The document summarizes two small studies conducted by students to examine the relationship between inadequate sleep and unintentional injuries. A qualitative study using an online focus group of 4 students explored perceptions of sleep and injuries. It found inadequate sleep negatively impacts health and can increase risks. A quantitative survey of 18 students further examined the relationship, finding agreement that inadequate sleep impacts judgment and awareness and may increase injury risks. Both studies had limitations as student exercises but provided insight into how policies could help address the issue.
Knowledge questionnaire on home care of schizophrenics (kqhs) validity and r...Alexander Decker
The document describes the development and validation of the Knowledge Questionnaire on Home Care of Schizophrenics (KQHS). The KQHS is a 32-item multiple choice questionnaire that assesses caregivers' knowledge of schizophrenia, including its meaning, causes, signs/symptoms, and home care. The development process involved literature review, blueprint creation, item writing, content validation, pretesting, and reliability testing. Content validity and internal consistency were established. The KQHS was found to be a brief, valid, and reliable tool for assessing caregivers' knowledge of caring for schizophrenic patients at home.
This dissertation aimed to investigate whether comprehension of an informed consent form (ICF) differed between participants who read a standard ICF versus those who viewed a multimedia presentation of the ICF. The study used a validated instrument to assess comprehension and collected demographic data from participants after they received one of the two presentations. Previous research on ICF comprehension has shown variable results and has primarily focused on vulnerable populations rather than healthy subjects in Phase I clinical trials. The study hypothesized that the multimedia presentation group would have higher comprehension scores based on Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, which posits that people learn better when information is received through two channels rather than one. The results of the study could help improve the informed consent process and protect research participants if
Clinical practice critical_research_paper essay sample from assignmentsupport...https://writeessayuk.com/
The document summarizes a qualitative research study that analyzed paradoxical realities in everyday clinical practice through interviews and surveys across 13 healthcare organizations in Canada. Key themes identified included near misses as a metaphor for system vulnerabilities, factors contributing to near misses like communication issues, and strategies for safer processes like improved training. Researchers conducted ethics-approved interviews with healthcare professionals and patients on their experiences. Data analysis identified major themes around system gaps and opportunities for enhanced safety. The rigorous study provided valuable insights into improving the healthcare system.
Effects of Feedback on Student Performance - Journal of Undergraduate ResearchDanyel Janssen, MS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of feedback on student performance while completing multiple computer tasks simultaneously. The study involved 32 undergraduate students performing letter recognition, math, and other tasks on a computer program. The experimental group received continuous visual feedback of their point total, while the control group did not. While the experimental group had a higher average point total, the results were not statistically significant. The study also found no significant effects of gender or interaction between feedback and gender. The lack of significant results may have been due to variability in performance measures or insufficient feedback design. Further research is needed to better understand how feedback impacts performance on non-motor tasks.
This study explored community stroke rehabilitation therapists' use of outcome measures in Scotland. A survey of 113 therapists found that the most commonly used measures were the Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti Balance and Gait scales for physical therapists, the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and Barthel Index for occupational therapists, and the Therapy Outcome Measure and Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test for speech and language therapists. The top reasons for selecting measures were that they are relevant to patients' goals, easy to use, and sensitive to change. However, over a third of therapists were dissatisfied with the relevance of available measures to patients. The study highlights tensions between best practice and constraints like financial barriers to using measures.
Many people rely on non-prescription drugs
therapy to treat common medical conditions. Health technology
can be a valid support to help people in selecting and choosing
an appropriate treatment.
Aim: This study examined how common people make their
decisions to select a non-prescription drug, evaluating
comprehensibility and satisfaction of a virtual tool that could
propose and sell different types of non-prescription drugs
therapy
Bayesian Model for Multivatiate Functional Principle Components AnalysisKevin Cummins
Kevin Cummins
Joint Doctoral Program in Interdisciplinary Research on Substance Use
University of California, San Diego
JSM Digital Poster Presentation, August 2015
This document discusses translating research into nursing practice through evidence-based practice. It defines evidence and the EBP process. It describes different types of quantitative and qualitative research methods like randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It discusses how to find, appraise, and apply evidence to clinical questions. The importance of validity, reliability, and applicability are covered. Overall, the document provides an overview of research translation and evidence-based nursing.
Knowledge questionnaire on home care of schizophrenics (kqhs) validity and r...Alexander Decker
The document describes the development and validation of the Knowledge Questionnaire on Home Care of Schizophrenics (KQHS). The KQHS is a 32-item multiple choice questionnaire that assesses caregivers' knowledge of schizophrenia, including its meaning, causes, signs/symptoms, and home care. The development process involved literature review, blueprint creation, item writing, content validation, pretesting, and reliability testing. Content validity and internal consistency were established. The KQHS was found to be a brief, valid, and reliable tool for assessing caregivers' knowledge of caring for schizophrenic patients at home.
This dissertation aimed to investigate whether comprehension of an informed consent form (ICF) differed between participants who read a standard ICF versus those who viewed a multimedia presentation of the ICF. The study used a validated instrument to assess comprehension and collected demographic data from participants after they received one of the two presentations. Previous research on ICF comprehension has shown variable results and has primarily focused on vulnerable populations rather than healthy subjects in Phase I clinical trials. The study hypothesized that the multimedia presentation group would have higher comprehension scores based on Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, which posits that people learn better when information is received through two channels rather than one. The results of the study could help improve the informed consent process and protect research participants if
Clinical practice critical_research_paper essay sample from assignmentsupport...https://writeessayuk.com/
The document summarizes a qualitative research study that analyzed paradoxical realities in everyday clinical practice through interviews and surveys across 13 healthcare organizations in Canada. Key themes identified included near misses as a metaphor for system vulnerabilities, factors contributing to near misses like communication issues, and strategies for safer processes like improved training. Researchers conducted ethics-approved interviews with healthcare professionals and patients on their experiences. Data analysis identified major themes around system gaps and opportunities for enhanced safety. The rigorous study provided valuable insights into improving the healthcare system.
Effects of Feedback on Student Performance - Journal of Undergraduate ResearchDanyel Janssen, MS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of feedback on student performance while completing multiple computer tasks simultaneously. The study involved 32 undergraduate students performing letter recognition, math, and other tasks on a computer program. The experimental group received continuous visual feedback of their point total, while the control group did not. While the experimental group had a higher average point total, the results were not statistically significant. The study also found no significant effects of gender or interaction between feedback and gender. The lack of significant results may have been due to variability in performance measures or insufficient feedback design. Further research is needed to better understand how feedback impacts performance on non-motor tasks.
This study explored community stroke rehabilitation therapists' use of outcome measures in Scotland. A survey of 113 therapists found that the most commonly used measures were the Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti Balance and Gait scales for physical therapists, the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and Barthel Index for occupational therapists, and the Therapy Outcome Measure and Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test for speech and language therapists. The top reasons for selecting measures were that they are relevant to patients' goals, easy to use, and sensitive to change. However, over a third of therapists were dissatisfied with the relevance of available measures to patients. The study highlights tensions between best practice and constraints like financial barriers to using measures.
Many people rely on non-prescription drugs
therapy to treat common medical conditions. Health technology
can be a valid support to help people in selecting and choosing
an appropriate treatment.
Aim: This study examined how common people make their
decisions to select a non-prescription drug, evaluating
comprehensibility and satisfaction of a virtual tool that could
propose and sell different types of non-prescription drugs
therapy
Bayesian Model for Multivatiate Functional Principle Components AnalysisKevin Cummins
Kevin Cummins
Joint Doctoral Program in Interdisciplinary Research on Substance Use
University of California, San Diego
JSM Digital Poster Presentation, August 2015
This document discusses translating research into nursing practice through evidence-based practice. It defines evidence and the EBP process. It describes different types of quantitative and qualitative research methods like randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It discusses how to find, appraise, and apply evidence to clinical questions. The importance of validity, reliability, and applicability are covered. Overall, the document provides an overview of research translation and evidence-based nursing.
This article provides nurses with a guide for taking a comprehensive patient health history. It discusses creating a private environment and using open-ended questions to make the patient comfortable. The guide outlines systematically assessing the patient's chief complaint, past medical history, medications, family history, social history, and reviewing other body systems. Following this structured process helps nurses obtain thorough information to inform care.
This study examined the effect of complementary music therapy on postoperative patients' anxiety, pain, and noise satisfaction. Researchers recruited 41 postoperative patients from a hospital and assigned them to music therapy or control groups. Patients in the music therapy group listened to 30 minutes of non-lyrical music after analgesia, while controls received usual care. Patients completed questionnaires measuring anxiety, pain, and noise satisfaction at various times. Results showed music therapy increased pain and noise satisfaction but not anxiety. Researchers concluded music therapy may improve some postoperative outcomes but limitations included the small sample size. They recommended replicating the study with a larger, more diverse sample.
1) The case study examines the design of a clinical trial for a malaria vaccine that aims to be scientifically valid and have a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
2) There are questions around the scientific validity of the study design, as it may not adequately demonstrate the efficacy of the vaccine and could put participants at risk.
3) Evaluating the risk-benefit ratio and ensuring the study has social or scientific value are important for ethical research. However, the case study raises issues regarding how risks to child participants are justified.
critique osteoarthritis and cartilagefinal4182016James Nichols
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the efficacy of non-surgical treatment for pain and sensitization in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study used a pre-defined ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial to compare outcomes between a treatment group receiving neuromuscular exercise, education, diet, insoles and pain medications (MEDIC-treatment) and a control group receiving usual care. Outcomes included measures of pain intensity, pain pattern, pain spreading, medication usage, and pain sensitization, which were assessed at baseline and 3-month follow up. The study found some improvements in pain outcomes in the MEDIC-treatment group compared to usual care, though limitations in generalizability and potential confounding factors
Pediatric Screen Time Review - Journal Club Fatima Farid
Journal club session - review of a study conducted on the effects of screen time on a pediatric population, includes effective paper reviewing strategies.
The document provides guidance on how to critically appraise research studies and articles. It discusses evaluating key aspects of research such as the problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, conceptual framework, literature review, research design, sampling, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. Criteria are provided to assess each component, such as whether the problem is clearly defined, objectives are measurable, sampling and data collection methods are appropriate, and participant rights are protected. Recommended sources on nursing research and critiques are also listed.
This document summarizes a case study about developing a vaccine for malaria. It discusses three key ethical requirements for clinical research: 1) social or scientific value, 2) scientific validity, and 3) favorable risk-benefit ratio. For each requirement, the document analyzes how the malaria vaccine study meets or fails to meet that standard. For example, it notes that the study design may not adequately demonstrate the vaccine's efficacy and could put participants at risk without providing therapeutic benefit.
VU Library: Evidence-based practice tutorialIshbel Leggat
This presentation was designed for use in Library tutorials with Nursing & Paramedic Science students. The workshop introduces students to the basic concepts of evidence-based practice; asking answerable clinical questions using PICO; levels of evidence and how to search Library databases to find appropriate evidence.
Evidence based medicine (frequently asked DNB theory question)Raghavendra Babu
This document summarizes evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its application in pediatrics. EBM involves systematically searching medical literature, critically appraising evidence, and applying results to practice. While EBM is growing in pediatrics, more adoption is still needed. The key steps of EBM are asking answerable clinical questions, searching efficiently using databases like PubMed and limiting to clinical trials, critically appraising evidence, and applying to practice. Resources like Cochrane Library provide high-quality systematic reviews and evidence syntheses to help pediatricians practice EBM.
This research proposal outlines a quantitative study that aims to investigate nurses' attitudes, knowledge, and experiences in prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients in an acute hospital setting. A literature review identified key themes in end-of-life care including identifying the dying phase, providing comfort care, and managing symptoms. Several studies found that nurses and doctors differed in their approaches, with nurses more focused on comfort and doctors on cure, hindering optimal end-of-life care. The proposal will survey 200 nurses using questionnaires to assess their perspectives on comfort care for the dying. The goal is to identify needed interventions through education, training, and management to improve end-of-life care for patients in Irish hospitals.
Mixed method design is often noted as a methodology capitalizing on the advantage of in-depth study in qualitative approaches and the power of generalization in quantitative approaches.
To be useful, acknowledging the fundamental assumption underpinning these two approaches is paramount. Qualitative approach is individualistic where the findings are rich in explaining a phenomenon of interest in context while quantitative approach is normative where the findings represent an average pattern of a phenomenon of interest in a population.
Evidence Based Practice Lecture 6_slidesZakCooper1
This document discusses summarizing evidence in evidence-based practice. It describes how systematic reviews and meta-analyses aim to bring together all evidence on a treatment or test as single studies do not provide the full picture. It outlines the steps involved in creating a systematic review, including defining the question, searching for literature, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, and conducting analyses. Types of analysis like meta-analysis and limitations of systematic reviews are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of Paul Crane's involvement with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and the PROMIS initiative. It describes how he became interested in psychometrics during his fellowship and worked on early PROMIS projects. It also discusses how his wife Heidi integrated PRO assessments into routine HIV care through the CNICS network. Paul's PROMIS 2 project examined the depression domain in clinical practice. He has since served on the PROMIS Clinical Practice Subcommittee and the initiative is expanding with additional domains, populations, and efforts to integrate PROMIS into electronic health records.
This systematic review examined 17 peer-reviewed studies from 2006-2016 that measured nurses' preparedness for disaster response. The review found that previous disaster response experience and disaster-related training increased nurses' preparedness. However, most studies reported that nurses felt insufficiently prepared and not confident in their ability to effectively respond to disasters. The findings suggest that nurse educators and administrators should do more to prepare nurses through policies, training, and disaster simulation exercises.
This document provides an overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It defines RCTs as studies that compare two interventions by randomly assigning participants into groups. The key aspects covered include the importance of randomization for minimizing bias, common types of bias in RCTs, techniques for randomization, and ethical considerations. RCTs are considered the gold standard for inferring causality between an intervention and outcomes.
This document discusses different epidemiological research designs including cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Cross-sectional studies measure prevalence of disease or risk factors at a single point in time. Cohort studies follow groups over time to measure incidence. Case-control studies identify existing cases and look back to compare exposures between cases and controls. Each design has advantages and limitations for establishing causality and informing public health strategies.
This document discusses research design. It defines research design as the specific plan for conducting a study to translate a conceptual hypothesis into an operational one. Research design helps make decisions about how to complete the entire research process validly, objectively, accurately, and economically. The document then discusses classifications of study designs based on number of contacts with participants, reference period, and nature of investigation. It provides examples and advantages and disadvantages of descriptive studies like case reports, case series, and ecological studies as well as analytical studies like case-control and cohort studies. It also discusses experimental design, blind studies, and double-blind studies.
This document outlines a proposed study to develop and validate a new high-fidelity simulated learning environment (SLE) training module for use in audiology education. The study will have two phases: 1) development of the SLE module incorporating common errors identified by instructors, and 2) validation of the SLE module among instructors. Outcomes will provide input to improve the SLE and validate its use for basic clinical training of audiology students. Upon completion, the preliminary SLE model could be used for further research.
Effectiveness of Lecture Cum Demonstration Method on Knowledge and Skill Rega...Vivek Jamnik
The study aims to find the effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration method on knowledge and skill
regarding cranial nerve assessment among under graduate nursing student in selected nursing college.
Author & TitleAuthors Maggie Lawrence & Sue Kinn.Title Need.docxrock73
This study explored the experiences of family members of young adults who had strokes through qualitative interviews. The researchers conducted 24 interviews with 11 family member participants over 2 years. They found that family members experienced disrupted relationships, felt their lives were taken for granted, and developed a sense of uncertainty and worry. The study highlights the need for rehabilitation professionals to acknowledge family concerns and provide psychological support to facilitate recovery. It provides evidence for adopting a family-centered approach to rehabilitation.
The Dual Diagnosis Service Users Essay.pdfThe Dual Diagnosis Service Users EssayJan Champagne
This document discusses grounded theory, which is a qualitative research methodology. Grounded theory aims to build inductive theories through systematic collection and analysis of data. Researchers collect data through methods like interviews and observations and analyze it using coding to identify concepts and themes in the data and develop theoretical explanations. Grounded theory focuses on understanding the perspectives and experiences of research participants to develop theories grounded in the data itself rather than testing existing hypotheses.
This article provides nurses with a guide for taking a comprehensive patient health history. It discusses creating a private environment and using open-ended questions to make the patient comfortable. The guide outlines systematically assessing the patient's chief complaint, past medical history, medications, family history, social history, and reviewing other body systems. Following this structured process helps nurses obtain thorough information to inform care.
This study examined the effect of complementary music therapy on postoperative patients' anxiety, pain, and noise satisfaction. Researchers recruited 41 postoperative patients from a hospital and assigned them to music therapy or control groups. Patients in the music therapy group listened to 30 minutes of non-lyrical music after analgesia, while controls received usual care. Patients completed questionnaires measuring anxiety, pain, and noise satisfaction at various times. Results showed music therapy increased pain and noise satisfaction but not anxiety. Researchers concluded music therapy may improve some postoperative outcomes but limitations included the small sample size. They recommended replicating the study with a larger, more diverse sample.
1) The case study examines the design of a clinical trial for a malaria vaccine that aims to be scientifically valid and have a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
2) There are questions around the scientific validity of the study design, as it may not adequately demonstrate the efficacy of the vaccine and could put participants at risk.
3) Evaluating the risk-benefit ratio and ensuring the study has social or scientific value are important for ethical research. However, the case study raises issues regarding how risks to child participants are justified.
critique osteoarthritis and cartilagefinal4182016James Nichols
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the efficacy of non-surgical treatment for pain and sensitization in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study used a pre-defined ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial to compare outcomes between a treatment group receiving neuromuscular exercise, education, diet, insoles and pain medications (MEDIC-treatment) and a control group receiving usual care. Outcomes included measures of pain intensity, pain pattern, pain spreading, medication usage, and pain sensitization, which were assessed at baseline and 3-month follow up. The study found some improvements in pain outcomes in the MEDIC-treatment group compared to usual care, though limitations in generalizability and potential confounding factors
Pediatric Screen Time Review - Journal Club Fatima Farid
Journal club session - review of a study conducted on the effects of screen time on a pediatric population, includes effective paper reviewing strategies.
The document provides guidance on how to critically appraise research studies and articles. It discusses evaluating key aspects of research such as the problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, conceptual framework, literature review, research design, sampling, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. Criteria are provided to assess each component, such as whether the problem is clearly defined, objectives are measurable, sampling and data collection methods are appropriate, and participant rights are protected. Recommended sources on nursing research and critiques are also listed.
This document summarizes a case study about developing a vaccine for malaria. It discusses three key ethical requirements for clinical research: 1) social or scientific value, 2) scientific validity, and 3) favorable risk-benefit ratio. For each requirement, the document analyzes how the malaria vaccine study meets or fails to meet that standard. For example, it notes that the study design may not adequately demonstrate the vaccine's efficacy and could put participants at risk without providing therapeutic benefit.
VU Library: Evidence-based practice tutorialIshbel Leggat
This presentation was designed for use in Library tutorials with Nursing & Paramedic Science students. The workshop introduces students to the basic concepts of evidence-based practice; asking answerable clinical questions using PICO; levels of evidence and how to search Library databases to find appropriate evidence.
Evidence based medicine (frequently asked DNB theory question)Raghavendra Babu
This document summarizes evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its application in pediatrics. EBM involves systematically searching medical literature, critically appraising evidence, and applying results to practice. While EBM is growing in pediatrics, more adoption is still needed. The key steps of EBM are asking answerable clinical questions, searching efficiently using databases like PubMed and limiting to clinical trials, critically appraising evidence, and applying to practice. Resources like Cochrane Library provide high-quality systematic reviews and evidence syntheses to help pediatricians practice EBM.
This research proposal outlines a quantitative study that aims to investigate nurses' attitudes, knowledge, and experiences in prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients in an acute hospital setting. A literature review identified key themes in end-of-life care including identifying the dying phase, providing comfort care, and managing symptoms. Several studies found that nurses and doctors differed in their approaches, with nurses more focused on comfort and doctors on cure, hindering optimal end-of-life care. The proposal will survey 200 nurses using questionnaires to assess their perspectives on comfort care for the dying. The goal is to identify needed interventions through education, training, and management to improve end-of-life care for patients in Irish hospitals.
Mixed method design is often noted as a methodology capitalizing on the advantage of in-depth study in qualitative approaches and the power of generalization in quantitative approaches.
To be useful, acknowledging the fundamental assumption underpinning these two approaches is paramount. Qualitative approach is individualistic where the findings are rich in explaining a phenomenon of interest in context while quantitative approach is normative where the findings represent an average pattern of a phenomenon of interest in a population.
Evidence Based Practice Lecture 6_slidesZakCooper1
This document discusses summarizing evidence in evidence-based practice. It describes how systematic reviews and meta-analyses aim to bring together all evidence on a treatment or test as single studies do not provide the full picture. It outlines the steps involved in creating a systematic review, including defining the question, searching for literature, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, and conducting analyses. Types of analysis like meta-analysis and limitations of systematic reviews are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of Paul Crane's involvement with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and the PROMIS initiative. It describes how he became interested in psychometrics during his fellowship and worked on early PROMIS projects. It also discusses how his wife Heidi integrated PRO assessments into routine HIV care through the CNICS network. Paul's PROMIS 2 project examined the depression domain in clinical practice. He has since served on the PROMIS Clinical Practice Subcommittee and the initiative is expanding with additional domains, populations, and efforts to integrate PROMIS into electronic health records.
This systematic review examined 17 peer-reviewed studies from 2006-2016 that measured nurses' preparedness for disaster response. The review found that previous disaster response experience and disaster-related training increased nurses' preparedness. However, most studies reported that nurses felt insufficiently prepared and not confident in their ability to effectively respond to disasters. The findings suggest that nurse educators and administrators should do more to prepare nurses through policies, training, and disaster simulation exercises.
This document provides an overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It defines RCTs as studies that compare two interventions by randomly assigning participants into groups. The key aspects covered include the importance of randomization for minimizing bias, common types of bias in RCTs, techniques for randomization, and ethical considerations. RCTs are considered the gold standard for inferring causality between an intervention and outcomes.
This document discusses different epidemiological research designs including cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Cross-sectional studies measure prevalence of disease or risk factors at a single point in time. Cohort studies follow groups over time to measure incidence. Case-control studies identify existing cases and look back to compare exposures between cases and controls. Each design has advantages and limitations for establishing causality and informing public health strategies.
This document discusses research design. It defines research design as the specific plan for conducting a study to translate a conceptual hypothesis into an operational one. Research design helps make decisions about how to complete the entire research process validly, objectively, accurately, and economically. The document then discusses classifications of study designs based on number of contacts with participants, reference period, and nature of investigation. It provides examples and advantages and disadvantages of descriptive studies like case reports, case series, and ecological studies as well as analytical studies like case-control and cohort studies. It also discusses experimental design, blind studies, and double-blind studies.
This document outlines a proposed study to develop and validate a new high-fidelity simulated learning environment (SLE) training module for use in audiology education. The study will have two phases: 1) development of the SLE module incorporating common errors identified by instructors, and 2) validation of the SLE module among instructors. Outcomes will provide input to improve the SLE and validate its use for basic clinical training of audiology students. Upon completion, the preliminary SLE model could be used for further research.
Effectiveness of Lecture Cum Demonstration Method on Knowledge and Skill Rega...Vivek Jamnik
The study aims to find the effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration method on knowledge and skill
regarding cranial nerve assessment among under graduate nursing student in selected nursing college.
Author & TitleAuthors Maggie Lawrence & Sue Kinn.Title Need.docxrock73
This study explored the experiences of family members of young adults who had strokes through qualitative interviews. The researchers conducted 24 interviews with 11 family member participants over 2 years. They found that family members experienced disrupted relationships, felt their lives were taken for granted, and developed a sense of uncertainty and worry. The study highlights the need for rehabilitation professionals to acknowledge family concerns and provide psychological support to facilitate recovery. It provides evidence for adopting a family-centered approach to rehabilitation.
The Dual Diagnosis Service Users Essay.pdfThe Dual Diagnosis Service Users EssayJan Champagne
This document discusses grounded theory, which is a qualitative research methodology. Grounded theory aims to build inductive theories through systematic collection and analysis of data. Researchers collect data through methods like interviews and observations and analyze it using coding to identify concepts and themes in the data and develop theoretical explanations. Grounded theory focuses on understanding the perspectives and experiences of research participants to develop theories grounded in the data itself rather than testing existing hypotheses.
This study evaluated the effects of dance therapy for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses compared to standard care. A single study with 45 participants found that those receiving dance therapy plus routine care had significantly greater reduction in negative symptoms compared to routine care alone, based on PANSS scores. However, there were no differences between groups in overall PANSS scores, positive symptoms, satisfaction, or quality of life. The authors concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of dance therapy for schizophrenia due to the single small study available. Further high-quality research is needed.
Evaluation of Research Essay Discussion.pdfsdfghj21
This document provides guidelines for an assignment to evaluate empirical research related to a PICOT question. Students are instructed to write a 1,250-1,500 word paper evaluating literature on their PICOT question by addressing study conclusions, merits, and limitations. Feedback from instructors is also discussed, noting a revised PICOT question focusing more specifically on patient outcomes and data collection time period.
Difference Between Quantitative And Qualitative ResearchMelanie Smith
The document discusses the differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. It notes that while there may seem to be little difference to those new to research, scholars see vast differences between the two models. It describes how quantitative research relies on empirical data and statistics while qualitative research is more subjective and naturalistic. The document also discusses how qualitative research has become more rigorous over time in its data collection and analysis, and that a combined or integrated approach using both methods can provide a more comprehensive way to study phenomena.
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptxRuthJoshila
This document discusses the conceptual phase and design/planning phase of quantitative research. It covers developing a research problem by selecting and narrowing a topic, evaluating problems based on significance, researchability and feasibility. It also discusses formulating a final research problem statement. The conceptual phase also involves reviewing related literature and defining a theoretical framework. Developing hypotheses is also covered. The design/planning phase involves selecting a research design such as experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre-experimental designs. Key methodological decisions are made to ensure validity and credibility of study findings.
Critical Research Appraisal AssignmentNUR501 PhilosophiMargenePurnell14
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
NUR501: Philosophical & Theoretical, Evidence-Based Research
Dr. Corzo-Sanchez
June 24, 2022
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
Nursing research uncovers new knowledge to help build the foundation of clinical practice. Research can help prevent diseases and disabilities, help manage symptoms, establish new treatment plans and improve nursing skills. This is why nurses need to be able to participate in and analyze research, as this can bring positive outcomes to their careers and the health of their patients. There are two different types of research, quantitative and qualitative, that provide information and data. For this assignment, I chose one qualitative research that focuses on the stress and burnout experienced by nursing professionals and one quantitative analysis that explores nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Each study will be evaluated thoroughly and analyzed.
Qualitative Research
The definition of qualitative research can be challenging. Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences (Morgan et al., 2021). This form of research explores deeper insights into real-world problems in an emergent and holistic way. Qualitative data can be collected using various methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, and documentation analysis (Hoover, 2021). Qualitative research has been used in nursing for many years, but it was not the first method used in nursing. Before quantitative research, philosophical methods such as hermeneutics and phenomenology were the only options for professional inquiry (Butts & Rich, 2017). However, it was changed to qualitative research because its ways were incompatible with science. There are three major approaches to qualitative research, (1) ethnography, based on anthropology, (2) phenomenology, drawn from philosophy; and (3) grounded theory, drawn from sociology (Morgan et al., 2021). The use of qualitative studies is common due to its many strengths, such as providing multiple methods of data collection, more detailed information, and how it can refine and strengthen quantitative research. However, some of the limitations of this form of research are difficulty analyzing and collecting data while being more time-consuming.
Evaluating and Analyzing a Selected Qualitative Study
For the example of the qualitative study, I chose Luis M. Dos Santos's study, which focused on the effects of stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy in nursing professionals. The quantitative research aimed to understand and explore how social and environmental factors influence nursing professionals’ self-efficacy. In the study, the Social Cognitive Theory was used to define how each subject was affected based on their thoughts, behaviors, feeling, and personal beliefs (Dos Santos, 2020). For this research study, the phenomenological approach and analysis were used thought the survey to collec ...
Research Critique of a Published Quantitative Research.docxwrite22
The study aimed to evaluate women's experiences of postnatal distress during the first year after childbirth. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 women who had experienced psychological issues after giving birth. The interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The results indicated that women experience various emotional difficulties following childbirth, associated with adjusting to their new role as mothers. The study provides insights that could help improve support for women after childbirth.
Running head CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS.docxtodd271
Running head: CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
5
CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies
Adenike George
Walden University
NURS 6052: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
April 11, 2019
Critique of Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Method Design
Both quantitative and qualitative methods play a pivotal role in nursing research. Qualitative research helps nurses and other healthcare workers to understand the experiences of the patients on health and illness. Quantitative data allows researchers to use an accurate approach in data collection and analysis. When using quantitative techniques, data can be analyzed using either descriptive statistics or inferential statistics which allows the researchers to derive important facts like demographics, preference trends, and differences between the groups. The paper comprehensively critiques quantitative and quantitative techniques of research. Furthermore, the author will also give reasons as to why qualitative methods should be regarded as scientific.
The overall value of quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative studies allow the researchers to present data in terms of numbers. Since data is in numeric form, researchers can apply statistical techniques in analyzing it. These include descriptive statistics like mean, mode, median, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, t-tests, correlation and regression analysis. Statistical analysis allows us to derive important facts from data such as preference trends, demographics, and differences between groups. For instance, by conducting a mixed methods study to determine the feeding experiences of infants among teen mothers in North Carolina, Tucker and colleagues were able to compare breastfeeding trends among various population groups. The multiple groups compared were likely to initiate breastfeeding as follows: Hispanic teens 89%, Black American teens 41%, and White teens 52% (Tucker et al., 2011).
The high strength of quantitative analysis lies in providing data that is descriptive. The descriptive statistics helps us to capture a snapshot of the population. When analyzed appropriate, the descriptive data enables us to make general conclusions concerning the population. For instance, through detailed data analysis, Tucker and co-researchers were able to observe that there were a large number of adolescents who ceased breastfeeding within the first month drawing the need for nurses to conduct individualized follow-ups the early days after hospital discharge. These follow-ups would significantly assist in addressing the conventional technical problems and offer support in managing back to school transition (Tucker et al., 2011).
Qualitative research allows researchers to determine the client’s perspective on healthcare. It enables researchers to observe certain behaviors and experiences amo.
Qualitative research methods - marking practiceLauraSw
The document describes a study that investigated a befriending program in Scotland from the perspective of the volunteer befrienders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 befrienders, 5 males and 5 females aged 25-36. The researchers analyzed the interview transcripts using inductive content analysis. The findings showed that the befrienders believed they received personal benefits from participating in the program, such as appreciating other cultures and gaining insight into challenges faced by minority groups.
SAMPLE PAPERRunning head RESEARCH CRITIQUE ON P.docxtodd331
SAMPLE PAPER
Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE ON PREOPERATIVE EDUCATION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES 1
RESEARCH CRITIQUE ON PREOPERATIVE EDUCATION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES 2
Research Critique on Preoperative Education and Patient Outcomes
Preoperative patient education for surgery can be done at different times and by different methods. The purpose of this paper is to critique four research articles that show how different preoperative education methods affect patient outcomes. The first two research articles to be discussed are quantitative research papers Postoperative Instructions Preoperatively-Evaluating Effectiveness of a Teaching Model on Patient Satisfaction Regarding Instructions for Home Care and Preoperative Education Reduces Preoperative Anxiety in Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery: Usefulness of the Self-Reported Beck Anxiety Inventory. Additionally, two qualitative research studies will be discussed, A Multidisciplinary Preoperative Teaching Session for Women Awaiting Breast Cancer Surgery: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Rehabilitation Process and Outcome and A Qualitative Study of Patient Education Needs for Hip and Knee Replacement. This paper will discuss how these four studies relate to the PICOT question, nursing practice and their ethical considerations. The author will critique the four articles and answer the PICOT statement about preoperative patient education and its effects on patient outcomes.
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement
Many surgery patients experience fear and anxiety associated with their surgery that results in low patient satisfaction scores and poor postoperative outcomes. Prior research has shown that preoperative teaching that includes postoperative care is effective in reducing fear and anxiety in surgery patients. Surgery can be a difficult experience for many patients with fear of the unknown.
The PICOT statement asks a question related to preoperative patient education. In a 66-year old woman scheduled for hip-replacement surgery, will preoperative patient education as compared to no preoperative patient education improve patient outcomes over a 1-month time frame? The patient in the scenario shares many similarities to a typical surgery patient including a high anxiety level and fear of the unknown due to scant preoperative education. She is unsure of what to expect during the surgery and the postoperative requirements. Analyzing both quantitative and qualitative research articles will help answer the PICOT question.
Background of Study
The first quantitative research article by Hovsepian, McGah & O’Brien (2017) aimed to increase patient satisfaction scores for discharge teaching and improve retention of home care instructions. They were not meeting their goals for patient satisfaction for discharge teaching at their outpatient surgery facility where they serve a diverse patient population in Massachusetts. The researchers felt moving the timing of Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) teaching t.
Risk of Bias_StaR Child Health Summit_07May12michele_hamm
Michele Hamm presented at the StaR Child Health Summit in Winnipeg, Manitoba on May 7, 2012. The presentation discussed the growing evidence that pediatric clinical trials often have a high risk of bias, which can lead to overestimations of treatment benefits or underestimations of harms. Hamm described a mixed methods study involving surveys and interviews with pediatric trialists to understand the barriers and facilitators they face in designing and conducting methodologically rigorous trials. The study found that a lack of formal research training, insufficient funding, and negative research cultures can contribute to higher risks of bias in trials. Developing cohesive study teams, reliable review processes
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
Academy of Healing Arts Adolescents Learning Disabilities Discussion Response...sdfghj21
This document summarizes a research article that used a phenomenological approach to understand the perspectives of adolescents with learning disabilities. Five adolescents with learning disabilities were interviewed to gather their views on their everyday experiences. The interviews were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis to identify themes in their experiences. Key themes that emerged included social experiences, school experiences, understanding of their learning disabilities, and self-advocacy. The purpose of gathering perspectives directly from the adolescents was to better understand their experiences from their point of view.
Thank You for referencing this work, if you find it useful!
Berrocal, A., Wac, K., (2018). Peer-ceived Well-Being: Exploring the Value of Peers for Human Stress Assessment in-Situ, ACM UBICOMP/ISWC Doctoral Colloquium, Singapore, October 2018.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. The Relationship Between
Inadequate Sleep and
Unintentional Injury
Group Two B:
Amanda Anderson, Trina Cluny, Barbara MacDonald,
Barbara Pernsky, Blake Webster
MHST/NURS603 - Facilitating Inquiry
Athabasca University
Dr. M.Myer
July 18, 2011
2. Objective
This objective of this presentation is to showcase
two studies conducted by Group Two B from the
MHST/NURS603 - Facilitating Inquiry class.
Following this presentation, students in the class
will participate in a discussion forum to provide
further insight into the research question.
The members of Group Two B appreciate your
engagement in reviewing the presentation and
participating in the discussion forum. Your
contribution will enhance our understanding of the
research question and process.
3. Introduction:
Research Process
Two small studies were conducted, one qualitative
and one quantitative.
The sample for the qualitative study consisted
of four students from Group Two B, leaving one
student as principal investigator.
The sample for the quantitative study consisted
of all students (n=18) in the MHST/NURS603 -
Facilitating Inquiry class
The same research question was examined in
both studies.
4. Introduction
Sleep is essential to sustaining life.
Inadequate sleep contributes to many health
issues and poorer health overall.
Is there a relationship between inadequate
sleep and unintentional injury?
(National Sleep Foundation, 2011)
5. Introduction:
Research Question
Findings from two small studies—one
qualitative and one quantitative, were used
to examine the following research question:
―What are Athabasca University
students’ perceptions about the
relationship between inadequate sleep
and unintentional injuries?‖
6. Literature Review
A substantial body of research exists that
links inadequate sleep and sleep problems
to increased risk of unintentional injuries in
children, adolescents and adults.
Adequate sleep has several determinants.
The degree of sleep efficiency, sleep
quality, and refreshing sleep affects an
individual’s ability to function the following
day (Rosekind & Gregory, 2010).
7. Literature Review
Sleep deprivation results in a decreased
ability to respond quickly to stimuli,
decreased attentiveness, and increased
daytime sleepiness (Spengler, Browning, &
Reed, 2004).
Shift workers sleep an hour less per day on
average when compared to daytime
workers as a result of a disruption in the
body’s circadian rhythms (Sleepdex, 2011).
8. Literature Review
Sleep deprivation is the number one most
common health complaint of shift workers
as it negatively affects quality of life and job
performance (Shields, 2003).
Sleep deprivation is a major contributing
factor in jeopardizing nurses’ psychomotor
performance, and creates opportunity for
unintentional injury to themselves, co-
workers, and patients (Johnson, Brown, &
Weaver, 2010).
9. Ethical Considerations
Ethical approval for the studies was not
obtained since this was an exercise in
student understanding of the processes
and application of qualitative and
quantitative research methods.
Participant information letters and consent
forms were developed for both lab
exercises to acknowledge the importance
of informed consent and adherence to
ethical guidelines in research studies
involving human participants.
10. Qualitative Study:
Theoretical Framework
Utilizing a phenomenological approach
each member of a focus group was asked
to provide personal insight regarding sleep
in an effort to understand their perception
of sleep and its relationship to unintentional
injuries.
11. Qualitative Study: Methods
Research Design
An on-line synchronous focus group was
conducted with four of the Group two/B
members acting as participants and one
member acting as Principal Investigator.
Focus groups can elicit information from
multiple participants creating a picture of
combined perspectives. Employing computer
technology to conduct focus group sessions
allows researchers to bring together
participants with similar characteristics
regardless of geographic location.
12. Qualitative Study: Methods
Sampling
All participants were students of Facilitating
Inquiry (MHST/NURS603 at AU).
Researchers & participants called Group Two/B
which was chosen randomly by Professor
Maggie Myers.
All participants were health care professionals
who have:
Varying levels of experience with computers and online
communication.
Participants – different cultures , ages, different work
experiences.
Participants from across Canada – different time zones with
one student traveling through Asia.
13. Qualitative Study: Methods
Measures and Data Collection
Data was collected from the four
participants during a single on-line focus
group session utilizing a Focus Group
Interview Guide which was developed by
all members of Group Two/B.
14. Qualitative Study: Methods
Study Procedures
A focus group meeting was scheduled via a chat
room session on the Athabasca University (AU) web
site created for the course Facilitating Inquiry,
MHST/NURS603.
The principal investigator facilitated dialogue between
the participants.
Verbatim transcripts were copied and pasted into a
table format according to the order in which the
questions were presented.
Common themes were identified and grouped
together to generate a single, composite response to
each of the questions.
Findings were validated as all participants
participated in data analysis and assisted in writing
the final report.
15. Qualitative Study: Findings
Defining Adequate Sleep
Participants felt quality of sleep is more
important than number of hours of sleep.
All participants felt they did not get enough
sleep.
Reasons for lack of adequate sleep ranged
from shift work, multiple responsibilities of work,
master courses, age, family.
All participants felt inadequate sleep negatively
impacted them physically, emotionally, and
spiritually.
16. Qualitative Study: Findings
Inadequate Sleep & Unintentional Injury
Participants related poor judgment
and lack of mental awareness to
inadequate sleep.
One participant stated feeling ―at risk
for injury as driving home after a night
shift is dangerous‖.
17. Qualitative Study: Findings
Polices to Decrease Unintentional Injury
Participants felt there should be
guidelines aimed at reducing
unintentional injuries related to
inadequate sleep.
Suggestions regarding who would be
responsible for such policies included:
unions, governments, nursing
associations, workplace safety
organizations.
18. Qualitative Study: Discussion
Interpretation of Results
Participants noted that inadequate sleep:
tends to negatively impact physical,
emotional, and spiritual well-being.
can contribute to making poor
judgments and a lack of mental
awareness.
may increase the likelihood of
unintentional injuries.
19. Qualitative Study: Discussion
Limitations of the Study
Related to the nature of the lab group
exercise and inexperienced researchers.
Sample size was limited to four
participants.
Single session does not provide as
much reliable data as multiple sessions.
Online chat session did not allow for
non-verbal interaction between the
group members.
There was inherent bias with the
researchers acting as participants.
21. Quantitative Study:
Theoretical Framework
Utilizing the findings from the qualitative
study, a descriptive quantitative study was
designed to continue examining the
relationship between inadequate sleep and
unintentional injury.
22. Quantitative Study: Methods
Research Design
A 10-item likert survey was designed utilizing
the results from a small qualitative study to
determine the relationship between inadequate
sleep and unintentional injury.
Two of the questions allowed for participants to
describe the unintentional injury or near miss
that they experienced.
23. Quantitative Study: Methods
Research Design
A coding framework was designed
assigning a value from 1-10 depending
on the amount of agreement the subject
indicated for each variable.
Selecting the number 10 indicated the most
agreement with the statement; 1 the least amount of
agreement.
If a question was left blank by the participant or the
participant selected N/A a value of 0 was assigned.
24. Quantitative Study: Methods
Sampling
Convenience sampling was used for the study,
with participants being all of the students
enrolled in the Spring Session of the course
MHST/NURS 603 (n=18)
Participants were students completing
graduate-level courses at Athabasca University
(AU) with a variety of experiences.
Specific demographic information was not collected
as this was a learning exercise and ethical approval
from AU’s REB was not sought.
25. Quantitative Study: Methods
Measures and Data Collection
Questionnaire contained 10 questions with
multiple responses based on qualitative
findings.
Likert scale used with consistent numerical
value (1 to 10) where:
1 = strongly disagree and
10 = strongly agree.
Three questions solicited ―Yes‖ or ―No‖
responses.
26. Quantitative Study: Methods
Study Procedures
Questionnaire implemented through
Survey Monkey
participants were notified by email and a
posting on AU discussion forum.
participants had a two day window to
complete survey.
Findings analyzed with Survey Monkey
and SPSS software.
27. Quantitative Study: Findings
Defining Adequate Sleep
82.3% of participants rated ―based more
on quality of sleep than quantity‖
between 8 and 10 on the Likert scale
39.3% of participants identified ―having
at least 8-hours of undisturbed sleep‖ as
a defining characteristic of adequate
sleep on the same scale
28. Defining Adequate
Sleep
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Quality over Quantity
At Least 8 Hours
Feeling Rested
29. Do you get enough adequate
sleep the majority of the time?
28%
Yes
72%
No
30. Quantitative Study: Findings
Defining Inadequate Sleep
―Being restless and disturbed several times‖ being
identified by 82.4% of participants between 8 and
10 on the likert scale.
―Not feeling refreshed and rejuvenated‖ was
another important indicator of inadequate sleep
identified by 77.7% of participants on the same
scale.
32. Quantitative Study: Findings
Unintentional Injury & Sleep
While only 16.7% of participants stated they
experienced an unintentional injury in the past 12
months that they related to inadequate sleep…
16.7
Yes
83.3
No
33. Quantitative Study: Findings
Unintentional Injury & Sleep
…when asked about ―near misses‖ 61.1% stated they
had a near miss (of unintentional injury) in the past 12
months.
38.9
61.1 Yes
No
34. Quantitative Study: Findings
Unintentional Injury & Sleep
40% of participants identified near misses with
medication administration to patients.
40% of participants identified near misses related
to driving accidents.
Other unintentional injuries/near misses identified
included illness and minor injuries related to being
less coordinated.
35. Quantitative Study: Findings
Unintentional Injury & Sleep
Correlation between lack of sleep and reported
occurrences of unintentional injury and/or near
misses were examined using a two-tailed
Spearman’s rho test.
A significant relationship (correlation coefficient
0.565) was identified between experiencing a near
miss of unintentional injury and belief that lack of
sleep is linked to increased mistakes.
36. Quantitative Study: Findings
Correlation between:
Lack of Sleep, Unintentional Injuries, Near Misses
A B C
A. Lack of sleep is linked to
increased mistakes & poor
1.00 0.565* 0.202
performance
B. Experienced a near miss
of unintentional injury
0.565* 1.00 0.306
C. Experienced an
0.202 0.306 1.00
unintentional injury
*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
37. Quantitative Study: Discussion
Interpretation of Results
The study reflects the importance of quality sleep
and feeling refreshed upon awakening in relation
to one’s ability to perform and function the next
day.
Consistent with the literature, the findings from this
quantitative study indicate a link between
inadequate sleep to increased risk of unintentional
injuries and near misses.
Of particular concern is the rate of near misses
associated with inadequate sleep with a
statistically significant correlation demonstrated in
this study.
38. Quantitative Study: Discussion
Limitations of the Study
Related to the nature of the lab group exercise
and inexperienced researchers.
Sample size was limited to 18 participants.
Response rate to the survey was likely falsely
high, as all participants were encouraged to
complete the survey as part of their course
requirements
There was inherent bias with the researchers
acting as participants.
Convenience sampling increases the potential
for bias.
39. Implications of Both Studies
Both qualitative and quantitative studies confirm
the relationship between inadequate sleep and
unintentional injury.
The findings suggest the need for public
awareness campaigns to inform about the
relationship between inadequate sleep and
unintentional injury.
The findings draw attention to a need for the
development of industry specific standards and
public health policies that create supportive
environments where adequate sleep is
emphasized as a component of reducing the
risk for unintentional injuries.
40. Conclusion
Both of these small scale quantitative and
qualitative research studies confirm a relationship
of unintentional injury and inadequate sleep.
The National Sleep Institute urges an investigation
to create policies, identify and implement
strategies to increase awareness and reduce
unintentional injuries related to inadequate sleep.
More-extensive research is warranted to build a
stronger knowledge base and apply information
and strategies to impact health outcomes within
broader populations.
41. References
Johnson, A. L., Brown, K., & Weaver, M. T.
(2010). Sleep Deprivation and Psychomotor
Performance Among Night-Shift Nurses.
AAOHN: American Association of
Occupational Health Nurses, 58(4), 147-154.
National Sleep Foundation (2011) Retrieved from
www.sleepfoundation.org/
Rosekind, M. R., & Gregory, K. B. (2010).
Insomnia Risks and Costs: Health, Safety, and
Quality of Life. The American Journal of
Managed Care, 16(8), 617-626.
42. References
Shields, M. (2003).The Health of Canada’s Shift
Workers.Health Reports, 13(4), 21-25.
Sleepdex. (2011, June).Sleep problems among
shift workers. Retrieved from
http://www.sleepdex.org/shiftwork.htm
Spengler, S. E., Browning, S. R., & Reed, D. B.
(2004). Sleep Deprivation and Injuries in Part-
Time Kentucky Farmers: Impact of Self
Reported Sleep Habits and Sleep Problems
on Injury Risk. AAOHN: American Association
of Occupational Health Nurses, 52(9), 373-
382.