Multiculturalism in canada_the_outliers_02december2014
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A Presentation on Multiculturalism in Canada and how its salad bowl effect is taking the country to socioeconomic prosperity more than any other nation today. All data sets have been sourced from the Association of Canadian Studies ACS 2012.
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Multiculturalism in canada_the_outliers_02december2014
- 1. MULTICULTURALISM IN CANADA! A mosaic of different cultures and identities united in their love for Canada Arundati, Constantine, Laurel, Lisel, & Mushtaq
- 2. BOOK TRAILER “MIGRATION NATION” Sit back and enjoy this book trailer that touches on topics that will be in our presentation, setting the context for Multiculturalism in Canada!
- 3. Canada’s Story of Multiculturalism ● 2 major triggers ○ Canada’s labour shortages ○ wide criticism of the American Assimilation ● 1st country to adopt a “multiculturalism” policy ○ Affirmed the value and dignity of ALL Canadians ○ Every race, language, ethnic origin, religious affiliation ○ All citizens keep their identities, ancestral backgrounds
- 4. Canadian Immigration • In 2010, over 250,000 people immigrated to Canada • Among the highest immigration rates per capita • Far more naturalized citizens than any other nation • Historically, immigration has been a sustaining feature
- 5. What is a salad bowl? Why Canada? • Americans assimilate / melt – One American dream – Homogenous country • Canadians preserve all cultures / salad bowl – Differing Canadian aspirations – Proudly heterogenous nation – Canada’s multiculturalism is linked with national pride!
- 6. Approach to Canada’s Multiculturalism We explored: •Attachment to Canada and sub groups – examining how Canada is united yet separate •Pride in Multiculturalism – examining the importance of multiculturalism to personal and collective pride •Multiculturalism as an asset and a success – Global influence and attraction – Economic resource
- 7. Canada is Provincial and Patriotic! • Canadians feel united, identifying with their province and country, but a large proportion feel attached to other groups as well. n= 2021
- 8. Canada believes in Multiculturalism! Inversely, 67% of Canadians Agree with the statement “People with different ethnic and religious backgrounds than the majority make an important contribution to our society” n=2021
- 9. Attachment to Canada and Multiculturalism n= 2201 The relationship above shows that most Canadians are both Attached to Canada and believe Multiculturalism is an important source of collective pride. .
- 10. The young are proud of Multiculturalism! n=2203 % Very Important or Somewhat Important % Very Attached or Somewhat Attached
- 11. Quebec Lower on Attachment, Lowest on Multiculturalism as a Source of Pride n=2203 % Very Important or Somewhat Important % Very Attached or Somewhat Attached
- 12. Atlantic Provinces: more open to Multiculturalism! n= 2203 % Strongly or Somewhat Disagree
- 13. Multilingual speakers value multiculturalism. French least likely to feel attached. n=2203 % Very Important or Somewhat Important % Very Attached or Somewhat Attached
- 14. Native French Speakers Worry about Loss of Language and Culture n=2203 % Strongly or Somewhat Agree
- 15. Multiculturalism based on Income Level n=2203 % Very Important or Somewhat Important % Very Attached or Somewhat Attached
- 16. Male vs Female Multiculturalism n=2203 % Very Important or Somewhat Important % Very Attached or Somewhat Attached
- 17. Multiculturalism:“Central” to Canadian Identity Top priorities for English-speaking Canadians: Universal Health care The Canadian Flag Multiculturalism Hockey RCMP Mounties The Queen - The Economist, 2014
- 18. 3 Canadian Cities are Immigrant Havens “First-generation immigrants make up a bigger share of Toronto’s and Vancouver’s populations than in many of the world’s great cosmopolitan cities.” The Economist
- 19. Canada Overcomes Odds to Remain the Top Country for Immigrants Canada in 2015 expects 285,000 new immigrants Economic immigrants: 64.9% Family class: 24.4 % Humanitarian and compassionate: 10.7%
- 20. Canada vs. the rest of the world In Canada, as we have seen, Multiculturalism has been an effective measure and influencer of the nation’s sentiment and people’s attitudes towards the country. The concept however has been unable to take off as successfully/peacefully in other nations: ●Americas (US) ●Europe ○ France ○ Germany (multikulti) ○ UK ○ Scandinavia ○ Netherlands ○ Austria
- 21. “In this ground-breaking book Melanie Phillips pieces together the story of how Londonistan developed as a result of the collapse of traditional English identity and accommodation of a particularly virulent form of multiculturalism. Londonistan has become a country within the country and not only threatens Britain but its special relationship with the U.S. as well.” From the book blurb of Londonistan Challenges facing Multiculturalism Backlash in an age of global and economic insecurity; culture under attack!
- 22. Like in the Salad days of Multiculturalism... ● Canadians attached to nation AND sub-groups ● Atlantic region is more open to new cultures ● The young are pro-multiculturalism ● Lower-income-group favour multiculturalism ○ Pro government social assistance ● Multilinguists/bilinguals more multicultural ● More females proud of multiculturalism ● Canadian indicators of attachment to nation!
- 23. ●Canada’s multiculturalism = salad bowl ○ unity + separation ○ immigration as a resource ○ general openness and mindset ○ economic success ●Multiculturalism as unique resource ○ Canada’s global business relationships ○ Socio-economic development Understanding the Future of Multiculturalism in Canada
- 24. Maybe Multiculturalism is just an Attitude “It is not the laws that create how you feel about where you live and whether you belong; it is other people… It is your school and your church and the people you meet in the park and have eye contact with on a bus. Then of course, you participate as a taxpayer, as somebody who can enrol in swimming classes or join the YMCA. That is what makes you feel a part of your immediate surroundings. It implies that we are citizens within the context of other citizens.” Adrienne Clarkson, Former Governor-General of Canada and author of Belonging: The Paradox of Citizenship (House of Anansi, 2014)
- 25. Thank you!
- 26. Works Cited and Bibliography “Attachment Survey November 2012.” The Association for Canadian Studies (ACS). Retrieved November 25, 2014 from Blackboard. The Association for Canadian Studies (ACS). “Multiculturalism, Interculturalism and Cross Cultural Understanding: Communities and Stakeholders.” (2012). Retrieved November 25, 2014, from http://www.acs- aec.ca/en/publications/canadian-diversity/ Bolongoro, Kait. “Is multiculturalism good for Europe?” (2014). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/12/multiculturalism-good-europe-2013123045413908478.html Citizenship and Immigration Canada. “The Current State of Multiculturalism in Canada and Research themes on Canadian Multiculturalism 2008–2010” (2014). Retrieved November 25, 2014, from http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pdf/pub/multi-state.pdf Clarkson, Adrienne (Toronto: House of Anansi, 2014). Belonging: The Paradox of Citizenship. “Migration Nation.” ( Toronto: Environics Institute, 2014), Retrieved November 25, 2014. from http://www.migrationnation.ca/ “The More the Merrier : The Debates over immigration are often toxic. Not in Canada.” (2014, January 18). Retrieved November 25, 2014, from http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21594328-debates-over-immigration-are-often- toxic-not-canada-more-merrier Algonquin Times “Fixing the Nurse Shortage” (2011). Retrieved November 25, 2014. “Q&A with Randall Hansen: Major Debates and Challenges In Immigration -- Canada and Europe” Retrieved November 25, 2014. “Canadians show ambiguity towards Multiculturalism” (2011) Retreived November 16, 2014 from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/editorials/canadians-show-ambiguity-towards- multiculturalism/article557392/
Editor's Notes
- stop at 1:05!!!!!!
- Constantine Canada is the home of ice-hockey, a Commonwealth nation and also the symbol of multiculturalism. Pierre Elliot Trudeau pushed multiculturalism as an ideology, He voiced to the public for an emphasis on the social importance of immigration. Multiculturalism has led to higher rates of naturalization than ever before. With no pressure to assimilate and give up their culture, immigrants freely choose their new citizenship because they want to be Canadians. As Canadians, they share the basic values of democracy with all other Canadians who came before them. At the same time, Canadians are free to choose for themselves, without penalty, whether they want to identify with their specific group or not. Their individual rights are fully protected and they need not fear group pressures. The concept was again acknowledged in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms of 1982, which states that the Charter itself “shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians.
- Constantine In 2010 alone, over 250,000 people immigrated to Canada, setting up Canada to have one of the highest immigration per capita in the world.[1] People have chosen Canada because it provides people with essentials such as free health care, educational opportunities, and high standard of living. Immigration Canada allows for “… hard working people to come from all over the word and bring with them their skills and entrepreneurial talents, to reunite with family members, or to seek security and stability. Immigration has been a sustaining feature in Canadian history and continues to play a role in building a promising future for Canadian citizens. The immigration system in Canada provides for a diverse population with a variety of races and ethnic backgrounds. The current system provides people with the opportunity of living a new life.
- Constantine If the United States’ population could be described as a melting pot of cultures, where millions leave their homelands to assimilate, eventually “become” American, and pursue the GREAT AMERICAN DREAM, than its neighbour to the north could be described as a salad bowl. Canada’s population is diverse, but unlike the United States its inhabitants are not required nor do they feel the same pressure to assimilate. The result is more of a salad bowl than a melting pot, where all the different elements unite as one, yet maintain their uniqueness, just like in a salad where every vegetable maintains its flavour and crunchiness, adding to the whole.
- Constantine
- Provincial Attachment and National attachment come out the highest. A majority are still attached to their language and Ethnic Group. Attachment to religion has declined throughout Canada although, in QC attachment to religion increased for the 65+ age group
- Many Canadians disagree with the statements above. More Canadians are strongly disagreeing that our country should be where everyone speaks the same language and has the same background We can then infer that these Canadians have a positive outlook on Multiculturalism. A majority agree that Multiculturalism contributes to Canadian society as a whole.
- Canadian perception of the importance of multiculturalism has a positive correlation with feelings of attachment to Canada! Canadians appreciate a Multicultural Canada which relates with National attachment Correlation between multiculturalism and attachment to Canada is 0.177 and significant at 0.01 level. A correlation exist between Attachment to Canada and Importance of Multiculturalism. Canadians generally agree more strongly with the importance of multiculturalism than attachment.
- People in all age groups think multiculturalism is an important source of personal or collective pride in Canada.However, 65 years or older are more attached to Canada. 65 years and Older in general feel more attached to Canada. Those between the ages of 35-49 feel that multiculturalism is important as a source of pride. Younger generations agree with the importance of multiculturalism. Appreciation for multiculturalism decreases slight in the older generation. The OVERALL picture: Older people are contributing strongly to the idea of a more uniform Canadian identity. Whereas, younger people are contributing strongly to a multicultural Canadian identity.
- we wanted to explore attachment to Canada (sharing in identifying with the general “Canada/Canadian” label ---> all regions high and near equal NOT Quebec ---> not as high as others … not as much into identifying a ‘Canadian” → probably provincial? Quebecois French language and culture → preservation of language and culture → PREZ of culture limits attachment we wanted to explore MC to P and C pride in Canada ---> saw multiculturalism as envisioned Canada ATL ---- highest --- more open-mnided --- not as much contact with immigrants/multiculturalism? Quebec.MB/SK --- lowest ----> Quebec ---> more likely to entertain negatvie opinions about multiculturalism ---> preservation maybe immgrants are a threat ---- loss if culture maybe they feel not included
- Atlantic States are less likely to hold negative opinions about multiculturalism. the least likely to believe that there are too many immigrants in Canada the least likely to believe that their immigrants should give up their traditions the least likely to think that many ethnic groups weakens Canada Quebec is the opposite they are more likely to hold these negative beliefs
- Importance (MC) Other highest (makes sense) … being who they are IS part of being Canadian English and French essentially MC French (lowest) but substantial amount … reservations … optimism about MC limited by reservations about the place own culture/language… … we’ve seen Quebecois negative opinion regarding MC Attachment - grey These are first languages still used (keep in mind that people may actually speak more than one including English and/ French) Other (people who speak languages other than English and French, but may also speak English and/or French) … but especially English if you think of the cities with many immigrants, Toronto/Vancouver English and French (official languages of Canada) English, French, French people - the lowest attachment … in line with what we found in Quebec ---> preservation of culture ---> contributes to separateness/duality (Canada - predominant English, but I’m French!)
- goes toward what fosters uniqueness/separateness …. wanting to preserve This likely explains some of the reason why they may feel that multiculturalism is not a source of collective pride in Canada: French as a first language speakers and ‘other’ speakers … most worried followed by English and French … --- influenced by French ...
- INCOME - Lowest Income Group Cares about Multiculturalism the most People of lowest income group showed relatively more attachment to Canada and think multiculturalism is important. Rest of the income groups don’t really show much difference. Generally speaking, Income level does not provide a significant difference in terms collective pride and multiculturalism.
- GENDER Females are relatively more likely attached to Canada and think multiculturalism is a source of personal or collective pride in Canada. We can See that both male and females share almost identical attachment to Canada, while there is a 10 % difference between the 2 in terms of Multiculturalism being a source for collective pride.
- The More the Merrier : The Debates over immigration are often toxic. Not in Canada. (2014, January 18). Retrieved November 25, 2014, from http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21594328-debates-over-immigration-are-often-toxic-not-canada-more-merrier. Multiculturalism is one of the top three priorities of English-speaking Canadians. This endorses our findings we have presented in our earlier slides.
- The More the Merrier : The Debates over immigration are often toxic. Not in Canada. (2014, January 18). Retrieved November 25, 2014, from http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21594328-debates-over-immigration-are-often-toxic-not-canada-more-merrier
- Data from: Algonquin Times As we have seen, Canada remains the Top Country (or at least destination) for immigrants Liberal immigration policies, a range of social and economic index factors and high multiculturalism are contributing factors to a consistent growth trend. The move capitalizes on the demographic imbalance we have seen of an increasingly ageing population distributed thin among all the ten provinces. Economic immigrants: those on work permits, foreign students, business migrants, usually of these are highly skilled workers. Foreign students are seen increasingly as a precious commodity to be capitalized by advanced indusrialized nations Family class immigrants: wherein permanent residents here are eligible to sponsor members of their families living elsewhere so they can join them in Canada HUmanitarian and compassionate: refugees, assylum seekers. There are two ways to apply via that channel: your life would be at risk because your country cannot give you the right health or medical care your removal from Canada would have a negative effect on a child. This does not have to be your child – it can be a child that you are involved with who would be directly affected by your removal.
- Multiculturalism in Canada is one of the more positive stories coming straight from first hand narratives of people who have successfully moved to Canada to pursue their economic dreams, thrive in a diverse culture and attain what they wanted. Mutliculturalism is a good and effective indicator and influencor of how Canadians feel about Canada because of the deliberate approach of Canada’s economic policies, immigration policies, and active integration over assimilation strategy that seeks to make all cultures feel at home. We recognize factors that foster an openness towards other cultures is rooted in an effective understanding of Canda’s own shortages (labour or skills or young working population, etc) In Europe, Multiculturalism has been perceived as a failed experiment by leaders of the nations mentioned. The reasons are rooted in economic insecurity and in no proper addressal of the economic issue of jobs. A small example of this is in Europe which is full of Welfare states governments believe in giving people welfare than in letting them stay in jobs, which is in stark contrast to Canada where the opinion and positioning appears to be to keep people in the labour market as far as possible.
- Radical Religious protesting Canada preserves its multi-lingual, multi-cultural tradition. Europe is more brutal to its minorities, feels threatened. There is the argument here that Europe is more inter-cultural than multicultural which means that
- Multiculturalism is not new in Canada, but it keeps evolving Multiculturalism has led to higher rates of naturalization than ever before. With no pressure to assimilate and give up their culture, immigrants freely choose their new citizenship because Speaker notes: CIC Gov website they want to be Canadians. As Canadians, they share the basic values of democracy with all other Canadians who came before them. At the same time, Canadians are free to choose for themselves, without penalty, whether they want to identify with their specific group or not. Their individual rights are fully protected and they need not fear group pressure Technology and multiculturalism
- Canadians are attached to Canada, but a significant proportion still feel attached to other groups. High levels of multiculturalism are Canadians are attached to Canada. Older people are contributing strongly to unity demonstrating strong levels of attachment to Canada. Whereas, younger people are contributing strongly to the idea of multiculturalism as part of their connection to Canada. People of Lower income group are more supportive of a multicultural Canada owing to the government’s generous social assistance/welfare programs in comparison with other nations of the Americas. Females are relatively more likely attached to Canada and think multiculturalism as a source of personal or collective pride in Canada. Atlantic states remained more open to Multiculturalism. Multilingual people (78%) considered multiculturalism a source of personal or collective pride. Most of those who spoke French-as-a-first language were worried about loss of their language and culture, whereas fewer English speakers were worried about these issues. lowest income group remained on the top among all income groups for considering multiculturalism an important source of collective pride as well as showing attachment to Canada. SLIDE BEING REDONE Canadian feel more attached to their respective provinces, followed by Canada, language group and then ethnic group. Less Canadians were attached to religious group. Majority (60%)of the Canadians did not prefer a country of same language, ethnic background and religious beliefs. 55% of Canadians were of view that ethnic diversity does not weaken national culture and 52% were not worried about the loss of their culture. Majority of Canadian are attached to Canada and multiculturalism is important source of collective pride. Majority of all age groups considered multiculturalism as a source of Canadian pride. However, attachment to Canada was highest among people of 65 years and older.
- A quote from the already mentioned former Governor-General of Canada who migrated to Canada in the 1940s, before Based on the data we have culled and seen, attitudes towards multiculturalism