Meaning : The bandhas are an important part of asana practice. The Sanskrit word Bandha means to hold, tighten or lock. The bandhas aim to lock the Pranas in particular areas and redirect their flow into Sushumna Nadi for the purpose of spiritual awakening. Bandhas are the ‘body locks’ that are held by tightening and lifting of certain muscles of the body.
Types of Bandhas:
Jaladhara bandha (throat)
Uddiyana bandha (abdomen)
Moola bandha (located in the perineum)
Jalandhara Bandha – The Chin Lock :
Jalandhara bandha is one of the energetic locks used in a Hatha Yog practice.
It is also known as ‘chin lock’.
The Sanskrit meaning of Jala is ‘web’ or ‘net’ and dhara means ‘holding’.
It is performed by extending the neck and elevating the sternum before dropping the head so that the chin may rest on the chest.
Method : Jalandhara Mudra
Sit erect in meditative pose like Padmasana or Siddhasana.
Place the palms on the knees and make sure that the knees are touching the floor.
Close your eyes and relax the body. Breathe normally.
Now inhale slowly and deeply and then hold the breath.
Bend the head forward so that the chin touches the chest between the two collar bones notch/pit of the sternum.
Straighten the arms and press the knees down with the palms to create a kind of locked position. The shoulders are slightly forward to make sure the arms stay locked.
Hold this position as long as you are comfortable. Remember that the breath is held inside. Beginners should hold the breath for just a few seconds. Later it can be increased to a minute or more depending on your capacity.
To release the lock bend the arms, raise your head and exhale out. Come back to the straight position and take a few normal breaths.
Repeat the process as many times as you feel comfortable.
Benefits
It stimulates the thyroid and the para thyroid glands. Thus regulates the body metabolism.
Jalandhara Bandha helps to activate the throat (Vishudhi) chakra.
It prevents the Prana Shakti from moving upwards.
It increases the blood flow in the brain.
Jalandhara Bandha is one of the three yogic locks that have to be mastered before attempting the Maha Bandha or the triple lock.
Precautions
Avoid in high or low blood pressure, heart diseases.
Avoid in stiffness of neck, cervical spondylitis & spondylosis.
Never force your chin to touch the notch/pit of sternum.
Uddiyana Bandha- The Flying Up Lock
The word Uddiyana in Sanskrit means - to fly up, or to rise up. This ‘flying up lock’ means- flying upwards of one’s internal energy i.e. Prana.
Method
Sit erect in any meditative asan and keep your palms on the knees. Relax whole body by closing the eyes.
Inhale slowly and gradually then exhale completely so that abdomen moves inwards as much as possible with one breath.
Then perform Jalandar bandha.
Upper abdomen moves inwards underneath the rib cage with chest moving outwards is called Uddiyana bandha.
Hold this position comfortably as
Surya Namaskara also known in English as Sun Salutation (lit. "salute to the sun") is a common sequence of asanas. Its origins lie in a worship of Surya, the Hindu solar deity. This sequence of movements and asanas can be practised on varying levels of awareness, ranging from that of physical exercise in various styles, to a complete sadhana which incorporates asana, pranayama, mantra and chakra meditation. It is often the beginning vinyasa within a longer yoga series. Sūrya Namaskāra may also refer to other styles of "Salutations to the Sun".
Mudra means “gesture or attitude”
A mudra may involve the whole body in a combination of asana, pranayama, bandha and visualization technique.
Define as “ Mudam anandam dadati iti mudra” means the actions that gives us pleasure, bliss is called mudra.
Mudra denotes the sense of evoking a hidden power or uniting with something large.
In hatha yoga, mudras are used in conjunction with pranayama (yogic breathing exercises), generally while in a seated posture, to stimulate different parts of the body involved with breathing and to affect the flow of prana, bindu, boddhicitta, amrita or consciousness in the body.
Meaning : The bandhas are an important part of asana practice. The Sanskrit word Bandha means to hold, tighten or lock. The bandhas aim to lock the Pranas in particular areas and redirect their flow into Sushumna Nadi for the purpose of spiritual awakening. Bandhas are the ‘body locks’ that are held by tightening and lifting of certain muscles of the body.
Types of Bandhas:
Jaladhara bandha (throat)
Uddiyana bandha (abdomen)
Moola bandha (located in the perineum)
Jalandhara Bandha – The Chin Lock :
Jalandhara bandha is one of the energetic locks used in a Hatha Yog practice.
It is also known as ‘chin lock’.
The Sanskrit meaning of Jala is ‘web’ or ‘net’ and dhara means ‘holding’.
It is performed by extending the neck and elevating the sternum before dropping the head so that the chin may rest on the chest.
Method : Jalandhara Mudra
Sit erect in meditative pose like Padmasana or Siddhasana.
Place the palms on the knees and make sure that the knees are touching the floor.
Close your eyes and relax the body. Breathe normally.
Now inhale slowly and deeply and then hold the breath.
Bend the head forward so that the chin touches the chest between the two collar bones notch/pit of the sternum.
Straighten the arms and press the knees down with the palms to create a kind of locked position. The shoulders are slightly forward to make sure the arms stay locked.
Hold this position as long as you are comfortable. Remember that the breath is held inside. Beginners should hold the breath for just a few seconds. Later it can be increased to a minute or more depending on your capacity.
To release the lock bend the arms, raise your head and exhale out. Come back to the straight position and take a few normal breaths.
Repeat the process as many times as you feel comfortable.
Benefits
It stimulates the thyroid and the para thyroid glands. Thus regulates the body metabolism.
Jalandhara Bandha helps to activate the throat (Vishudhi) chakra.
It prevents the Prana Shakti from moving upwards.
It increases the blood flow in the brain.
Jalandhara Bandha is one of the three yogic locks that have to be mastered before attempting the Maha Bandha or the triple lock.
Precautions
Avoid in high or low blood pressure, heart diseases.
Avoid in stiffness of neck, cervical spondylitis & spondylosis.
Never force your chin to touch the notch/pit of sternum.
Uddiyana Bandha- The Flying Up Lock
The word Uddiyana in Sanskrit means - to fly up, or to rise up. This ‘flying up lock’ means- flying upwards of one’s internal energy i.e. Prana.
Method
Sit erect in any meditative asan and keep your palms on the knees. Relax whole body by closing the eyes.
Inhale slowly and gradually then exhale completely so that abdomen moves inwards as much as possible with one breath.
Then perform Jalandar bandha.
Upper abdomen moves inwards underneath the rib cage with chest moving outwards is called Uddiyana bandha.
Hold this position comfortably as
Surya Namaskara also known in English as Sun Salutation (lit. "salute to the sun") is a common sequence of asanas. Its origins lie in a worship of Surya, the Hindu solar deity. This sequence of movements and asanas can be practised on varying levels of awareness, ranging from that of physical exercise in various styles, to a complete sadhana which incorporates asana, pranayama, mantra and chakra meditation. It is often the beginning vinyasa within a longer yoga series. Sūrya Namaskāra may also refer to other styles of "Salutations to the Sun".
Mudra means “gesture or attitude”
A mudra may involve the whole body in a combination of asana, pranayama, bandha and visualization technique.
Define as “ Mudam anandam dadati iti mudra” means the actions that gives us pleasure, bliss is called mudra.
Mudra denotes the sense of evoking a hidden power or uniting with something large.
In hatha yoga, mudras are used in conjunction with pranayama (yogic breathing exercises), generally while in a seated posture, to stimulate different parts of the body involved with breathing and to affect the flow of prana, bindu, boddhicitta, amrita or consciousness in the body.
this show was complied from amny books for the basic knowledge of bharatnatyam -it shows hand gestures, shiro bheda and drishti bedha and rear pictures of gurus of bharatnatyam --compiled by third eye cultural school -09417026908
Los misterios y verdades de: Los Mudras, el conocimiento ancestral, es tan actual como hoy (El Presente) aquí en este documento hay una pequeña prueba de ello.
Yoganidhi Dr Lathashekhar has mastery over Mudra Therapy and she has been instrumental in curing thousands of difficult health issues with Mudra therapy
Mudra significa gesto. Los mudras son los gestos corporales que se utilizan especialmente en el Hatha Yoga, pero que también se utilizan en otros tipos de meditación. Estos gestos son muy importantes, porque nos permiten canalizar adecuadamente la energía a través de nuestro cuerpo, así como facilitar la consecución de numerosos objetivos de elevación espiritual, metal y física. Hay mudras muy sencillos e igualmente poderosos que sólo requiere de nuestras manos para alcanzar nuestros objetivos.
In this article, Yogacharya Ananda Bhavanani explains that meditation is a way of uniting with our supreme nature and may be described as fixing the mind on the Supreme with devotion and discipline. As we know, dhyana or meditation is the seventh of the eight steps in the Ashtanga Yoga of Patanjali and is part of the antaranga or inner steps of Yoga, the path leading to Self-realization. Yogacharya offers an overview of meditation and suggests some aids to meditation including the use of mudras and tratak, or yogic gazing.
This article appeared in the The Inner Yoga. Integral Yoga Magazine, USA. Spring 2011.
In each of us there is a Mothering energy, known for centuries as the key to spiritual enlightenment. It lies dormant, coiled in the Sacrum bone at the base of the spine. It is called Kundalini,
meaning feminine coiled energy. When awakened, we feel a
gentle cool fountain of energy above the top of the head and
cool vibrations on the hands. Sometimes a warm energy is felt as the Kundalini encounters friction in its path - however this will
clear to cool vibrations. The awakened Kundalini connects us
with our spirit and the universal love that surrounds and
pervades everywhere. This union of our spirit with the Divine
energy is the true Yoga event - yoga means ‘union’ or ‘yoking’.
Sahaja Yoga means ‘born with you’. Everyone has this energy
which can now be awakened spontaneously. With our attention
in the flow of cool vibrations above our head, we go into pure
thoughtless meditation. Then, with simple short daily practice,
we quickly experience the peace, joy and other amazing
benefits that this meditation brings. No need to believe, we
simply feel the truth as it manifests on our central nervous
system.
Founded by Shri Mataji in 1970, Sahaja Yoga is based on
principles of spirituality, humility and love that are over 2000
years old.
Mudras are gestures - usually hand positions - used to aid concentration, focus and connection to yourself during your meditation and asana practice. The term translates from Sanskrit as “gesture”, “mark” or “seal”
The history of chakra meditation can be traced back to the Vedic tradition of India. The Vedas are a collection of ancient texts that are the foundation of Hinduism, the chakras are mentioned in the Vedas, a collection of sacred texts that date back to 1500 BCE. In the Vedas, the word “chakra” comes from the Sanskrit word for “wheel” or “circle,” and it refers to the seven energy centers in the body that are said to be connected to our physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being, the chakras are described as vortexes of energy that are connected to the physical and spiritual body.
Nadi is Sanskrit word that can be translated as “tube,” “channel” or “flow.” It refers to the network of channels through which energy travels through the body.
major focus of Hatha yoga is balancing the nadis, and one of the most effective methods of doing so is a form of pranayama called nadi shodhana, or alternate nostril breathing. It is often included at the end of an asana practice
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Mudra Thoughts
Your hands open and close : close and open.
If it were always a fist, or always stretched open,
you would be paralyzed.
Your deepest presence is in every contraction and expansion
beautifully balanced and coordinated as a bird’s wings.
Mudra is invigoration in relaxation ! Freedom in routine!
Confidence through self control! Energy within and energy outside!
3. What is Mudra?
Hand yoga, used in conjunction with
meditation
COMMUNICATI
5000 yrs old
ON Profound hand positions and gestures
Vedic Science that lock and guide energy to the brain
of
Communicatio and different organs/chakras in the body.
n
Used widely in Indian classical dance
5. Why Use Mudras?
Harmonizes and
Heals, mind, body
& spirit
Builds
Creates
immunity, and
Equilibrium by
cures disease as
regulating the flow
they work on our
of Prana/ life force
organs
Long-term practice
leads to higher Stimulates and
state of balances chakras
consciousness
6. E
M
O
T
I
O
N
S
Helps Balance and Activate Chakras
7. Why Use Mudras?
Helps balance the elements of
space, air, fire, water and earth in our
body
Same benefits as yoga but can be
done anywhere & saves time
Helps to instantly reconnect to
stillness when used with Pranayama
exercises
When combined with Hatha yoga and
Pranayama, the therapeutic and
curative effect of mudras is
compounded
10. Breathe! You are Alive
Inhale and the Divine power approaches
you.
Hold the inhalation and the Divine power
stays within you.
11. Shankh Mudra
Conch/Shell / Throat
chakra
Encircle your left thumb with the four fingers of
your right hand. At the same time, touch the right
thumb to the extended middle finger of your left
hand. Together, the two hands look like a conch
shell. Hold your hands in front of your sternum.
Very effective for throat related disorders. Activates throat chakra. Sing "OM"
several times when practicing this mudra. Then listen within yourself, to the
silence, for several minutes afterward. It’s connecting to our inner sound and
divine energy
Used during rituals in many Hindu temples. The conch horn is blown in
the morning to announce the opening of the temple doors. The same
applies to our inner temple, where the divine light shines.
12. BHAIRAVA/BHARA
VI
Balance and Fearlessness
Bhairava - Place the back of the right hand on
the palm of the left hand. Both hands rest in the
lap. Bhairavi mudra is practiced the same way
but the left hand is placed on top of the right.
The thumbs can also join together.
The two hands represent the duality of our being as yin and yang energy and
individual and supreme consciousness. By connecting the hands we harmonize
coordination of the right and left hemispheres of the brain and unite all
opposites.
Universally used for meditation as it brings the feeling of
peace, calm and balance
13. Lotus Mudra
Purity & Love
•Place both hands in front of your chest so that only the edges of your hands and pads
of your fingers touch each other: This is the bud of the lotus flower.
•Now open your hands, but maintain the contact between the tips of the little fingers
and the outer edges of your thumbs. Spread the other fingers open as wide as possible.
• After four deep breaths, close both hands back into a bud, place the fingernails of the
fingers of both hands on top of each other; now join the backs of the fingers, the backs
of the hands, and let your hands hang down relaxed for a while. In the same way, bring
your hands back into the bud and the open flower. Repeat a number of times.
This Mudra belongs to the heart chakra and is the symbol for
purity. Love lives in the heart, together with
goodwill, affection, and communication. Do this Mudra when you
feel drained, exploited, misunderstood, or lonely. Open yourself to
the divine force and be ready to receive whatever you need
15. Mudras for Body and Mind
Sun (Surya)
Life Force Varuna(Water)
(Prana)
Space (Shunya)
Fire (Apaan)
Air (Vayu)
Heart Wisdom (Gyan)
(Hirdya)
Energy (Linga ) Mudra
16. CHIN or
GYAN Mudra
Wisdom
Join the tips of the index finger and thumb and keep the
other 3 fingers stretched and joined.
In consciousness terms the index finger represents “I” or The self/ Ego and the
thumb stands for Divine or cosmic consciousness. This mudra is symbolic of
oneness and unity between the two. Most common in meditations as it stills the
mind and connects us to a state of tranquility.
The thumb has reflex points that reflex to the endocrine organs the
brain. Chin mudra enhances memory. Activates the brain. Helps with
mental ailments. Cures sleeplessness. Controls anger and restlessness.
17. Vayu / Air
Chakra Heart
Press the index finger on the base of thumb and keep the
thumb on the index finger. Let the other fingers be
straight.
Balances the element of air in the body & thus
corrects disorders caused by its imbalance .
Curative in bone and skeletal system related problems . Helps in
Parkinson's , arthritis, cervical pain, neck problems, curing paralysis
and controlling stomach gas .
18. Shunya /Heaven Mudra/ Space
Bring the middle finger to the base
of the thumb and gently press the
thumb over it. The other fingers
stay joined and straight.
Creates balance in the empty spaces in the body
Very effective in ear problems especially chronic ear infections
19. Surya /Sun Mudra
Bring the tip of the ring finger at the base of the
thumb and slightly press the thumb over it.
Helps in reducing body weight.
Reduces cholesterol
Brings down anxiety
Helps in indigestion
20. Prithvi /Earth
Root chakra
Join the tip of the thumb and the
ring finger.
Makes the body sturdy
Helps in gaining weight . It Improves skin tone and
complexion, making it glow.
Makes one active and happy.
Very useful for grounding and root chakra balancing
21. Varuna / Water
Sacral Chakra
Join the tip of the thumb with the
little finger. Keep all other fingers
stretched out .
Improves the quality of blood in the body, balances water
content and imparts a freshness to the body.
Prevents Gastroenteritis pain and muscle shrinkage
Helps in kidney disorders.
22. Prana / Life Force
All Chakras
Join the tip of the thumb with the
tip of the little finger and the ring
finger, keeping the other two
fingers straight.
Pumps and regulates life force in the body.
Gives a special power to the eyes.
Beneficial for all diseases as it works with all
chakras
23. Apaan / Excretion
Chakra –Solar Plexus
Join the tip of the thumb to the tip of
the middle finger and the ring
finger, keeping the other fingers
stretched out.
Helps eliminate waste matter from the body
Regulates diabetes.
Aids digestion and excretion
Reduces constipation and urine related problem
24. Heart / Hirdya Mudra
life saving
Press the index finger to the base of the
thumb and join the tips of the ring and
middle finger.
Mudra therapists claim this is as effective as first-
aid in heart conditions.
Reduces palpitations.
Ideal during states of intense emotional conflict- one
of the main problems with cardiac personalities.
25. Energy /Linga Mudra
Interlock the fingers of both the
hands and have the left thumb
vertically straight up with the right
thumb and the index finger
encircling it.
Activates sexual energy.
Produces heat in the body and effectively cures cold and
cough
26. Closing Yogic Mantra
Fear less, hope more
Eat less, chew more
Whine less, breathe more
Talk less, listen more
Judge less , understand more
Resist less and surrender more
Hate less, love more!
