide
and its Indian operation
• the parent companies hands-off approach to
its overseas operation
• cross-cultural barriers
• Equipment and safety regulations
• The MIC tank alarms had not been working
for four years and there was only one
manual back-up system, compared to a
four-stage system used in the United States.
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7. Timeline
The Indian government investigations concluded that the following scenario occurred on
• December 2 1984: 10:20 p.m.: the pressure in Tank 610 was at 2 psig . This is normal and indicates that no react
ion has taken place yet.
• 10:45 p.m.: Start of shift change, the shift change takes at least half an hour during which the MIC storage tanks
are completely deserted
• 11:30 to 12:45 p.m.: MIC reaction with water was initiated and MIC together with carbon dioxide were carried th
rough the header system and out of the stack of the vent gas scrubber
• 11:30 p.m.: A small MIC leak reported downwind in vicinity of the MIC unit When notified, the supervisor said t
hat he would deal with it after tea which went from 12:15 a.m. to 12:40 a.m.
•
12:40 p.m.: Control room operator observes sharp rise in pressure within the tank.
• 12:45p.m: Safety valve opened and the gas escaped out of the scrubber. Workers start transferring around one
of the tank contents to the SEVIN unit, trying to get the water out.
•
Next morning: Not realizing the gravity of the tragedy, the workers involved during the previous night altered
logs to disguise their involvement.
8. About UCC
• In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9
percent interest in UCIL to Eveready Industries India Limited
(EIIL), which subsequently merged with McLeod Russel (India)
Ltd.
• Eveready Industries India, Limited, ended clean-up on the site
in 1998, when it terminated its 99-year lease and turned over
control of the site to the state government of Madhya Pradesh.
• Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001, seventeen
years after the disaster.
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9. Union Carbide's defence
• Investigation conducted by the engineering consulting firm
Arthur D. Little
• Safety and equipment issues
• Union Carbide states on its website that it put $2 million
into the Indian prime minister's immediate disaster relief
fund on 11 December 1984.
• The corporation established the Employees' Bhopal Relief
Fund in February 1985, which raised more than $5
million for immediate relief. August 1987, they made an
additional $4.6 million in humanitarian interim relief
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10. Legal action against Union Carbide
• Legal proceedings leading to the settlement
• “Separate entity, owned, managed and operated exclusively
by Indian citizens in India”-UCIL,Jan 1987
• The Government of India refused the offer from Union Carbide and claimed US$ 3.3
billion. The Indian Supreme Court told both sides to come to an agreement and
"start with a clean slate" in November 1988.Eventually, in an out-of-court settlement
reached in February 1989, Union Carbide agreed to pay US$ 470 million for damages
caused in the Bhopal disaster, 15% of the original $3 billion claimed in the lawsuit.
• Charges against UCC and UCIL employees
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11. About Case
• In August 2009, a UCC spokesperson said Union Carbide
had no role in operating the plant at the time as the factory
was owned, managed and operated by employees of Union
Carbide India Limited.
• Eight former senior employees of the subsidiary were found
guilty on June 7, 2010.
• After these convictions, a UCC spokesperson said, "All the
appropriate people from UCIL – officers and those who
actually ran the plant on a daily basis – have appeared to
face charges."
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12. Conclusion
• The Bhopal tragedy sent shockwaves throughout the chemical
industry, both the human heartbreak and the utter technical
negligence came as a slap across the face for the chemical industry,
provoking wide scale changes and highlighting process safety as a
crucial and indispensable element at both the technical and
managerial levels.
• Perhaps it is too late as to search for ‘who’ was behind such a
tragedy, as the balance of power between the poor labourers and the
major multinational will just carve another chapter into our book of
human misery.
• Nevertheless, it is crucial to analyse the tragedy and try to overcome
all the failures that led to it, something the chemical industry has
successfully managed to achieve over the past decades.
Renzil D’cruz
http://RenzilDe.com
http://about.me/renzilde
http://linkedin.com/in/renzilde