The document discusses linguistics and the different levels of language analysis including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It then focuses on morphology, explaining the different types of morphemes including roots, stems, bases, affixes. It provides examples of different kinds of words according to their morpheme structure such as simple words, complex words, and compound words. Finally, it discusses the different types of prefixes and suffixes, providing examples for each.

1. Linguistics
Language
sound structures meaning
phonetics
Phonology
morphology
syntax
semantic
pragmatics
สัทศาสตร์
สัทวิทยา
วิทยาหน่วยคำ
วากยสัมพันธ์
อรรถศาสตร์
วจนปฏิบัติศาสตร

3. Morphology

7. dɪˈzaɪə
man·ly
/dɪˈzaɪərəbəl

8. Kinds of Words according to Morpheme Structure
1.Simple Word
- with a single morpheme.
-example:
house, I, the, off

9. Kinds of Words according to
Morpheme Structure
2. Complex words
- root word + at least 1 affix.
-example:
worker, rewrite, telling

10. Kinds of Words according to
Morpheme Structure
3. Compound words
- with 2 root words
- example:
afternoon, mailbox, backbone

13. • Root is the smallest meaningful part of a word.
• Stem is any morpheme which a syntactical affix can be added to
• Base is any morpheme which an affix can be added to.
• here agree is a root and base at the same time..it is a root because it is bare and
an base because dis- and -ment can be added to it.
• disagree is a stem because its is a verb and by adding ment it changes to an
adjective
• dis/ment are affixes.
• affixes can't stand alone in languages. they are added to bases to change their
meaning both semantically and syntactically.
•

18. FREE MORPHEMES
Content words/
Lexical words/
open class
Function words/
Grammatical words/
close class
this group includes nouns,
verbs, adverbs and
adjectives
Examples: happy, run, man,
pizza, pretty, easy
this group includes
conjunctions, articles,
pronouns and prepositions
Examples: to, but, and, that,
there, first, often, soon,
none, all

19. MORPHEME
FREE BOUND
LEXICAL FUNCTION AFFIXES
ROOT

24. 8 Inflectional Morphemes
●4 for verbs: -ed, -s, -ing, -ed -en
(worked, works, working, has worked)
●2 for nouns : -s, -’s, (boys, boy’s)
●2 for adjectives or adverb: -er, -est
( smarter, smartest)

25. a. Her death seemed such a senseless waste of life.
b.The shameless way he lied to us
c.It was useless to complain.
d. It was a happy but childless marriage.
e. Thousands of people have been made homeless.

32. Word Free
A international Inter, nation,al 3
B Chairs Chair, s 2
C Dislike dis, like 2
D Played Play , ed 2
e Remake Re, make 2
F Management Manage, ment 2
Actions Act, ion, s 3
Depending Depend , ing 2
Respective Respect, ive 2

34. Word Free Bound
Derivation Inflection
A international nation (n) inter , al (adj)
B Chairs Chair (N) Chairs (N)
C Dislike Like (V) Dislike(V)
D Played Play (V) Played (V)
e Remake Make Remake (V)
F Management Manage (V) Ment (N)

38. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
de- from, down, away reverse, opposite decode, decrease
dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear
mis- bad, wrong mislead, misplace
re- again, back react, reappear
un- against, not, opposite undo, unequal, unusual
ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion
il- not illegal, illogical
im- not, without impossible, improper
in- not, without inaction, invisible
non- not nonfiction, nonsense
pre- before prefix, prehistory
pro- for, forward, before proactive, profess, program

52. unsystematic

53. Affixes
• Prefixes
• Suffixes

56. Types of Prefixes
1) ชนิดที่เติมข้างหน้าแล้วทำให้คำนั้นมีความหมายตรงกันข้ามได้แก่ un-,
dis-,in-,im-,non-,etc. เป็นต้น
2) ชนิดที่เติมข้างหน้าแล้ว ทำให้คำนั้นเป็นกริยาขึ้นมาได้แก่ en-, em-
3) ชนิดที่เติมลงไปข้างหน้าแล้ว มีความหมายแตกต่างกัน ซึ่งผู้ศึกษาต้องจดจำเป็นตัวๆไป
ได้แก่ co-, re-, supper-, etc. เป็นต้น

57. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
de- from, down, away reverse, opposite decode, decrease
dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear
mis- bad, wrong mislead, misplace
re- again, back react, reappear
un- against, not, opposite undo, unequal, unusual
ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion
il- not illegal, illogical
im- not, without impossible, improper
in- not, without inaction, invisible
non- not nonfiction, nonsense
pre- before prefix, prehistory
pro- for, forward, before proactive, profess, program

60. in-, (im-, il-, ir) (ไม่) ใช้เติมข้างหน้าคำ Adjective เท่านั้น แต่จะใช้อุปสรรคตัวไหนเติม มีหลักเกณฑ์ดังนี้

70. Tree diagram
• Technicalities
• impersonalities
• unmistakable

71. Types of Suffixes
• noun-forming suffixes
• verb-forming suffixes
• Adjective-forming suffixes

72. 1. noun-forming suffixes

76. r

85. 2) Verb-Forming Suffixes

88. 3.3) Adjective-Forming
Suffixes

93. Prefixes
1. Opposite meaning.
un-
dis-
in-, im-, il-, ir-
non-
mis-
3. Remember
anti-
ex-
pre-
post-
re-
sub-
muti-, inter-
2. Change to Verb
en-
em-

94. Suffixes
1. Noun Form.
-ment
-tion, -sion
- ance, -ence
-ism, ist
-ty, -ity, -ness
-ing
3. Adjective Form
-able, ible
-ant, -ent
-ous
-ative
2. Verb Form
-ate
-en
-ize

95. Affixes
1. Noun Form.
-ment
-tion, -sion
- ance, -ence
-ism, ist
-ty, -ity, -ness
-ing
3. Adjective Form
-able, ible
-ant, -ent
-ous
-ative
2. Verb Form
-ate
-en
-ize