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Morphology student 2
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- 8. Kinds of Wordsaccording to Morpheme Structure 1.Simple Word - with a single morpheme. -example: house, I, the, off
- 9. Kinds of Wordsaccording to Morpheme Structure 2. Complex words - root word + at least 1 affix. -example: worker, rewrite, telling
- 10. Kinds of Wordsaccording to Morpheme Structure 3. Compound words - with 2 root words - example: afternoon, mailbox, backbone
- 13. • Root isthe smallest meaningful part of a word. • Stem is any morpheme which a syntactical affix can be added to • Base is any morpheme which an affix can be added to. • here agree is a root and base at the same time..it is a root because it is bare and an base because dis- and -ment can be added to it. • disagree is a stem because its is a verb and by adding ment it changes to an adjective • dis/ment are affixes. • affixes can't stand alone in languages. they are added to bases to change their meaning both semantically and syntactically. •
- 18. FREE MORPHEMES Content words/ Lexicalwords/ open class Function words/ Grammatical words/ close class this group includes nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives Examples: happy, run, man, pizza, pretty, easy this group includes conjunctions, articles, pronouns and prepositions Examples: to, but, and, that, there, first, often, soon, none, all
- 19. MORPHEME FREE BOUND LEXICAL FUNCTIONAFFIXES ROOT
- 24. 8 Inflectional Morphemes ●4for verbs: -ed, -s, -ing, -ed -en (worked, works, working, has worked) ●2 for nouns : -s, -’s, (boys, boy’s) ●2 for adjectives or adverb: -er, -est ( smarter, smartest)
- 25. a. Her deathseemed such a senseless waste of life. b.The shameless way he lied to us c.It was useless to complain. d. It was a happy but childless marriage. e. Thousands of people have been made homeless.
- 32. Word Free A internationalInter, nation,al 3 B Chairs Chair, s 2 C Dislike dis, like 2 D Played Play , ed 2 e Remake Re, make 2 F Management Manage, ment 2 Actions Act, ion, s 3 Depending Depend , ing 2 Respective Respect, ive 2
- 34. Word Free Bound DerivationInflection A international nation (n) inter , al (adj) B Chairs Chair (N) Chairs (N) C Dislike Like (V) Dislike(V) D Played Play (V) Played (V) e Remake Make Remake (V) F Management Manage (V) Ment (N)
- 38. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES de-from, down, away reverse, opposite decode, decrease dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear mis- bad, wrong mislead, misplace re- again, back react, reappear un- against, not, opposite undo, unequal, unusual ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion il- not illegal, illogical im- not, without impossible, improper in- not, without inaction, invisible non- not nonfiction, nonsense pre- before prefix, prehistory pro- for, forward, before proactive, profess, program
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- 56. Types of Prefixes 1)ชนิดที่เติมข้างหน้าแล้วทำให้คำนั้นมีความหมายตรงกันข้ามได้แก่ un-, dis-,in-,im-,non-,etc. เป็นต้น 2) ชนิดที่เติมข้างหน้าแล้ว ทำให้คำนั้นเป็นกริยาขึ้นมาได้แก่ en-, em- 3) ชนิดที่เติมลงไปข้างหน้าแล้ว มีความหมายแตกต่างกัน ซึ่งผู้ศึกษาต้องจดจำเป็นตัวๆไป ได้แก่ co-, re-, supper-, etc. เป็นต้น
- 57. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES de-from, down, away reverse, opposite decode, decrease dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear mis- bad, wrong mislead, misplace re- again, back react, reappear un- against, not, opposite undo, unequal, unusual ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion il- not illegal, illogical im- not, without impossible, improper in- not, without inaction, invisible non- not nonfiction, nonsense pre- before prefix, prehistory pro- for, forward, before proactive, profess, program
- 60. in-, (im-, il-,ir) (ไม่) ใช้เติมข้างหน้าคำ Adjective เท่านั้น แต่จะใช้อุปสรรคตัวไหนเติม มีหลักเกณฑ์ดังนี้
- 70. Tree diagram • Technicalities •impersonalities • unmistakable
- 71. Types of Suffixes •noun-forming suffixes • verb-forming suffixes • Adjective-forming suffixes
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- 93. Prefixes 1. Opposite meaning. un- dis- in-,im-, il-, ir- non- mis- 3. Remember anti- ex- pre- post- re- sub- muti-, inter- 2. Change to Verb en- em-
- 94. Suffixes 1. Noun Form. -ment -tion,-sion - ance, -ence -ism, ist -ty, -ity, -ness -ing 3. Adjective Form -able, ible -ant, -ent -ous -ative 2. Verb Form -ate -en -ize
- 95. Affixes 1. Noun Form. -ment -tion,-sion - ance, -ence -ism, ist -ty, -ity, -ness -ing 3. Adjective Form -able, ible -ant, -ent -ous -ative 2. Verb Form -ate -en -ize