The document compares the MRTP Act of 1969 and the Competition Act of 2002 in India. The MRTP Act aimed to control monopolies and restrictive trade practices, while the Competition Act aims to promote competition and protect consumer interests. It established the Competition Commission of India to prevent anti-competitive conduct and regulate combinations. Some key differences are that the Competition Act explicitly defines anti-competitive offenses and regulates combinations, while the MRTP Act was more complex and reactive.
A PRESENTATION ON COMPETITION ACT, 2002 WITH RECENT AMENDEMENTS. PRESENTED BY MADHUSUDAN NARAYA, STUDENT OF MBA AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DUGAPUR, WEST BENGAL.
THIS TOPIC IS NECESSARY FOR MARKETING PEOPLE AND THE SLIDE CONTAINS THE CASES ALSO !!
Competition Law awareness and enforcement are increasing day by day. Long-term, sustainable growth of big organization, corporation and companies warrants attention to competition law while strategising their growth.
A PRESENTATION ON COMPETITION ACT, 2002 WITH RECENT AMENDEMENTS. PRESENTED BY MADHUSUDAN NARAYA, STUDENT OF MBA AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DUGAPUR, WEST BENGAL.
THIS TOPIC IS NECESSARY FOR MARKETING PEOPLE AND THE SLIDE CONTAINS THE CASES ALSO !!
Competition Law awareness and enforcement are increasing day by day. Long-term, sustainable growth of big organization, corporation and companies warrants attention to competition law while strategising their growth.
Competition Act 2002, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, Anti Competitive Agreement, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combination, Competition Commission of India
The FEMA (1999) or in short FEMA has been introduced as a replacement for earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA)
FEMA came into act on the 1st day of June,2000
49 sections in the Act.
Competition is the best means of ensuring that the ‘Common Man’ or ‘Aam Aadmi’ has access to the broadest range of goods and services at the most competitive prices. With increased competition, producers will have maximum incentive to innovate and specialize. This would result in reduced costs and wider choice to consumers. A fair competition in market is essential to achieve this objective. Our goal is to create and sustain fair competition in the economy that will provide a ‘level playing field’ to the producers and make the markets work for the welfare of the consumers
Competition Act 2002, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, Anti Competitive Agreement, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combination, Competition Commission of India
The FEMA (1999) or in short FEMA has been introduced as a replacement for earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA)
FEMA came into act on the 1st day of June,2000
49 sections in the Act.
Competition is the best means of ensuring that the ‘Common Man’ or ‘Aam Aadmi’ has access to the broadest range of goods and services at the most competitive prices. With increased competition, producers will have maximum incentive to innovate and specialize. This would result in reduced costs and wider choice to consumers. A fair competition in market is essential to achieve this objective. Our goal is to create and sustain fair competition in the economy that will provide a ‘level playing field’ to the producers and make the markets work for the welfare of the consumers
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Presentation on salient features and provisions of the Competition Act in India as a part of coursework
Course - MMS/MBA
Semester - 2
Subject - Business Laws
This presentation by Ms. Jyoti Jindgar Bhanot was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
Competition law aims to avoid anti-trade practices in the market by ensuring the protection to the customers. A legislation was enacted for regulating this purpose which is known as competition act 2002. This legislation aims at upholding the ethical behaviour in the market by the manufactures, producers and the customers as well. This law promotes fair trade with freedom by enabling fair competition. This law eliminates domination from the strong trading enterprises against the small ones. Not only allowing fair trade competition act 2002 also protects the interests of the consumers.
Ppt on Competition Act, 2002 presented on 17th May 2015 at Chinmay Tutorials by CS Professional Students Abhishek Agarwal, Aditya Rana, Sakshi Gupta, Shreya Chaturvedi, Shipra Pareek
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
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Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
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2. CONTENT
MRTP Act 1969
• Objectives of MRTP act 1969
• Monopolistic trade practices
• Unfair trade practices
• Restrictive trade practices
Competition Act 2002
• Objectives of competition act 2002
• Main components of competition act
I. Anti- competitive agreements
II. Regulation of combination
III. Abuse of dominant position
IV. Competitive advocacy
Competitive commission of India (CCI)
• Functions of CCI and its principle
MRTP vs Competition Act
Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION TO MRTP
ACT 1969
To ensure that the operation of the economic system
does not result in the concentration of economic power in
hands of few.
To provide for the control of monopolies and to provide
for the control of monopolies.
To prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices.
The MRTP Act extends to the whole of India except the
state of Jammu and Kashmir. This law was enacted:
4. OBJECTIVES
To control monopolies and monopolistic trade
practices.
To Prevent the concentration of economic
power in few hands only.
To regulate restrictive trade practice.
After amendment of act in 1984 a 4th objective was
introduced.
Regulation of Unfair Trade Practices.
After amendment of act in 1991, the objectives
now are:
Regulating unfair trade practice.
Controlling Monopolistic Trade Practices.
5. MONOPOLISTIC TRADE
PRACTICE
Section 2 (I) p of the Act defines MTP while section 31
provides for investigation into such practices by MRTP
commission.
Monopolistic trade practice is that which represents
abuse of market power in the production and marketing of
goods and services by eliminating potential competitors
from market and taking advantage of the control over the
market by charging unreasonable high prices.
Preventing or reducing competition.
Limiting technical development.
Deteriorating product quality or by adopting unfair or
deceptive trade practices.
6. UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES
Misleading advertisement and False Representation.
Falsely representing that goods and services are of a
particular standard quality grade composition or style.
Falsely representing any second hand renovated or old
goods as new as new.
Representing that goods or services, seller or supplier
have a sponsorship approval or affiliation which they do
not have.
Giving to public any warranty, guarantee of performance
that is not based on an adequate test or making to public a
representation which intends to be a guarantee or
warranty.
7. RESTRICTIVE TRADE
PRACTICES
Section 2(o) defines restrictive trade practices as:
To maximize profits and market power, traders often
attempt to indulge in certain trade practices which tend to
obstruct the flow of capital into the stream of production
the flow of capital into the stream of production.
It may also bring manipulation of prices or conditions of
delivery or affect the flow of supplies in the market so as
to impose unjustified costs.
8. WHAT IS COMPETITION
ACT 2002?
The Act prohibits anti-competitive agreements,
abuse of dominant position by enterprises and
regulates combinations (acquisition, acquiring of
control and Merger and acquisition), which causes
or likely to cause an appreciable adverse effect on
competition within India.
9. OBJECTIVES
Establish a Commission to prevent practices
having adverse effect on competition.
Promote and sustain competition in markets.
Protect the interests of consumers.
Ensure freedom of trade in the Indian markets
Ambit.
Regulates anti-competitive agreements.
Regulates abuse of dominant position.
10. ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS
No enterprise or association of enterprises or person or
association of persons shall enter into any agreement in
respect of production, supply, distribution, storage, acquisition
or control of goods or provision of services, which causes or is
likely to cause an appreciable adverse effect on competition
within India.
REGULATION OF
COMBINATION
No person or enterprise shall enter into a combination which
causes or is likely to cause an appreciable adverse effect on
competition within the relevant market in India and such a
combination shall be void.
11. ABUSE OF DOMINANT
POSITION
Abuse is prohibited abuse occurs when an enterprise uses
its dominant position in the relevant market in an
exclusionary and/or exploitative manner.
Three Stage process of determining Abuse of dominance:
• Stage 1 - Determination of Relevant Market
• Stage 2 - Dominance of the enterprise/group in the relevant
market is ascertained
• Stage 3 - "Abuse" by the dominant enterprise in the relevant
market is determined
12. COMBINATIONS
REGULATIONS
Combining parties exceed the thresholds set in the Act.
Combination which causes or is likely to cause an
appreciable adverse effect on competition is prohibited.
• Horizontal combinations are between rivals.
• Vertical combinations are between enterprises that are at
different stages.
• Conglomerate combinations are between enterprises not in the
same line of business
13. COMPETITION
COMMISSION OF INDIA
Competition commission of India is a body of government of
India responsible for enforcing the competition act 2002 through
India and to prevent activities that have an appreciable adverse
effect on competition in India . It was established on 14 oct 2003.
it became fully functional in May 2009 , with Dhanendra Kumar
as its 1st Chairman.
14. OBJECTIVES
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has been
entrusted with the following task –
To promote and then sustain an enabling competition
culture through engagement and enforcement which
would inspire businesses to be fair, competitive and
innovative.
To enhance the consumer welfare
To support economic growth.
The Competition Commission of India aims to establish a
robust competitive environment through proactive
engagement with all the stakeholders including the
consumers, industry, government as well as international
jurisdictions.
15. FUNCTIONS OF CCI AND ITS
PRINCIPLES
Functions of CCI
Prevent adverse effect on
competition
Promote competition
Protect consumers
Freedom of trade
Principles of CCI
Understanding of market
forces
Minimize cost of
compliance by enterprise
Maintain transparency
Professional body
16. MRTPV/S COMPETITION ACT
2002
MRTP Act 1969 Competition Act 2002
Competition offences implicit are not
defined.
Competition offences explicit are defined.
Complex in arrangement and language. Simple in arrangement and language and
easily comprehensible.
14% offences neglecting the principles of
natural justice.
4% offences and all the rest subjected to
rule of reason.
Frowns upon dominance. Frowns upon abuse of dominance.
No combinations regulation. Combinations regulated beyond a high
threshold limit.
No penalties for offences. Penalties for offences.
Reactive and rigid. Proactive and flexible.
Unfair trade practices covered. Unfair trade practices omitted (consumer
forum will deal with them).
Does not vest MRTP Commission to
inquire into cartels of foreign origin in a
direct manner.
Competition Law seeks to regulate them.
Concept of ‘Group’ Act had wider
importance and was unworkable.
Concept has been simplified.
17. FEW CASES
Competition Commission of India (CCI) has received a total
number of 304 cases up to March 31, 2012 under various
sections of the Competition Act. Out of these, 227 cases have
been disposed off.
18. CCI PENALIZES CHEMISTS
& DRUGGISTS
ASSOCIATION, GOA (CDAG)
Anti-competitive practices followed:
• Supply of medicines to common man not at an affordable rate.
• Controls the supply of drugs in the market through a system of
seeking mandatory Product Information Service (PIS) approvals.
• The number of players is limited and controlled by insisting on
obtaining its "No Objection Certificate (NOC).
The Commission imposed a penalty of Rs.2 lakhs on CDAG.
(2008-2010)
On similar grounds, the Commission also found Chemists and
Druggists Association, Baroda (CDAB) and a penalty of 54,000 was
imposed. (2006-2009)
19.
20. CONCLUSION
The objective of MRTP act 1969 is promoting fair play & fair deal
in market.
The competition act 2002, was passed to benefit the consumer,
business houses as well as government.
The main aim of this act was to encourage healthy and free
competition in the market.
World is not a free platform for trade and commerce.