The Earth rotates on its tilted axis, completing a full rotation in 24 hours, leading to day and night cycles. It revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit, taking approximately 365.25 days, and this revolution, along with the axial tilt, causes the seasons and varying lengths of day and night. Key solar events include solstices and equinoxes, which mark the beginnings of summer, winter, spring, and autumn respectively.

4. The earth
rotates on it’s own
axis.
It’s axis is an
imaginary line
between the North
Pole and the South
Pole.
The axis is tilted.

5. The earth
takes 24 hours
to complete a
full circle.
1,036 miles
per hour

7. Day and Night As the earth rotates
on its axis, half of the earth
faces the sun and half of the
earth faces away from the sun.
The half of the Earth that faces
the sun will experience day while
the half of the Earth that faces
away from the sun will
experience night.

8. Image of Day and Night

9. High and Low Tide High and low tide
is a result of the gravitational
pull between the sun and the
moon. When the earth rotates,
the sun and the moon pulls it,
however, one of the force is
usually stronger than the
other. Hence, we will experience
high and low tide.

10. Image of High and Low Tide

11. Wind speed and Direction
Wind on the earth comes from
north, south, east and west
direction. As the earth rotates
on its axis, different places will
get stronger surge of wind as a
result of the speed of the
rotation

12. Image of Wind speed and Direction
Wind speed and Direction are how fast
the air is moving and from which
direction.

14. The Earth revolves around the
Sun.
The Earth takes 365 ¼ days
to complete the revolution = a
year.

15. Earth revolves
around the sun
in a slightly
eccentric
elliptical orbit
once a year.
The speed of
earth’s
revolution is
about 18 miles
per hour.

17. Three factors cause the seasons:
 The revolution of the Earth around
the Sun.
 The tilt of the Earth’s axis of
rotation respects to the Plane of the
Ecliptic.
 The tilt of the Earth’s axis remains
constant

18. Revolution causes:
- The four characteristic
positions of the Earth (summer and
winter solstices and spring and
autumn equinoxes ) .
- The seasons of the year

19. Solstices and equinoxes
Solstice: one of two days in the
year when the Sun is at its
highest or lowest point in the sky
at noon (12 pm)
Equinox: one of two days in the
year when day and night are the
same length of time.

20. Summer Solstice marks the beginning of
summer on June 21/22. June 21 is the
longest day. When it is summer in the
northern hemisphere it will be winter in
the southern hemisphere and the sun is
directly over the tropic of cancer.

21. Winter Solstice marks the beginning of winter
on December 21/22. December 21 is the
shortest day. When it is winter in the
northern hemisphere it will be summer in the
southern hemisphere and the sun is directly
over the tropic of Capricorn.

22. Spring Equinox marks the beginning of
spring on March 20/21. When it is
spring in the northern hemisphere it will
be autumn in the southern hemisphere
and the sun is directly over the equator.

23. Autumn Equinox marks the beginning of
autumn on September 22/23. When it
is autumn in the northern hemisphere it
will be spring in the southern hemisphere
and the sun is directly over equator.

25. Varying Length of Day and Night
The effects of revolution causes varying
length of day and night.
In December the sun is directly over
the tropic of capricorn, therefore,
there will be shorter days and longer
night.
In June, the sun is directly over the
tropic of cancer, therefore, there will
be longer days and shorter nights.

26. During the seasons, temperature changes
depend on angle at which the Sun’s rays
hit the Earth.