IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Comparative analysis of electrochemical energy storage technologies for smart...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a comparative analysis of different forms of electrochemical energy storage technologies for use in the smart grid. This paper addresses various energy storage techniques that are used in the renewable energy sources connected to the smart grid. Energy storage technologies will most likely improve the penetrations of renewable energy on the electricity network. Consequently, energy storage systems could be the key to finally replacing the need for fossil fuel with renewable energy. It is hard to evaluate the different types of energy storage techniques between themselves due to the fact that each technology could be used in a different way and are more like compliments. Subsequently, for the purposes of this paper, it is seen that the use of energy storage technologies will increase the supply, and balances out the demand for energy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and performance analysis of PV grid-tied system with energy storage sy...IJECEIAES
With the increasing demand for solar energy as a renewable source has brought up new challenges in the field of energy. However, one of the main advantages of photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is that it can be directly connected to the grid power generation system and meet the demand of increasing energy consumption. Large-scale PV grid-connected power generation system put forward new challenges on the stability and control of the power grid and the grid-tied photovoltaic system with an energy storage system. To overcome these problems, the PV grid-tied system consisted of 8 kW PV array with energy storage system is designed, and in this system, the battery components can be coupled with the power grid by AC or DC mode. In addition, the feasibility and flexibility of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller are verified through the dynamic model built in the residential solar PV system. Through the feasibility verification of the model control mode and the strategy control, the grid-connected PV system combined with reserve battery storage can effectively improve the stability of the system and reduce the cost of power generation. To analyze the performance of the grid-tied system, some realtime simulations are performed with the help of the system advisor model (SAM) that ensures the satisfactory working of the designed PV grid-tied system.
As more & more renewables get integrated into the Indian Grid, Energy Storage will play an important role in helping with Grid Management & smoothing out the peak curve created by Renewable Energy.
It is expected that Energy Storage will be a multi GW market in the years to come.
Impact of Shading, Soiling and Temperature on Solar Photovoltaic SystemYogeshIJTSRD
The main objective of this research paper is to study the effect due to shading, temperature, dust accumulation, snow, birddropping. The power output of the solar panels dependent upon the amount of sun radiation which reaches the solar cells and converts it into electrical energy through inverters. A various types of solar cells are used to manufacture the solar panels like Mono crystalline and polycrystalline. Many factors affect the performance of solar panels and efficiency of PV cells. Experiment was done by using some particles of sand 15g,20g , coal 30g , impact of building trees shading at 10m and 20m and at different temperature cold and hot .The power output of both clean and soiling ,without shading or with shading, at high or low temperature is included. The paper will also include the methods by which we can reduce the impact of dust, shading, high or too low temperature and improving the efficiency of solar panels. Ishrat Nabi "Impact of Shading, Soiling and Temperature on Solar Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43823.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43823/impact-of-shading-soiling-and-temperature-on-solar-photovoltaic-system/ishrat-nabi
Comparative analysis of electrochemical energy storage technologies for smart...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a comparative analysis of different forms of electrochemical energy storage technologies for use in the smart grid. This paper addresses various energy storage techniques that are used in the renewable energy sources connected to the smart grid. Energy storage technologies will most likely improve the penetrations of renewable energy on the electricity network. Consequently, energy storage systems could be the key to finally replacing the need for fossil fuel with renewable energy. It is hard to evaluate the different types of energy storage techniques between themselves due to the fact that each technology could be used in a different way and are more like compliments. Subsequently, for the purposes of this paper, it is seen that the use of energy storage technologies will increase the supply, and balances out the demand for energy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and performance analysis of PV grid-tied system with energy storage sy...IJECEIAES
With the increasing demand for solar energy as a renewable source has brought up new challenges in the field of energy. However, one of the main advantages of photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is that it can be directly connected to the grid power generation system and meet the demand of increasing energy consumption. Large-scale PV grid-connected power generation system put forward new challenges on the stability and control of the power grid and the grid-tied photovoltaic system with an energy storage system. To overcome these problems, the PV grid-tied system consisted of 8 kW PV array with energy storage system is designed, and in this system, the battery components can be coupled with the power grid by AC or DC mode. In addition, the feasibility and flexibility of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller are verified through the dynamic model built in the residential solar PV system. Through the feasibility verification of the model control mode and the strategy control, the grid-connected PV system combined with reserve battery storage can effectively improve the stability of the system and reduce the cost of power generation. To analyze the performance of the grid-tied system, some realtime simulations are performed with the help of the system advisor model (SAM) that ensures the satisfactory working of the designed PV grid-tied system.
As more & more renewables get integrated into the Indian Grid, Energy Storage will play an important role in helping with Grid Management & smoothing out the peak curve created by Renewable Energy.
It is expected that Energy Storage will be a multi GW market in the years to come.
Impact of Shading, Soiling and Temperature on Solar Photovoltaic SystemYogeshIJTSRD
The main objective of this research paper is to study the effect due to shading, temperature, dust accumulation, snow, birddropping. The power output of the solar panels dependent upon the amount of sun radiation which reaches the solar cells and converts it into electrical energy through inverters. A various types of solar cells are used to manufacture the solar panels like Mono crystalline and polycrystalline. Many factors affect the performance of solar panels and efficiency of PV cells. Experiment was done by using some particles of sand 15g,20g , coal 30g , impact of building trees shading at 10m and 20m and at different temperature cold and hot .The power output of both clean and soiling ,without shading or with shading, at high or low temperature is included. The paper will also include the methods by which we can reduce the impact of dust, shading, high or too low temperature and improving the efficiency of solar panels. Ishrat Nabi "Impact of Shading, Soiling and Temperature on Solar Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43823.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43823/impact-of-shading-soiling-and-temperature-on-solar-photovoltaic-system/ishrat-nabi
GRAPHENE WILL BECOME THE GAME CHANGER - it is a thinnest and strongest material ever tested and high efficient capacity to overcome in all fields especially in biomedical and energy storage applications.
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEpreeti naga
This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or a small company with electrical power depending on the need at the site. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented in this paper
This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technologyijtsrd
In recent years, Photovoltaic PV power generation systems have always been considered as an alternative energy source that can lighten the rapid consumption of fossil fuels. The current developments in the photovoltaic materials and power converters has emerged this as promising technology. A PV inverter is widely used to convert the photovoltaic energy into electrical energy as most of the demands are in AC voltage, either for local loads or supplied into the grid. Power converter topologies employed in the PV power generation systems are mainly characterized by single or multi stage inverters. The Z-source inverter ZSI has a single stage structure to achieve the voltage buck boost character in a single power conversion stage. The energy storage device integrated to Quasi Z-source inverter QZSI topology eliminates need for an extra charging circuit. This upgraded topology acquires the operating characteristics from the traditional ZSI, along with the capability of operating under very low PV power conditions. Its main operating points are classified into two modes, the low PV power mode, where the battery is discharged and the high power mode, where the battery is charge up. An extended input power operating range is achieved since the lack of Photovoltaic power can be compensated by the battery. Hence we can conclude that QZSI realize boost buck function in a single-stage with improved reliability, lower component rating, constant DC current from source and good power quality showing an efficient method for the energy-stored PV power generation Shwetha S Baligar | Chandrika S Kukanur | Chaitanya Krishna Jambotkar "Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18839.pdf
Integration Planning and Operation Scheduling of Distribution Generation for ...IJERA Editor
Use of distributed renewable energy sources for domestic energy consumption will increase in near future due to
its advantages as being clean and infinite energy generation possibility. This trend allows more efficient energy
consumption because of reducing distribution losses and dependence of domestic appliances to grid distribution.
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the development of a nation. In this paper, it is proposed grid
connected solar PV without and with battery at domestic level to minimize the load on live grid during peak
time, excess power export to the grid when the PV generation is more compared to connected load and increase
the participation of renewable energy sources in our daily energy consumption. The decision support program
enables the consumer to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal
of minimizing the electricity bill and to supply the quality power. The cost of investment and payback periods
are computed for PV system using cost benefit analysis
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
GRAPHENE WILL BECOME THE GAME CHANGER - it is a thinnest and strongest material ever tested and high efficient capacity to overcome in all fields especially in biomedical and energy storage applications.
SPACE VECTOR MODULATION BASED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEpreeti naga
This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or a small company with electrical power depending on the need at the site. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented in this paper
This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technologyijtsrd
In recent years, Photovoltaic PV power generation systems have always been considered as an alternative energy source that can lighten the rapid consumption of fossil fuels. The current developments in the photovoltaic materials and power converters has emerged this as promising technology. A PV inverter is widely used to convert the photovoltaic energy into electrical energy as most of the demands are in AC voltage, either for local loads or supplied into the grid. Power converter topologies employed in the PV power generation systems are mainly characterized by single or multi stage inverters. The Z-source inverter ZSI has a single stage structure to achieve the voltage buck boost character in a single power conversion stage. The energy storage device integrated to Quasi Z-source inverter QZSI topology eliminates need for an extra charging circuit. This upgraded topology acquires the operating characteristics from the traditional ZSI, along with the capability of operating under very low PV power conditions. Its main operating points are classified into two modes, the low PV power mode, where the battery is discharged and the high power mode, where the battery is charge up. An extended input power operating range is achieved since the lack of Photovoltaic power can be compensated by the battery. Hence we can conclude that QZSI realize boost buck function in a single-stage with improved reliability, lower component rating, constant DC current from source and good power quality showing an efficient method for the energy-stored PV power generation Shwetha S Baligar | Chandrika S Kukanur | Chaitanya Krishna Jambotkar "Feasibility Study of Modified Quasi Z Source Inverter for Solar PV Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18839.pdf
Integration Planning and Operation Scheduling of Distribution Generation for ...IJERA Editor
Use of distributed renewable energy sources for domestic energy consumption will increase in near future due to
its advantages as being clean and infinite energy generation possibility. This trend allows more efficient energy
consumption because of reducing distribution losses and dependence of domestic appliances to grid distribution.
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the development of a nation. In this paper, it is proposed grid
connected solar PV without and with battery at domestic level to minimize the load on live grid during peak
time, excess power export to the grid when the PV generation is more compared to connected load and increase
the participation of renewable energy sources in our daily energy consumption. The decision support program
enables the consumer to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal
of minimizing the electricity bill and to supply the quality power. The cost of investment and payback periods
are computed for PV system using cost benefit analysis
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Hermanamiento 22 - 70 MACARÁ - INPES
Ecuador - Colombia
Visite Estudiantes Aulas Hermanas en Facebook, no olvide ver las publicaciones más antiguas. gracias
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica.
Manual das cantinas escolares saudáveis : promovendo a alimentação saudável / Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de
Atenção à Saúde, Departamento de Atenção Básica. – Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 2010.
56 p. : il. color. – (Série B. Textos Básicos de Saúde)
ISBN
1. Alimentação escolar. 2. Alimentação saudável. 3. Alimentação e nutrição. I. Título. II. Série.
CDU 613.2
Nesta data comemorativa falamos dos direitos das crianças e vejam só ao que elas acham que têm direito....
Em seguida coloriram desenhos relativos a este tema.
Advancements in energy storage technologies for smart grid developmentIJECEIAES
In the modern world, the consumption of oil, coal natural gas, and nuclear energy has been causing by a serious environmental problem and an ongoing energy crisis. The generation and consumption of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar and wind tidal, can resolve the problem but the nature of the RESs is fluctuating and intermitted. This evolution brings a lot of challenges in the management of electrical grids. The paper reviewed the advancements in energy storage technologies for the development of a smart grid (SG). More attention was paid to the classification of energy storage technologies based on the form of energy storage and based on the form of discharge duration. The evaluation criteria for the energy storage technologies have been carried out based on technological dimensions such as storage capacity, efficiency, response time, energy density, and power density, the economic dimension such as input cost and economic benefit; and the environmental dimension such as emission and stress on ecosystem, social demission such as job creation and social acceptance were also presented in this paper.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
Planning and Designing a Stand Alone Solar Power System for Multi-Building Or...IJMER
The purpose of this project is to discover ways to produce energy with alternate sources. This presents current status, major achievements and future aspects of solar energy in India and evaluation of current energy policies for conquering the obstructions and implementing solar for the future is also been presented. Solar energy is expected to play a very significant role in the future especially in developing countries, but it has also potential prospects for developed countries. Solar radiation is an integral part of different renewable energy resources like PV power, solar thermal power, solar heater etc.
This consists of Study of the Solar cell, Solar Photovoltaic Technology, Planning and Designing a Stand Alone Solar Power System for Multi Building in an Organization where Solar energy plays an important role for the power supply in case of emergency by replacing Diesel Generator set i.e. DG Set.
This gives a detail planning and designing of solar power system of 80KW demand per hour for Al-Falah School of engineering and technology, Brown hills college of engineering and technology, central canteen, masjid, Hostel as well as Al-Falah School of Training and Education.
Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind Solar System – A Reviewijtsrd
This paper presents a review on grid Integration and power quality issues associated with the integration of renewable energy systems in to grid and Role of power electronic devices and Flexible AC Transmission Systems related to these Issues. In this paper, recent trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic PV power generators are presented. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented. Classification of various Power Quality Issues used by different researchers has been done and put for reference. Application of various techniques as applied to mitigate the different Power Quality problems is also presented for consideration. Power Electronics interface not only plays a very important role in efficient integration of Wind and Solar energy system but also to its effects on the power system operation especially where the renewable energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity.However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. Nitish Agrawal | Dr. Manju Gupta | Neeti Dugaya "Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind/Solar System – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47909/analysis-of-various-power-quality-issues-of-windsolar-system-–-a-review/nitish-agrawal
A Review on Power Flexibility, Generation and Distribution Systemijtsrd
Distributed power generation is the latest field because of the ability to accommodate various types of Renewable alternative energy sources, its hidden potential to improve the energy efficiency and power system capability, and its promise for power reliability and security. Many distributed energy sources exist such solar energy, fuel cell, micro turbine, and wind energy. Distributed power generation concept has been implemented in various places with various degree of complexity. A comprehensive review on the distributed power generation is presented in this paper. Rahul Gokhle | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Power Flexibility, Generation and Distribution System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46379.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46379/a-review-on-power-flexibility-generation-and-distribution-system/rahul-gokhle
Feasibility Study on Battery Energy Storage System for Mini gridijtsrd
Mini grids defined as a set of electricity generators and battery energy storage system is connected between the load side and the source side. A key feature of mini grids is that they can operate autonomously with no connection to a centralized grid. Gaw Cho village, Sagaing Division, Myanmar is selected because of the higher potential of solar energy. This paper presents the unbalance condition between the load side and the source side because the solar energy is changing under weather condition. Diesel generator is used as a backup system for this proposed area but the operation of the fuel cost increased for long term period. Here, battery energy storage system is used as a secondary supplier to balance between them. This paper focus on to used HOMER software for pointing out the result outcome not be oversizing the system requirement. Using real time data, storage characteristics and HOMER simulations, optimal sizing for both approaches were established. A well design min grid offered available tool for the rural electrification system. Nang Saw Yuzana Kyaing | June Tharaphe Lwin | Chris Tie Lin "Feasibility Study on Battery Energy Storage System for Mini-grid " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27863.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27863/feasibility-study-on-battery-energy-storage-system-for-mini-grid-/nang-saw-yuzana-kyaing
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
Ms2521852190
1. Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.2185-2190
Captive Energy Methods For Electrical Power System
Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar
*Fr.Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology Navi Mumbai
**Fr.Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology Navi Mumbai
Abstract
In Electric Power systems, power quality been proportional. The power sector has not seen
and reliability has become one of the issues of tremendous increase as it should have seen in terms
prime importance. Some of the major of its capacity. Also for the past many years there has
disadvantages in electric power supply system are been a shortfall in the peak load demand and the
the deviations in power supply which make some demand that is met by the power sector utilities. This
of the electronic equipment’s and domestic is shown by the figure below. All these have
devices highly sensitive to it. To avoid such eventually lead to voltage fluctuations and deviations
problems we need to find out devices that can and other issues related to power quality.
provide a backup during the time of voltage sags
and such deviations. Energy storage technologies
help to avert such conditions.The energy storage
devices does not represent energy sources, they
provide valuable added benefits to improve
stability, power quality, and reliability of supply.
Over the past few decades many new and
innovative ideas have been explored in the broad
area of energy storage.Battery technologies have
improved significantly in order to meet the
challenges of practical electric utilities. Flywheel
technologies are being used as an advanced
nonpolluting uninterruptible power supply
technique. Superconducting energy storage
systems are still in their prototype stages but
receiving attention for utility applications.
Compressed Air Energy Storage and Thermal
heat storage are a few recent methods developed
for providing peak load supplies. Also there are
hydrogen fuel and pump storage
hydroelectricity technologies for storing energy.
These technologies can also be incorporated into Figure 1. India’s peak demand gap
traditional power generating stations to increase
the overall efficiency. These energy storage Talking in terms of the future, according to
devices and technologies help to store and the Five-year plans established by the government’s
harness the renewable source of energy which is Planning Commission has laid out specific targets for
very essential. This paper focuses on these new generation capacity. For the 12th five-year plan
advancements made and provides a composite (2012–2017), 83,000 MW of new capacity has been
picture of costs and trends in storage targeted [ 8]. In order to achieve this target we
technologies. require better captive energy storage systems to
increase the overall generation capacity and the
I. INTRODUCTION power quality.
The generation of electric power is the basic These storage elements will also help to
pillar for normal functioning of every modern meet the consumer’s demand for electric power
society. India has experienced impressive gross which varies cyclically during day and night, as well
domestic product (GDP) growth rates exceeding 7% as within the week and the seasons. Moreover the
over the past few years. Although recent trends quality of an electric power supply is determined by
appear to indicate an economic slowdown, long-term the available reserve capacity at the energy utility. In
7%+ GDP growth is expected to continue through at general an electrical power generating system should
least 2020. To support India’s expanding economy, have 15-20% of reserve power available to meet any
large-scale power capacity additions in the range of consumer demand. In case the demand is not met or
150 GW to 175 GW are projected over the next 10 there is insufficient reserve capacity to meet that
years. However the rate of growth of the economy demand, a decline in voltage at the consumer side
and the powetgeneration capacity of India has not will appear which would upset the normal operation
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2. Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.2185-2190
at the user’s end and would eventually lead to a high energy capability, roundtrip efficiency, cycling
failure. For this reason it is essential for the normal capability, life span, and initial cost.There are a
functioning and development of each nation to have number of battery technologies under
reliable national and local electric power systems considerationfor large-scale energy storage. Lead-
with capacities exceeding the actual energy demand acid batteriesrepresent an established, mature
by at least 15%. However, in most of the developing technology. Lead-acidbatteries can be designed for
nations like India have capacities that can only just bulk energy storage or for rapid charge or
meet their energy demands, and in some cases are discharge.Lead-acid batteries still represent a low-
simply inadequate as shown in fig1. This shortfall of cost option for most applications requiring large
electrical energy often hinders the social and storage capabilities, with the low energy density and
economic progress of a nation. limited cycle life as the chief disadvantages. Mobile
Now with this growth of different industries applications are favoring sealed lead-acid battery
the mechanical and electronic loads have increased technologies for safety and ease of maintenance.
tremendously. Thus the issue of quality of power Valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries have
supply has become a critical issue and has gained better cost and performance characteristics for
importance. Power system engineers facing these stationary applications. Several other battery
challenges seek solutions to allow them to operate the technologies also show promise for stationary energy
system in a more flexible, controllable manner. storage applications. All have higher energy density
Generally when power system disturbances occur, capabilities than lead-acid batteries, but at present,
synchronous capacitors which are mostly used are they are not yet cost effective for higher power
not always able to respond rapidly enough to keep applications. Leading technologies include nickel–
the system stable. This is where energy storage metal hydride batteries, nickel–cadmium batteries,
technology can play a very important role in and lithium-ion batteries. The last two technologies
maintaining system reliability and power quality. The are both being pushed for electric vehicle
ideal solution is to have means to rapidly damp applications where high energy density can offset
oscillations, respond to sudden changes in load, higher cost to some degree.
supply load during transmission or distribution Due to the chemical kinetics involved,
interruptions, correct load voltage profiles with rapid batteries cannot operateat high power levels for long
reactive power control, and still allow the generators time periods. In addition,rapid, deep discharges may
to balance with the system load at their normal speed. lead to early replacementof the battery, since heating
Thus with this paper we provide an insight into the resulting in this kind of operationreduces battery
new methods of captive energy storing. lifetime. There are also environmentalconcerns
related to battery storage due to toxic gas
II. EXSISTING METHODS OF ENERGY generationduring battery charge/discharge. The
STORAGE disposal of hazardousmaterials presents some battery
Electrical energy in a system cannot be disposal problems. The disposal problem varies with
stored electrically. However, energy can be stored battery technology.
by converting the ac electricityand storing it
electromagnetically, electrochemically, kinetically, B. FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
or as potential energy. Each energy storage SYSTEM(FESS)
technology usuallyincludes a power conversion unit A flywheel stores energy in a rotating mass.
to convert the energy from one form to another. Depending on the inertia and speed of the rotating
The existing methods for energy storage include mass, a given amount of kinetic energy is stored as
batteries and flywheel while, the latest technology in rotational energy. The flywheel is placed inside a
includes compressed air energy storage, super vacuum containment to eliminate friction-loss from
capacitor energy storage and superconducting the air and suspended by bearings for a stabile
magnetic energy storage. operation. Kinetic energy is transferred in and out of
the flywheel with an electrical machine that can
A. BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS. function either as a motor or generator depending on
Batteries are one of the most cost-effective the load angle (phase angle). When acting as motor,
energy storagetechnologies available, with energy electric energy supplied to the stator winding is
stored electrochemically.A battery system is made up converted to torque and applied to the rotor, causing
of a set of low-voltage/powerbattery modules it to spin faster and gain kinetic energy. In generator
connected in parallel and series to achievea desired mode kinetic energy stored in the rotor applies a
electrical characteristic. Batteries are “charged”when torque, which is converted to electric energy. Thus
they undergo an internal chemical reaction under flywheel is basically an electromechanical device that
apotential applied to the terminals. They deliver the couples a motor generator with a rotating mass to
absorbedenergy, or “discharge,” when they reverse store energy for shortdurations.The kinetic energy
the chemicalreaction. Key factors of batteries for stored. The kinetic energy stored in a flywheel is
storage applicationsinclude: high energy density,
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3. Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.2185-2190
proportional to the mass and to the square of its orreformed from other fossil fuels. The technology is
rotational speed. developing with a few commercial uses today, but
with a promise toemerge as a significant source of
1 2 electricity in the near future. This process is much
𝑇= 𝐽𝜔 more efficient than traditional thermal power plants,
2
theoretically converting up to 80% of the chemical
Where J is polar moment of inertia about energy in the fuel into electricity (compared to the
axis of rotation and ω is the angular velocity. The 60% efficiency of combined cycle power plants).The
energy storage capability of flywheels can be overall efficiency of hydrogen storage depends
improved either by increasing the moment of inertia greatly on the technique used and the scale of the
of flywheel or by turning it at higher rotational operation, but is typically 50 to 60% which is lower
velocities, or both. than for compressed air systems or batteries. Hence
Apart from the flywheel additional power this process is generally avoided for providing the
electronics is required to control the power in- and excess energy demand.
output, speed, frequency etc. This forms the flywheel
electrical interface and generally includes the motor III. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
drive inverter and bus voltage regulator. The figure ENERGY STORAGE
below shows the flywheel energy storage system The above methods are not very efficient
and also prove costly in terms of both feasibility and
maintainability. Hence, there have been quite a few
emerging techniques which have been developed
over a period of years. These techniques help us to
provide efficient solutions to all storage related
problems. These methods also act as an storage
element for renewable sources of energy like solar,
wind and geothermal. The major upcoming
techniques include compressed air energy storage,
super magnetic energy storage.
A. COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY
Figure 2. Basic layout of flywheel energy storage STORAGE(CAES)
The largest share of the energy generated
Flywheels can respond to many power by a gas turbine is consumed by itscompressor. This
quality issues such as frequency deviation, fact combined with the fluctuations in the demand
temporaryinterruptions, voltage sags, and voltage for power and itsconsequent time of use pricing
swells. The amount of energy stored in an FES formed the motivation for the development of
device mainly depends on the angularvelocity of the theCompressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
rotor. Flywheel energy storage system constitutes technology.
short term storage systems, which are generally As the name implies, the compressed
sufficient to improve the power qualitycompared to air energy storage (CAES) plant uses electricity to
other ways of storing electricity, Flywheel energy compress air which is stored in underground
storage systems have long lifetimes. Rapid charging reservoirs.The CAES technology consists of
of a system occurs in less than 15 minutes. FESS has converting excess base load energy into
an overall round trip efficiency includingthe storedpneumatic energy by means of a compressor
electronics, bearings, and flywheel drag of 80-85% . for a later release through a gas turbineas premium
With the life expectancy of about 20 years, the peaking powerDue to the storage option, a partial-
currentflywheel designs are modular and can range in load operation of the CAES plant is also very
size up to 10 plus MW systems. Advanced flywheels flexible. More often, during the period of high
constructed from carbon fibermaterials and magnetic electrical energy demand, the compressed air is
bearings can spin in vacuum at speeds up to 40,000 mixed with natural gas and they are burnt together,
to 60,000 RPM. in the same fashion as in a conventional turbine
plant. This method is actually more efficient as the
C. FUEL CELLS compressed air will lose less energy. CAES
Fuel cells, electrochemical devices that consumes two third less fuels than other
directly convert hydrogen, or hydrogen-rich fuels conventional sources [4]. The basic components
into electricity without combustion,are another required in a CAES plant are as shown in fig: 3[7]
alternative to reciprocating engines. Although their • During off-peak periods a motor is operated to
structure is somewhat like thatof a battery, the charge drive the compressor train using electricpower from
duration is extended by the ability to use an external the grid, which is usually supplied by coal or nuclear
fuel source, mainly hydrogen, stored directly base load plants.
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4. Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.2185-2190
• The air compressor which may require two or more capacitor, basically consists of two electrodes, a
stages, intercoolers and after coolers to achieve separator and an electrolyte. The electrode made up
economy ofcompression, and reduce the moisture of a metallic collector, which is the high conducting
content. part, and an active material, which is the high surface
• The recuperator, turbine train, high and low area part. The two electrodes are separated by a
pressure turbines. membrane, the separator, which allows a mobility of
• Equipment control centre for operating the the charged ions but forbids an electronic
combustion turbine, compressor. conductance. The most interesting electrodes
• Auxiliaries to regulate and control changeover from materials are: metal oxides, carbons and conducting
generation mode to storage mode. polymers. The electrolyte may be of the solid state,
organic or aqueous type depending on the
applicationCapacitors store electric energy by
accumulating positive and negative charges separated
by an insulating dielectric. The capacitance
represents the relationship between the stored charge,
and the voltage between the plates. The energy stored
on the capacitor depends on the capacitance and on
the square of the voltage. It is given as follows
1
𝐸= 𝐶. 𝑣 2
2
The amount of energy a capacitor is capable
of storing can be increased by either increasing the
capacitance or the voltage stored on the capacitor.
Capacitors are used in many ac and dc applications in
power systems. DC storage capacitors can be used
for energystorage for power applications. At present,
ultra capacitors are most applicable for high peak-
power, low-energy situations. Capable of floating at
Figure 3. Compressed air energy storage system full charge for ten years, an ultra-capacitor can
A CAES operates by means of large electric provide extended power availability during voltage
motor driven compressor that store energy in the sags and momentary interruptions [2]. Ultra
form of compressed air in cavern. The compression is capacitors can be completely discharged, installed
done outside periods of peak demand. The air is then easily, are compact in size, and can operate
pressurized to about 75 bars. To supply electricity to effectively in diverse (hot, cold, and moist)
the customers, air is extracted from the cavern. It is environments, no cooling required
first preheated in the recuperator. The recuperator Ultra-capacitors are now available
reuses the energy extracted by the compressor commercially at lower power levels. A disadvantage
coolers. The heated air is then mixed with small is that a SC does not approach the energy density of
quantities of oil or gas, which is burnt in the batteries. Considering the technical maturity, the
combustor. The hot gas from the combustor is chemical inertness ,the environmental impact ,the
expanded in the turbine to generate electricity. The manufacturing process, the expected performances
key requirement to a CAES system is that the and costs, carbon based supercapacitors are the most
reservoir has to be air tight and very large. interesting and promising devices for industrial
The advantages of CAES plants are as it has applications[3].
high storage capacity is take less starting time which
makes it efficient from other conventional storage C. SUPER MAGNETIC ENERGY
systems. It does not involve huge and costly STORAGE(SMES)
installation. Also the emission of greenhouse gases is Instead of storing kinetic or chemical
substantially lower than in normal gas plants. energy, SMES devices store electrical energy in
The only drawback this system has is that magnetic field. An SMES unit is a device that stores
there is actually not a lot of underground cavern energy in the magnetic field generated by the dc
around, which substantially limits the usability of this current flowing through a superconducting coil. Once
storage method. However, for locations where it is the superconducting coil is charged, the current will
suitable, it can provide a viable option for storing not decay and the magnetic energy can be stored
energy in large quantities and for long times indefinitely. The stored energy can be released back
to the network by discharging the coil. It consists of a
B. ULTRA CAPACITORS large superconducting coil at the cryogenic
An ultra-capacitor, also known as temperature. This cryogenic temperature is
supercapacitors or electrochemical double layer
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5. Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.2185-2190
maintained by a cryostat that contains helium or system. The use of high temperature superconductors
nitrogen liquid vessels. should also makeSMES cost effective due to
A power conversion/conditioning system reductions in refrigeration needs. There are a number
(PCS) connects the SMES unit to an AC power of ongoing SMES projects currently throughout the
system, and it is used to charge/discharge the coil. world.
Two types of power conversion systems are
commonly used. Current source converter (CSC) to IV. ECONOMICS OF ENERGY STORAGE
both interface to the ac system and charge/discharge ELEMENTS
the coil and Voltage source converter (VSC) to Energy storage system costs for a
interface to the ac system and a dc–dc chopper to transmission application are driven by the operational
charge/discharge the coil. The modes of requirements. The costs of the system can be broken
charge/discharge/standby are obtained by controlling down into three main components: the energy storage
the voltage across the SMES coil. The SMES coil is system, the supporting systems (refrigeration for
charged or discharged by applying a positive or SMES is a big item), and the power conversion
negative voltage across the superconducting coil. The system. The cost of the energy storage system is
SMES system enters a standby mode operation when primarily determined by the amount of energy to be
the average VCOIL is zero, resulting in a constant stored. The configuration and the size of the power
average coil Current ICOIL shown in figure conversion system may become a dominant
The inductively stored energy (E in joules) component for the high-power low energy storage
and the rated power ( P in watts) are commonly given applications. Energy storage is economical when the
specifications for SMES devices, and they can be marginal cost of electricity varies more than the costs
expressed as follows: of storing and retrieving the energy plus the price of
energy lost in the process. However, the marginal
1 𝑑𝐸
𝐸 = 2 𝐿. 𝐼2 ,𝑃 = 𝑑𝑡
=V.I cost of electricity varies because of the varying
operational and fuel costs of different classes of
where L is the inductance of the coil, I is the generators. At one hand, base load power plants such
dc current flowing through the coil, and V is the as coal-fired power plants and nuclear power plants
voltage across the coil. Since energy is stored as are low marginal cost generators, as they have high
circulating current, energy can be drawn from an capital and maintenance costs but low fuel costs. At
SMES unit with almost instantaneous response with the other hand, peak power plants such as gas turbine
energy stored or delivered over periods ranging from natural gas plants burn expensive fuel but are cheaper
a fraction of a second to several hours. to build, operate and maintain. To minimize the total
operational cost of generating power, base load
generators are dispatched most of the time, while
peak power generators are dispatched only when
necessary, generally when energy demand peaks.
However, operators are storing lower-cost energy
produced at night, then releasing it to the grid during
the peak periods of the day when it is more valuable.
This is called economic dispatch.In order to establish
a realistic cost estimate, thfollowingsteps are
suggested:
• Identify the system issue(s) to be addressed;
• Select preliminary system characteristics;
• Define basic energy storage, power, voltage and
current requirements
Figure 4. Components of typical SMES system • Optimize system specification and determine
system cost;
The dynamic performance of a SMES • Determine utility financial benefits from operation;
system is far superior to other storage technologies. • compare system’s cost and utility financial benefits
Faster and more efficient access to the stored energy to Determine adequacy of utility’s return on
and a shorter response time are the leading investment;
advantages [1]. But there are a few concerns in it • compare different energy storage systems
application at large scale. One of the major problems performance and costs.
is its cost. When compared with other energy storage
technologies, today’s SMES systems are still costly. V. ANALYSIS OF ENERGY STORAGE
The integration of an SMES coil into existing flexible DEVICES
ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices eliminates On the basis of different parameters
the cost for the inverter unit, which is typically the different energy storage devices have been analyzed
largest portion of the cost for the entire SMES as shown in the Table 1.
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6. Siddharth Wadhawan, Harshal Arekar / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.2185-2190
reduced generation availabilityfor frequency
PARAM SMES CA- FES SCES BES stabilization.
ETERS ES S S As deregulation takes place, generation and
transmissionresources will be utilized at higher
TYPICA 1-100 25 Rang 1-250 100- efficiency rates leadingto tighter and moment-by-
L MW to ing KW 20 moment control of the spare capacities.Energy
RANGE 350 in MW storage devices can facilitate this process,allowing
MW KW the utility maximum utilization of utility
resources.The new power electronics controller
devices will enableincreased utilization of
transmission and distribution systems
POWER >530 >700 >17500 >(10 with increased reliability. This increased reliance will
DENSIT - 0- resultin increased investment in devices that make
Y 1800 7000 this asset moreproductive. Energy storage technology
(kW/m3) ) fits very well withinthe new environment by
enhancing the potential application of custom power,
and power quality devices.
EMISSI No No No No Very This paper shows that energy storage devices can
ONS few be integratedto power electronics and other
mechanical devices to provide powersystem stability,
enhanced transmission capability, and
improvedpower quality. Adding energy storage to
ELECTR ~95% ~70 90- <95% 88- power electronicscompensators not only enhances the
ICAL % 95% 92% performance ofthe device, but can also provide the
EFFICIE possibility of reducingthe MVA ratings requirements
NCY of the front-end power electronics conversion system.
This is an important cost/benefitconsideration when
LIFE ~30 <50 10- 10-20 3-6 considering adding energy storage systems. Also the
TIME Years Yea 20 yr Years yrs method is useful in storing energy from non-
rs (HS) renewable energy sources. Thus these techniques
20 yr help us to increase the overall efficiency and increase
(LS) the net plant output.
RESPO Millisec ~1- ~1-2 Millise Few REFERENCES
NSE onds 2 Mins conds seco [1] Buckles W., Hassenzahl W. V. May 2000.
TIME Min nds Super conducting magnetic energy storage,
s IEEE Power Engineering Review.
[2] Bullard G. L., Sierra-Alcazar H. B., Lee H.
BACKU Seconds Hou Minu Second Hour L., Moms J. L., January 1989. Operating
P TIME rs tes s s principles of the Ultracapacitor,
IEEETransactions in Magnetics, Vol.25.
TABLE I. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT [3] Hassenzahl W. V., 1997. Capacitors for
ENERGY STORAGE ELEMNTS electric utility energy storage: Electric
Power Res. Inst.
VI. CONCLUSION [4] Smith S.C., Sen P.K., Benjamin K. 2008.
Among the potential performance benefits Advancement of energy storage devices and
produced byadvanced energy storage applications are applications in electrical power
improved systemreliability, dynamic stability, systems,IEEE PES General
enhanced power quality, transmissioncapacity [5] ELNA America Inc.,1988. Comparison of
enhancement, and area protection. An energystorage double layer capacitor, batteries and super
device can also have a positive cost and magnetic storage device, Technical Paper
environmentalimpact by reducing fuel consumption [6] http://www.wikipedia.org.
and emissionsthrough reduced line losses and [7] http://phys.org/news188048601.html
[8] http://www.powermin.nic.in
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