The document provides an overview of planning concepts and processes. It discusses development planning, socioeconomic factors in the Philippines like GDP growth and inflation. It also examines strategic planning approaches and rationales. Planning is presented as a process for setting goals and determining actions to achieve purposes. Strategic planning specifically involves analyzing external environments, formulating objectives and strategies, and using systematic methods to develop action plans and assess results. The document highlights the importance of planning for development and priority-setting given limited resources.

1. PLANNING
MPA 207: Planning Process
Jo B. Bitonio, DPA

2. Socio Economic Development
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING – is basically the act
of choosing. It is deciding in advance the
WHAT, the HOW, the WHEN, and the WHO of
determining goals, policies and plans and
conscious setting of alternative courses of
action, procedures and strategies needed to
achieve the purposes of government (NEDA,
1982)

4. The Philippine Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
posted a growth rate of -
8.3 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2020, resulting
in the -9.5 percent full-
year growth rate for 2020.

6. What Is Inflation?
Inflation is the decline of purchasing
power of a given currency over time. A
quantitative estimate of the rate at
which the decline in purchasing power
occurs can be reflected in the increase
of an average price level of a basket of
selected goods and services in an
economy over some period of time
Inflation

7. The PSA noted higher annual increases in the following
commodity groups: food and non-alcoholic beverages index
(2.2% from 1.7% in December 2019); alcoholic beverages
and tobacco (19.2% from 18.4% in December 2019);
clothing and footwear (2.7% from 2.6%); housing, water,
electricity, gas, and other fuels (2.5% from 1.9%); transport
(3% from 2.2%); recreation and culture (1.5% from 1.4%);
and education (4.7% from 4.6%).

8. Philippines External Debt
reached 92.0 USD bn in Sep
2020, compared with 87.5
USD bn in the previous
quarter. Philippines External
Debt: USD mn data is updated
quarterly, available from Mar
2005 to Sep 2020. The data
reached an all-time high of
92.0 USD bn in Sep 2020 and a
record low of 60.5 USD bn in
Jun 2006. Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas provides quarterly
External Debt in USD.
External Debt

10. The local BPO sector
recorded revenues of
$26.3 billion in 2019
or a 7.1% jump from
the previous year,
according to the IT
and Business Process
Association of the
Philippines (IBPAP).

11. Metro Manila (CNN Philippines,
January 12) — The number of foreign
visitors who arrived in the country
plummeted by 83.7% last year amid
coronavirus restrictions, the
Department of Tourism said on
Tuesday

12. Timetable of Philippines credit ratings by S&P, Moody's, Fitch and DBRS
agencies. Symbol means a positive outlook assigned by the rating agency.
Symbol means a negative outlook.
FITCH Apr 30, 2019

13. The Department of Budget and
Management (DBM) said the 2020
infrastructure spending target has
been reduced to P833 billion from
P989 billion to account for funding
realignments to contain the
pandemic, though 2021 spending
plans have been expanded to
stimulate growth.8 Jun 2020

15. Poorest Provinces:
1. Lanao del Sur (ARMM) 74.3%
2. Sulu 65.7%
3. Sarangani 61.7%
4. Northern Samar 61.6%
5. Manguindanao (ARMM)
59.4%

16. Top 20 poor
provinces: 3
in Luzon, 6 in
Visayas and
11 in
Mindanao

17. Gross domestic product
(GDP) of the ASEAN countries
from 2010 to 2020
https://www.statista.com/statistics/796245/gdp-of-the-asean-countries/

18. The Philippines’ strong fundamentals, built over
decades of structural reforms, has helped the
economy to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Philippines has abundant external reserves
and the lowest public external debt in the East
Asia and the Pacific Region. Also, the country
has the highest reserve ratio in the region,
indicating that monetary policy has plenty of
room to inject liquidity into the economy and
help boost growth.

19. AmBisyon Natin 2040 is the Twenty-Five-Year Long Term Vision
developed by the government of the Philippines as Guide for
Development Planning It is designed to overcome the challenges
brought by the Philippines' current political system, which is
bound to the limits of the country's six-year presidential terms.

20. The United Nations
member states are
the 193 sovereign
states that are
members of the
United Nations and
have equal
representation in
the UN General
Assembly. The UN is
the world's largest
intergovernmental
organization

21. Theories of
Planning

22. Planning as a human and professional
activity and an area of academic
inquiry lacks disciplinary focus
• Planning, just like her mother PA, has
no intellectual turf of its own. Each is
like a moon which borrows its light
from the sun and stars
• Thus, its heavy reliance from multiple
disciplines makes planning an easy
target for question and debate

23. H. Simon (1969) describes it as an
“artificial” science
Wildavsky (1973) observes: “If
planning is everything, maybe it is
nothing”
S.J. Klees (1986) argues that “it is
technocratic cultism and political
curtailment of individual freedom”

24. D. Adams (1991) – “Planning s a
quasi-science that incorporates
the latest developments in the
information technology and
administrative sciences, the
insights of the social science
disciplines, and the design
capabilities of engineering
profession

25. Planning is a process for
accomplishing purpose.
•It is blue print of business growth
and a road map of development.
•It helps in deciding objectives both
in quantitative and qualitative
terms.
•It is setting of goals on the basis of
objectives and keeping in view the
resources

26. In spite of new and powerful
technology capable of
analyzing vast amounts of
data, determining trends, and
modeling alternative futures,
planning suffers from identity,
theory and utility

27. Four Major Intellectual
Traditions in Planning
Theory
According to Adams (1991) these are:
1. Philosophical synthesis
2. Rationalism
3. Organizational Development (OD)
4. Empericism

28. PHILOSOPHICAL SYNTHESIS –
tends to emphasize a broad aspect
to planning which seek insights
into social, economic, and ethical
conditions as well as
environmental context of the
institution or sector for which
planning is being undertaken

29. RATIONALISM models of
planning assume a
sequential, observable,
cycle that includes setting
of goals, determining
objectives, making plans,
implementing the plans,
and reviewing the results

30. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT – focuses
primarily on ways to achieve organizational
change. It includes a human relations approach
to innovation and change in management style,
employee satisfaction, decision-making process.
And the general health of the organization

31. EMPERICISM –
recognizes the
significance of system
behavior studies by
public administrators,
economists and other
social scientists
concerned with
planning theory

32. Concepts
BUSINESS PLANNING
•1922 – Harvard Dean Wallace Donham made the argument that
unless businesses systematized decision-making practices, they
were not much from gambling efforts
•1960s-’70s – Harvard Business Review had indicated its interest
articles on long-range strategic planning (N. Capon et al., 1987)

33. •1976 Lorange and Vancil viewed strategic planning (SP) as a single process
whereby managers must agree on a detailed integrated plan of action for the
coming year starting with the delineation of corporate objectives and
concluding with one-or two-year profit plan
•Further, they identified six processes that top management has to deal
with:
a) communicating corporate goals,
b) developing the goal setting process,
c) scanning the environment,
d) understanding the subordinate-manager focus
e) developing the planner’s role, and
f) developing the link between planning and budgeting

34. •1974 defines SP as the continuous process of
making entrepreneurial decisions systematically and
with the greatest knowledge of their futurity,
organizing systematically the efforts needed to carry
out these decisions and measuring the results of
these decisions against expectations through
organized feedback (Peter Drucker).
•1981 in the perspective of education and social
development, SP is perceived as a set of purposeful
actions influencing and organization or some part
therein to effect change (K.C. Tanner and E.J.
Williams)

35. •1984 SP is viewed as the effective application of the
best alternative information to decisions that have to
be made now to ensure a secure future (G.S. Day)
•1994 SP is viewed as a long-term planning to achieve
a preferred vision for an organization, school or school
district. It defines the WHATS to be achieved

36. • SP as a dynamic process which scans
current realities and opportunities in
order to yield useful strategies and tactics
for arriving a better tomorrow.
• It is not a linear, lock-step process derived
or implemented in an authoritarian
manner. Nor it is intuitive or built on
hunches and raw feelings.
• It involves the educational partners in
defining and supporting the purposes and
missions and its provides blueprints for
result-oriented program ( R.A. Kaufman,
1972, 1988 R.A. Kaufman and J. Herman,
1991, R.A. Kaufman, J. Herman and K.
Watters, 1996)

37. • It appears that no single definition has been
able to capture all facets of contemporary SP
practices despite the array of disciplinary
perspective. Six common distinguishing features,
however, shape the acceptable meaning:
1. external orientation,
2. a holistic or systematic approach,
3. a process of formulating plan,
objectives, strategies and programs,
4. use of systematic methods in the
analysis of strategic situation and
alternatives,
5. commitment to actions, and
6. a knowledge of results

38. Rationale of Strategic Planning
• To reorient the organization to the needs of
the community in order to foster relevant and
quality service
• As we plan for expansion, a certain level of
minimum standard to be observed to
guarantee a certain level of minimum quality
performance

39. • Effective SP efforts make the organization become
more viable instrument of socio-economic
development of the nation
• Since resources for sectoral services are irreversibly
becoming less, priorities have to be established
The galloping inundation and explosion of a new
knowledge and the emergence of new technologies as
brought about by advances in science and ICT.

40. • SP means realistic forecasting of events and in
exercise “futurology”

41. Deep Diving Analysis
Public servants are champions
of change working closely
with society

42. Dr Adriana Alberti
Chief, Programme Management and Capacity Development
Division for Public Institutions and Digital Government
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Nature VS Nurture
It could take a generation
to transform behavior –
Start somewhere, there a
lot of plethora's focusing
on critical mindset and
competencies , equipping
public servants with
capacities to better
themselves and help
improve humanity

43. •Moderating the needs of
WANTS so that the others
needs will be met
•Sacrifice today, tomorrow a beautiful
earth
•To get deeply involved
•Focus and don’t be dogmatic
( assertion of unproved or unprovable
principles)
Asec Rosemarie de Leon
PSPA webinar , 2021
Societal Change

44. You play an important role . . .