The document reports on a study that examined the relationship between general well-being and everyday memory. The study hypothesized that individuals with greater general well-being would have better everyday memory. 99 participants completed questionnaires measuring general well-being and everyday memory. A significant negative correlation was found, supporting the hypothesis that better general well-being is associated with better everyday memory. However, the study had limitations such as a small sample size and using self-report measures. Future research could explore this relationship further with a larger, more diverse sample.

1. By: Mufaddal Shabbir

2.  Rationale
 Definitions
 Hypothesis
 Measurements
 Procedure
 Results
 Discussion

3.  Emotions determine how much, and in how much
detail one remembers things.
 Emotions are also very good predictors of a person’s
well-being.
 Positive emotions are shown to predict longevity in
the general population.
 Both perception of memory functioning and
psychological well-being are mitigated depending on
how well a person adapts to old age.
 So may be memory and wellbeing have a relationship
in their more general sense of everyday memory and
general well-being.

4.  H1: Individuals who report a greater general
well-being will also have a better everyday
memory.

5.  General well-being: Measured in terms of
emotions, beliefs, temperaments, health,
behaviors, situations, and experiences a
person exhibits (Wheeler, 1991).

6.  Everyday memory: Defined as memory
evidenced in everyday life tasks. It can be and
measured either outside of laboratory or
using a stimulated everyday life tasks, inside
the laboratory. It is tested on remembering
everyday tasks such as faces or places,
reading, writing, speech, learning new things,
or even actions which one does in their
everyday life (Tomer, Larrabee, & Crook,
1994).

7.  General Well-Being Questionnaire - GWBQ
(Dupuy, 1977)
 18 items.
 6 subscales measuring: anxiety, depression, positive well-
being, self-control, vitality, general health.
 There is a total score running from 0 to 110 with higher
scores indicating more severe distress.
 Test retest reliability of r = 0.81, ConcurrentValidity of r =
0.91, and Intra-class correlation coefficient of r = 0.8.

9.  Everyday Memory Questionnaire - EMQ
(Sunderland, 1983)
 28 items.
 The score ranges on a 0-8 scale.
 The lower the total score with higher score
indicating a lower everyday memory
 Test retest Reliability of r = 0.85, Concurrent
validity of r = 0.72, and Cronbach alpha of r =
0.89.

11.  After every participant was scored on GWB and
EMQ, their scores were turned into
percentages.This was done because there were
some participants who forgot to answer one or
two questions out of the entire questionnaire.
So for each individual, their raw score was
divided by the maximum score each of them
could have attained in order to achieve more
accurate results.

12. Survey:
 printed copies of the survey to distribute in
person and created online survey to
distribute electronically, both contained the 2
questionnaires.
 1) GeneralWell-Being - GWBQ (18 items, approx 5
mins)
 2) Everyday Memory Questionnaire - EMQ (33
items, approx 5 mins)

13. Sample:
 A sample of convenience was recruited who
were over 18 years of age.
 informed consent was obtained before
participants completed the survey.
 Participants were provided with the researcher’s
email and informed that they could contact the
researchers if they wanted to be debriefed once
the survey was completed.

14. Distribution:
 The questionnaire was distributed online by
providing links to participants through email,
social media websites, and chat rooms.
 Website used to organize survey:
www.surveymonkey.com
 No counterbalancing since the organizational
website did not permit it.

15.  Adults
 Age Range 18 to 55
 n= 99
 Males: 31
 Females: 67
 Unidentified: 1

19. Analysis:
 Significant Pearson Correlation
 r(97) = -0.295, N = 99, and p < 0.01
 Hypothesis was accepted
 Cohen’s size effect: Borderline medium and
small.
 r = -0.295
 small size effect range: 0.1 - 0.3
 medium effect range: 0.3 - 0.5

20. Limitations:
 Low sample size. Only 99-150 participants.
 Homogenous sample: Mostly university students
 Convenience sampling: Sample consisted of
mostly family and friends
 Average twice as many females as males
 Self-report measures makes the study
susceptible to social desirability bias
 Difficult to find monolingual participants in a
multicultural society

21. Future Directions:
 Study can be improved by using random sampling
methods, increasing sample size, and using more
diverse measures.
 Causal relationship between general well-being and
everyday memory may be explored
 This area of research can be used for educational
purposes. Education can be focused more on
memorization in order to make sure students have a
better well-being later on in their lives.

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