The document discusses the history of motion pictures from their origins to modern cinema. It describes early pioneers like Eadweard Muybridge who captured motion through sequential photographs and the work of Thomas Edison and his assistant William Dickson who developed early motion picture cameras and projectors. The Lumiere brothers later invented a portable camera and projector that could both record and show films. Innovators like Georges Melies incorporated early special effects and D.W. Griffith directed pioneering narrative films. Robert Flaherty also shot early documentaries like Nanook of the North.

1. Motion PictureMotion Picture

2. Group MembersGroup Members
• Muhammad Tayyab Tahir (01-155161-042)Muhammad Tayyab Tahir (01-155161-042)
• Abdullah Malik (01-155161-002)Abdullah Malik (01-155161-002)
• Farooq Hassan (01-155161-013)Farooq Hassan (01-155161-013)
• Hafsa Fatima Gillani (01-155161-055)Hafsa Fatima Gillani (01-155161-055)
• Fizza Asif (01-155161-014)Fizza Asif (01-155161-014)
• Tasneem AyubTasneem Ayub (01-155161-061)(01-155161-061)
• Waqar Hassan (01-155161- )Waqar Hassan (01-155161- )
• Samawiya Khalil (01-155161-032)Samawiya Khalil (01-155161-032)

3. What is Motion PictureWhat is Motion Picture
• Motion picture: also called film orMotion picture: also called film or
movie, series of still photographs onmovie, series of still photographs on
film, projected in rapid succession ontofilm, projected in rapid succession onto
a screen by means of light. Because ofa screen by means of light. Because of
the optical phenomenon known asthe optical phenomenon known as
persistence of vision, this gives thepersistence of vision, this gives the
illusion of actual, smooth, andillusion of actual, smooth, and
continuous movement.continuous movement.

4. • The motion picture is a remarkably effectiveThe motion picture is a remarkably effective
medium in conveying drama and especiallymedium in conveying drama and especially
in the evocation of emotion.in the evocation of emotion.
• The art of motion pictures is exceedinglyThe art of motion pictures is exceedingly
complex, requiring contributions from nearlycomplex, requiring contributions from nearly
all the other arts as well as countlessall the other arts as well as countless
technical skills (for example, in soundtechnical skills (for example, in sound
recording, photography, and optics).recording, photography, and optics).
• Emerging at the end of the 19th century, thisEmerging at the end of the 19th century, this
new art form became one of the mostnew art form became one of the most
popular and influential media of the 20thpopular and influential media of the 20th
century and beyond.century and beyond.

5. Types of FilmsTypes of Films
• Feature FilmsFeature Films
• Animated FilmsAnimated Films
• DocumentariesDocumentaries

6. Feature FilmFeature Film
• A feature film is a film (also called aA feature film is a film (also called a
movie or motion picture) with a runningmovie or motion picture) with a running
time long enough to be considered thetime long enough to be considered the
principal or sole film to fill a program. Theprincipal or sole film to fill a program. The
notion of how long this should be hasnotion of how long this should be has
varied according to time and place.varied according to time and place.
• According to the Academy of MotionAccording to the Academy of Motion
Picture Arts and Sciences, American FilmPicture Arts and Sciences, American Film
Institute, and British Film Institute, aInstitute, and British Film Institute, a
feature film runs for 40 minutes or longer.feature film runs for 40 minutes or longer.

7. Narrative FilmsNarrative Films
• Narrative film or Fictional film, is a film thatNarrative film or Fictional film, is a film that
tells a fictional or fictionalized story, event ortells a fictional or fictionalized story, event or
narrative. In this style of film, believablenarrative. In this style of film, believable
narratives and characters help convince thenarratives and characters help convince the
audience that the unfolding fiction is real.audience that the unfolding fiction is real.

8. AnimatedAnimated
• A motion picture produced byA motion picture produced by
photographing a series of graduallyphotographing a series of gradually
changing drawings, etc. which give thechanging drawings, etc. which give the
illusion of movement when the series isillusion of movement when the series is
projected rapidlyprojected rapidly
• In 1920s the development of animationIn 1920s the development of animation
movies started by Walt Disney and his brothermovies started by Walt Disney and his brother
Roy.Roy.
• The famous animated character “SteamboatThe famous animated character “Steamboat
Willie”Willie”
• First full-length animated film was “Snow whiteFirst full-length animated film was “Snow white
and the Seven Dwarfs”and the Seven Dwarfs”

9. DocumentariesDocumentaries
• AA documentary filmdocumentary film is a nonfictional motionis a nonfictional motion
picture intended to document somepicture intended to document some
aspect of reality, primarily for the purposesaspect of reality, primarily for the purposes
of instruction or maintaining a historicalof instruction or maintaining a historical
record.record.
• Robert Flaherty- first documentaryRobert Flaherty- first documentary
filmmakerfilmmaker
• Frank Capra- Hollywood movie directorFrank Capra- Hollywood movie director
who produced powerful propagandawho produced powerful propaganda
movies for the U.S war effort in World War IImovies for the U.S war effort in World War II

10. Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective

11. Throughout the evolution of film making, studioThroughout the evolution of film making, studio
executives, directors and inventors have workedexecutives, directors and inventors have worked
to keep the medium relevant with continualto keep the medium relevant with continual
adaptationadaptation

13. EadweardEadweard
MuybridgeMuybridge
(1830-1904)
British photographer,
known for early use of
multiple cameras to
capture motion
and his Zoopraxiscope, a
device for projecting
motion pictures that pre-
dated celluloid film strip.

14. 14
Muybridge invented the Zoopraxiscope, a machine that projectedMuybridge invented the Zoopraxiscope, a machine that projected
images to show realistic motion.images to show realistic motion.
Considered to be a precursor to the development of the motionConsidered to be a precursor to the development of the motion

15. Muybridge’s Motion Study for Leyland Stanford 1872-78Muybridge’s Motion Study for Leyland Stanford 1872-78

16. 16
Eadweard Muybridge,Eadweard Muybridge,
1872 - 18781872 - 1878
Hired by Leland Stanford to prove
whether during horse's gallop, all
4 hooves were off the ground at
the same time.
Findings:
Hooves all leave the ground but
not at the point of full extension
forward and back, as illustrators
imagined, but when all the hooves
are tucked under the horse, as it
switches from "pulling" from the
front legs to "pushing" from the
back legs
Photos show each hoof hits the
ground just as another is leaving
it. At full gallop it gets traction
from one hoof at a time.
Series of photos, taken for Stanford University
“The Horse in Motion”

17. 17
George EastmanGeorge Eastman (1854-1932)
Roll Film, 1888
Developed dry plates, film with
flexible backing, roll holders for
the flexible film
Kodak camera: camera for novice,
and an amateur motion-picture
camera.
Kodak: “You press the button, we do the rest.”

18. 18
Thomas EdisonThomas Edison
Inspired by Muybridge’s work, Edison
decided to develop a motion picture
camera. He bought 90 Muybridge
Motion Study Images.
1889 he filed a patent for his
Kinetoscope to view moving pictures
Although Edison conceived of the idea,
most agree that it was his assistant
William Dickson who did most of the
experimentation and work for the
device.
Edison had idea to etch pictures on
photographic cylinders.
Dickson switched to celluloid film to
demonstrate synchronized motion
with sound.
Eastman and Edison

19. The Kinetoscope: A single-viewer peep-show device.The Kinetoscope: A single-viewer peep-show device.
Film was moved past a lightFilm was moved past a light

20. 20
Thomas Edison/WilliamThomas Edison/William
DicksonDickson
KinetographKinetograph
Edison's Kinetograph was a motion
picture camera developed by William
Dickson, 1892
Kinetograph uses rapid intermittent film
movement to record the movement of
images by taking pictures in quick
succession. Played back it creates illusion
of motion.
To record it uses a motor to run gelatin film
over a photographic lens.
Thomas Edison
William Dickson

21. 21
Thomas Edison -Thomas Edison -
KinetographKinetograph
Developed by Edison and
William Dickson, 1892
Together they produced the
first preserved motion
picture Ott's Sneeze.
Their early movies showed
dancers, clowns or other
entertainers.
Fred Ott’s Sneeze
One of the earliest films

22. 22
Edison’s early movies showed dancers, clowns or other entertainers.
Edison’s patent did not cover Europe.
Robert Paul fitted the camera with a hand crank that allowed portable set-so filming could
be done outside studio
Edison/Dickson Early FilmsEdison/Dickson Early Films

24. 24
Lumiere BrothersLumiere Brothers
Auguste and Louis Lumiere,
1895
1894 brothers invented
camera that could make films,
process and project movies-
35mm film at 16 frames per
second
Named it Cinematographie
shortened to cinema
1896 they opened theatres in
London, Brussels, Belgium
and New York to show films.

25. 25
Lumiere Brothers 1895
One of the first films was
Workers Leaving the factory.
Appeal of people "caught in the
act of living,”
Edison's movies were staged
productions of fiction, the
Lumiere's were everyday people
What people really wanted was
a combination of both
fictionalized films in the real
world
Lumiere brothers
Everyday scenes

26. 26
George MeliesGeorge Melies
Special Effects, 1902
Made a movie A Game of Cards
in 1896
His movies were surreal films
inspired by his experiences as
a magician
Considered the founder of
special effects.
Most famous is 10 minute
A Trip to the Moon

27. 27
Action-Adventures
D.W. Griffith
The Birth of a Nation, 1915
First Full-Length Feature
Tremendous Cost
Ku Klux Klan Revitalized
National Protests
Creation of United Artists,
1919

28. 28
Documentary
Robert Flaherty
Nanook of the North 1913
A Canadian Inuit's struggle
example of early documentary work.
First great nonfiction film.
Nanook and his friends and family &
Flaherty re-created an Eskimo culture
that no longer existed in a series of
staged scenes.
Controversy over staging
Conflict between the explorer-scientist
Flaherty began a tradition of
participatory filmmaking which
continues today.
Robert Flaherty

29. 29
SynchronizingSynchronizing
SoundSound
Vitaphone vs
Phonofilm
1920s two competing types
of sound were being used
Vitaphone was sound on disc
Phonofilm was sound on film

30. 30
First Dialogue:
Vitaphone (Disc): Warner Bros.
The Jazz Singer, 1927
Only 4 sequences have sound and only a
few moments of dialogue)
About the Jewish experience-the conflict
between aged cantor and his young,
assimilated son who wants to enter show
business.
Actor who plays his role in blackface.
Story of assimilation and
Americanization, but it contains a highly
offensive racial image.
Racism combined with the expropriation
of African American identity.
Al Jolson speaks: The Jazz Singer

31. 31
The Silent Era
Movies Became a Business
Directors Learned the Craft
Mack Sennett & Hal Roach
Cecil B. DeMille & Sergei
Eisenstein Charlie Chaplin &
Buster Keaton
Star System Established in
California
Mary Pickford: $1 Million a
Picture or $10 Million in
Today's Dollars
Numerous Scandals
Pickford/Fairbanks & Roscoe
Arbuckle
Academy Awards Established,
1929 as a public relations move
to dignify the industry

32. 32
Color
First full length color film was The
World, the Flesh and the Devil,
1914
First three color process was 1926
Disney used it early
Technicolor in 1937 with A Star is
Born and in 1939 Gone with the
Wind
Snow White & Seven Dwarfs 1937

33. 33
Color
Tinted: Great Train Robbery,
1903
Kinemacolor: The World, the
Flesh and the Devil, 1914
Technicolor: The Black Pirate,
1926
Cartoons: Flowers and Trees,
1933
Public's Acceptance:
The Wizard of Oz, 1939

34. 34
Cold War fears of Communism,
led to Sci-Fi, Atom Bomb, and
Teenage Angst Movies
3D and "B" Movies for Drive-Ins
Fall of Single Theaters
Hollywood Adapts
Rise in Television Production
Effects of Online and
multimedia

35. Walt DisneyWalt Disney
• Walt Disney (December 5, 1901 –
December 15, 1966) was an American
entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and
film producer
• A pioneer of the American animation
industry, he introduced several
developments in the production
of cartoons.
• Walt Disney created the Disney
franchise with a squeaky mouse
“Steamboat Willie” in a synch-sound
cartoon in 1928
• In 1937 Disney experimented with full-
feature animated film “ Snow white and the
Seven Dwarfs”

36. Steven SpielbergSteven Spielberg
• Steven Allan Spielberg born December 18,
1946, is an American director, producer and
screenwriter. Spielberg is considered one of
the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood
era.
• His first professional TV job came when he
was hired to direct one of the segments for
the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery
• Based on the strength of his work, Universal
signed Spielberg to do four TV films
• Studio producers Richard D. Zanuck and
David Brown offered Spielberg the director's
chair for Jaws, a thriller-horror film based on
the Peter Benchley novel about an enormous
killer shark.

37. CinemaCinema
• The cinema of the United States, often generally
referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound
effect on cinema across the world since the early
20th century.
• The dominant style of American cinema is Classical
Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917 to
1960 and characterizes most films to this day.

38. Hollywood StudioHollywood Studio
• Studio system: It is a method of film production and
distribution dominated by a small number of "major"
studios in Hollywood.
• Hollywood is dominated by six movie studios, all
engaged in both producing and distributing movies.
o Paramount
o Disney
o Columbia
o 20th
Century-Fox
o Universal
o Warner

39. PARAMOUNTPARAMOUNT
• Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving filmParamount is the fifth oldest surviving film
studio in the world, and America's oldeststudio in the world, and America's oldest
running studio, founded in 1912running studio, founded in 1912
• It is the last major film studio stillIt is the last major film studio still
headquartered in the Hollywood district of Losheadquartered in the Hollywood district of Los
Angeles.Angeles.
• Hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, whoHungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who
had been an early investor in nickelodeons,had been an early investor in nickelodeons,
saw that movies appealed mainly to working-saw that movies appealed mainly to working-
class immigrants. he planned to offer feature-class immigrants. he planned to offer feature-
length films that would appeal to the middlelength films that would appeal to the middle
classclass
• Its first film was “Les Amours de la reineIts first film was “Les Amours de la reine
Élisabeth”Élisabeth”

40. • Star System: the practice of promoting or otherwiseStar System: the practice of promoting or otherwise
favoring individuals who have become famous andfavoring individuals who have become famous and
popular, in particular in the motion-picture industry.popular, in particular in the motion-picture industry.
• So it introduced with the invention of ParamountSo it introduced with the invention of Paramount
• Paramount is the Hollywood’s survivorParamount is the Hollywood’s survivor
• The end of the studio system came when largeThe end of the studio system came when large
conglomerates bought the studios and imposed newconglomerates bought the studios and imposed new
bottom-line expectations, Zukor remained thebottom-line expectations, Zukor remained the
chairman of board until his death in 1976, at age ofchairman of board until his death in 1976, at age of
103.103.
• Today it is also working in television programs, and itToday it is also working in television programs, and it
is the only major studio still located in Hollywood.is the only major studio still located in Hollywood.

41. DISNEYDISNEY
• It wasn’t just Mickey Mouse. it was Disney's unmatchedIt wasn’t just Mickey Mouse. it was Disney's unmatched
animated cartoons, however that launched the companyanimated cartoons, however that launched the company
and propelled it into a distinctive role among majorand propelled it into a distinctive role among major
Hollywood studios.Hollywood studios.
• In 1954 Walt Disney struck a deal with the ABC network toIn 1954 Walt Disney struck a deal with the ABC network to
produce an original television series.produce an original television series.
• The program Disneyland, a Sunday-night ritual for millionsThe program Disneyland, a Sunday-night ritual for millions
of viewersof viewers
• Disney also launched Mickey Mouse Club on ABCDisney also launched Mickey Mouse Club on ABC
• It had become a brand name for familyIt had become a brand name for family
oriented entertainmentoriented entertainment

42. Other major studiosOther major studios
• Columbia:Columbia: It has movedIt has moved
through high visibilitythrough high visibility
ownership, including Coca-ownership, including Coca-
Cola and the JapaneseCola and the Japanese
electronics company Sony.electronics company Sony.
• 2020thth
Century-Fox:Century-Fox: This studio isThis studio is
part of the global mediapart of the global media
empire of Rupert Murdoch’sempire of Rupert Murdoch’s
News Corp. whose roots are inNews Corp. whose roots are in
Australia.Australia.

43. • Universal:Universal: Earlier, Universal wasEarlier, Universal was
part of Canadian-basedpart of Canadian-based
Seagram, known mostly as aSeagram, known mostly as a
distiller. The GE acquisition put thedistiller. The GE acquisition put the
NBC television network andNBC television network and
Universal under the sameUniversal under the same
corporate umbrella.corporate umbrella.
• Warner: Warner bros became partWarner: Warner bros became part
of the Time Inc. media empire in aof the Time Inc. media empire in a
1989 acquisition prompting the1989 acquisition prompting the
parent company to rename itselfparent company to rename itself
Time Warner.Time Warner.

44. Theaters: Rise and DeclineTheaters: Rise and Decline
• Exhibition: the movie exhibition has beenExhibition: the movie exhibition has been
boom and bust. The beginnings, early in theboom and bust. The beginnings, early in the
1900s, were modest. Images were projected1900s, were modest. Images were projected
onto a white sheet spread across a wall inonto a white sheet spread across a wall in
low-rent storefronts and onto white-sashedlow-rent storefronts and onto white-sashed
plywood hoisted upright in circus tents.plywood hoisted upright in circus tents.
• By 1912, there was a new standardBy 1912, there was a new standard
”STRAND”- 3,300 seat theater that rivaled”STRAND”- 3,300 seat theater that rivaled
the world’s best opera housesthe world’s best opera houses

45. • The advent of network television inThe advent of network television in
the 1950s cut into movie attendance.the 1950s cut into movie attendance.
A lot of marquees went dark, someA lot of marquees went dark, some
permanently, some at least a fewpermanently, some at least a few
nights a week.nights a week.
• Beginning in the 1970s, movie houseBeginning in the 1970s, movie house
chains followed their customers to thechains followed their customers to the
suburbs and built a new form ofsuburbs and built a new form of
movie house- the multiscreenmovie house- the multiscreen
multiplex.multiplex.
• Attendance was strong atAttendance was strong at
multiplexes, some with as many as 30multiplexes, some with as many as 30
screens, State-of-art sound systemsscreens, State-of-art sound systems
were installed.were installed.

46. Rise of Little MoviesRise of Little Movies
• Film Festivals: Every January in Park City,Film Festivals: Every January in Park City,
Utah, Hollywood dispatches teams toUtah, Hollywood dispatches teams to
audition films by independent filmmakers ataudition films by independent filmmakers at
the Sundance Film Festival.the Sundance Film Festival.
• Exhibition Niches: For half a century, majorExhibition Niches: For half a century, major
cities and college towns have hadcities and college towns have had
arthouses, small movie houses that showarthouses, small movie houses that show
mostly foreign films.mostly foreign films.

47. • Demographic Niches: Hollywood has anDemographic Niches: Hollywood has an
uneven history of gearing movies touneven history of gearing movies to
demographic niches, except for teem flicksdemographic niches, except for teem flicks
whose low budgets consistently yield solidwhose low budgets consistently yield solid
returns. Many niches are tricky and fickle.returns. Many niches are tricky and fickle.
• Foreign Movies: Abroad, local-languageForeign Movies: Abroad, local-language
movies are taking a large slice of homemovies are taking a large slice of home
markets. The result: more homegrownmarkets. The result: more homegrown
competition for Hollywood-produced films incompetition for Hollywood-produced films in
foreign countries.foreign countries.

48. Top 10 moviesTop 10 movies

49. ConclusionConclusion
• Movies have great impact on society since
their inventions.
• There should be restrictions and policies on
some motion pictures, setup of proper board.
• Movie makers should focus on quality script
instead of money making scheme.
• There should be more festivals and exhibitions
• Bigwigs are investing their money with movie
makers for award sectors

50. THANK YOU !THANK YOU !