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Bhopal gas tragedy- industrial disaster

The Bhopal gas tragedy, which occurred on December 2, 1984, at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant, resulted from a leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) due to poor safety measures and maintenance failures. The disaster exposed over 100,000 people to toxic gas, leading to severe health issues and environmental destruction, including respiratory and neurological problems for survivors. The tragedy highlighted the need for stringent safety protocols in industrial operations.

Leadership & Management◦
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BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY (1984) BY NIKITA KAUL MA INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
An Industrial disaster of an incomparable magnitude of all time
CONTEXT • Introduction • Chronology of Events • Safety Systems at UCIL • Events Prior to Tragedy • UCIL Plant after Tragedy • After Effects • What could have been done?
•The Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) was established in 1969 •51% owned by Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) and 49% by Indian Authorities •The factory produced a pesticide which UCIL branded as SEVIN •A chemical called Methyl Isocynate (MIC) was used for producing this pesticide SEVIN •Therefore, this factory stored a large amount i.e., 42 tonnes of MIC in it’s premise.
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS •On the night of 2nd December, 1984, everything went like a routine day at UCIL Factory in Bhopal. •And MIC was stored in an Underground Tank UNTIL...
At 9.30 p.m. • Employees started Pipeline washing as a routine maintenance operation
Around 10.30- 11 p.m. •Workers engaged in Pipeline washing became aware of a leak •Little Attention was paid considering as a normal leak •A casual attempt was made to trace the source of the leak, but was of no use
Around 12.15 a.m. •Water began to enter into the tank E610 containing 42 tonnes of MIC •The pressure in the MIC tank rocketed to 55 pounds per square inch(psi) •The resulting Exothermic reaction increased the temperature in the tank to over 200 ° C •An Operator saw the concrete above the tank was cracking
About 12.30 a.m. •MIC gas was exposed into the atmosphere. •The workers at the factory realised the risk of a massive disaster. •They tried activating the safety systems available at the factory
SAFETY SYSTEMS AT UCIL There were three Safety Systems at UCIL: 1. Vent Gas Scrubber 2. Flare Tower 3. Vacant Tank next to Tank E610
VENT GAS SCRUBBER
FLARE TOWER
E619 TANK
EVENTS PRIOR TO TRAGEDY •On 25th Dec 1981, a Plant Operator killed by phosgene gas leak •In a report by Americans in 1982 by UCC, poor adjustment of certain devices were excessive •1983 onwards, all energy concentrated on cost cutting and 200 workers were asked to resign •All safety systems were shut down. In 1984 the cooling unit was shut down, which was used to bring down the temperature of the MIC tank.
UCIL PLANT AFTER TRAGEDY
AFTER EFFECTS
•More than 1 lakh people were the chronic survivors •People faced: 1. Respiratory Problems 2. Ocular Problems 3. Reproductive Problems 4. Gastro-Intestinal Problems 5. Neurological Problems • There was a Genetic Damage to plants •Rivers, lakes were polluted destroying acquatic animals and and other animals relying on these sources •Soil was polluted leading to
WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE TO AVOID THE DISASTER?
THANKYOU