This study analyzed the levels of trace metals manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in Moringa oleifera leaves using atomic absorption spectrometry. Moringa leaf samples were collected from Wukro Agricultural College in Ethiopia and dried before being analyzed. The results showed concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Ni to be 2.8660±0.0436 mg/kg, 1.1050±0.0019 mg/kg, and 3.2002±0.0241 mg/kg respectively, with Ni having the highest concentration. All metal levels were found to be below WHO guidelines. The study concluded Moringa oleifera leaves accumulate essential trace metals but at levels below safety
This study investigated the health risk of heavy metal in smoked Trachurus trachurus sold in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. The fish samples were purchased from Tombia Junction market in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. The samples were dry-ashed, digested and analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrometry. The daily intake and target hazard quotients were computed following standard procedure. Results showed mean manganese, copper, chromium, zinc and iron 0.865mg/kg, 0.085 mg/kg, <0.001mg/kg, 12.98mg/kg and 37.20 respectively. Manganese, iron and zinc concentration were above recommended level for fish food as specified by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization and Median international standard. Target hazard quotient were <1 for both children and adult apart from iron and zinc that were high in only adults. This is an indication of potential health concern of iron and zinc in adult that consumes the smoked Trachurus trachurus sold in the study area.
Assessment on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and its Effect on Liver Tissues of...ijtsrd
Heavy metal pollution is a very serious issue in the present world and is caused by release of toxic substances from industrial and domestic sources into the sea water leading to harm marine organisms. Marine fishes are commonly consumed for its nutritional benefits and thus lead to transfer toxic metals into the food chain. Harpodon nehereus is a common and local fish from west coast of Maharashtra with high consumption rate among local population. Fish organs particularly liver being major site of detoxification shows structural alterations on exposure to pollution stress from their surrounding environment. Histopathological examination provides an indication of organ impairment to evaluate the health status of selected fish and the degree of pollution in marine environment. The present research effort was done to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals and to study histopathological alterations in liver tissues of largely consumed fish Harpodon nehereus collected from Sassoon dock, west Coast of Maharashtra, India. The research was carried out during the post-monsoon season of the year. High accumulation of lead 11.8 ± 8.34 mg kg , copper 20.46 ± 11.06 mg kg and Zinc 286.26 ± 114.5 mg kg were observed in liver tissues. Further histopathological study of present investigation reveals heavy damages in liver tissues of Harpodon nehereus representing that the selected fish is under high threat of pollution stress. Archana Oza | Leena Muralidharan "Assessment on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and its Effect on Liver Tissues of Harpodon Nehereus from Mumbai Coast of Maharashtra, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20250.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/20250/assessment-on-accumulation-of-heavy-metals-and-its-effect-on-liver-tissues-of-harpodon-nehereus-from-mumbai-coast-of-maharashtra-india/archana-oza
This study investigated the health risk of heavy metal in smoked Trachurus trachurus sold in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. The fish samples were purchased from Tombia Junction market in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. The samples were dry-ashed, digested and analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrometry. The daily intake and target hazard quotients were computed following standard procedure. Results showed mean manganese, copper, chromium, zinc and iron 0.865mg/kg, 0.085 mg/kg, <0.001mg/kg, 12.98mg/kg and 37.20 respectively. Manganese, iron and zinc concentration were above recommended level for fish food as specified by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization and Median international standard. Target hazard quotient were <1 for both children and adult apart from iron and zinc that were high in only adults. This is an indication of potential health concern of iron and zinc in adult that consumes the smoked Trachurus trachurus sold in the study area.
Assessment on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and its Effect on Liver Tissues of...ijtsrd
Heavy metal pollution is a very serious issue in the present world and is caused by release of toxic substances from industrial and domestic sources into the sea water leading to harm marine organisms. Marine fishes are commonly consumed for its nutritional benefits and thus lead to transfer toxic metals into the food chain. Harpodon nehereus is a common and local fish from west coast of Maharashtra with high consumption rate among local population. Fish organs particularly liver being major site of detoxification shows structural alterations on exposure to pollution stress from their surrounding environment. Histopathological examination provides an indication of organ impairment to evaluate the health status of selected fish and the degree of pollution in marine environment. The present research effort was done to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals and to study histopathological alterations in liver tissues of largely consumed fish Harpodon nehereus collected from Sassoon dock, west Coast of Maharashtra, India. The research was carried out during the post-monsoon season of the year. High accumulation of lead 11.8 ± 8.34 mg kg , copper 20.46 ± 11.06 mg kg and Zinc 286.26 ± 114.5 mg kg were observed in liver tissues. Further histopathological study of present investigation reveals heavy damages in liver tissues of Harpodon nehereus representing that the selected fish is under high threat of pollution stress. Archana Oza | Leena Muralidharan "Assessment on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and its Effect on Liver Tissues of Harpodon Nehereus from Mumbai Coast of Maharashtra, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20250.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/20250/assessment-on-accumulation-of-heavy-metals-and-its-effect-on-liver-tissues-of-harpodon-nehereus-from-mumbai-coast-of-maharashtra-india/archana-oza
Isolation and Characterization of Nickel Tolerant Bacterial Strains from Elec...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize nickel tolerant bacterial strains from the electroplating effluent contaminated soil. The effluent sample was collected at the direct outlet of electroplating industry and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics such as pH (6.5), temperature (33), electrical conductivity (15.1 ms/cm), total solids (2309mg/l), total dissolved solids (5573 mg/l), chloride (0.20mg/l), sodium (0.13ppm), calcium (2.23ppm), potassium (0.20ppm), Biological Oxygen Demand (4200mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (5243 mg/l) and nickel (4.063ppm). Enumeration of total bacterial population from the electroplating effluent contaminated soil sample was made in nutrient agar medium. Sixteen bacterial colonies were selected based on their abundance growth all of them were identified through morphological and biochemical characteristics. All the sixteen bacterial isolates were screened for its metal tolerance using nutrient agar medium incorporated with nickel metal. Based on the better growth performance, six bacterial strains were selected as potential metal tolerant organism. The selected metal tolerant bacterial strains were further characterized in the various environmental conditions such as pH (5, 7 & 9) temperature (5°C, 28°C, 37°C & 45°C) and concentration of metal ions (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm & 400ppm) for 5 days. The result reveals that one bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp 1 was showed better growth in nickel metal based medium with pH 7 at 37°C temperature.
Heavy Metals Contamination Levels In Suya Meat Marketed In Selected Towns In ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Nanoparticles Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis Overviewijtsrd
Nanoparticles exist in several different morphologies such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, tubes etc. The word nanoparticles are used to describe a particle with size in the range of 1nm to 100nm, at least in one of the three possible dimensions. In this size range, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the nanoparticles changes in fundamental ways from the properties of both individual atoms molecules and of the corresponding bulk materials. The enormous diversity of the nanoparticles arising from their wide chemical nature, shape and morphologies, the medium in which the particles are present, the state of dispersion of the particles and most importantly, the numerous possible surface modifications the nanoparticles can be subjected to make this an important active field of science now a days. Dr. Ilamathi Jayaraman | Dr. Vijayakumari. S "Nanoparticles: Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis: Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46478.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/46478/nanoparticles-methods-for-nanoparticles-synthesis-overview/dr-ilamathi-jayaraman
Heavy Metal Analysis from Traditionally used Herb Ceropegia juncea (Roxb.)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
Heavy Metals Level Evaluation in Lycopersicon Esculentum Tomato and Daucus Ca...ijtsrd
The exposure to heavy metals such as Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, As, Hg, Zn, Fe and Cu, has been reported as a risk to human health through the consumption of vegetable when exposed to air pollution and other environmental and agricultural pesticides. This paper is aimed to evaluate the level of heavy metal in carrot and tomatoes cultivated in two farming communities in Kazaure Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The result showed that the mean levels concentration of heavy metals from carrot and tomatoes fruit cultivated from the two farming communities in Kazaure namely Gada and Firji farming areas. The heavy Ni, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cr concentration for carrots cultivated at Gada farming area were ranged from 0.06 0.09 mg kg, 0.08 0.09 mg kg, 8.24 8.91 mg kg,0.13 0.23 mg kg,1.23 ,1.56 1.67 mg kg and 0.02 0.04 mg kg respectively. The heavy metals As Cu and Co were not detected in the fruits of carrot for cultivated in both two farming areas. While the mean concentration obtained from tomatoes fruits from the Gada and Firji farming areas ranged from 0.14 0.16 mg kg, 0.06 0.07 mg kg, 6.11 6.12 mg kg, 0.97 0,99 mg kg, 1.11 1.23 mg kg, 0.35 0.39 mg kg for Ni, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr respectively. While As, Cu, Pb and Co were not found in tomatoes harvested from the two farming communities. The study concludes that the level of some heavy metals analysed in carrot and tomatoes fruits were found within the permissible level except lead and cadmium. Ibrahim M. D | Abdulmumin Y | Abdulmumin T. M | Adamu A. U "Heavy Metals Level Evaluation in Lycopersicon Esculentum (Tomato) and Daucus Carota (Carrot) Cultivated In Two Farming Communities in Kazaure Local Government Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30269.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/30269/heavy-metals-level-evaluation-in-lycopersicon-esculentum-tomato-and-daucus-carota-carrot-cultivated-in-two-farming-communities-in-kazaure-local-government-area/ibrahim-m-d
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.9
and so pollutant burdens recorded in soft body tissue, bones, feathers and eggs are likely to reflect chemical contamination
within their extended home ranges. These local, upper trophic level species are believed to be especially vulnerable to
metals and play a very important role as environmental contamination indicators. The concentration of Lead (Pb),
Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in feather samples of Long-billed vultures (Gyps
indicus) (n = 100) collected from Tikamgarh, Lalitpur, Shivpuri, Chanderi and Panna Districts of Bundelkhand Region
during 2007-2011. Sample preparation and analyses of metals were performed in the Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar, Bareilly. Metal level in the samples was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS 4141,
ECIL, Hyderabad, India) wavelength of 229.5 nm (detection limit 0.005 μg/mL) and 217 nm (detection limit 0.025
μg/mL), respectively with 6mA current. The concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe determined in all the feathers
collected from five sites was within the range of 0.1μg/g-0.4 μg/g, 0.47μg/g-6.4 μg/g, 2.9μg/g- 8.11μg/g, 9 μg/g- 21.4
μg/g and 18.3μg/g- 194.9μg/g respectively According to ANOVA test, significant differences (0.05) were found for metals
(Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe) in all feathers from Tikamgarh, Lalitpur, Shivpuri, Chanderi and Panna. When the metal toxicity
results in feathers were seen district wise (Tikamgarh, Lalitpur, Shivpuri, Chanderi and Panna) no significant variance
were reported in the occurrence of metals. No significant relationships were found between the metals in feather sample
concentrations and their death. It can therefore be concluded that the metal concentrations are much below the lethal toxic
levels and had no affect on the health of the dead vultures. The results of this study allowed concluding that the
Long-billed vultures in the study area were not exposed to metal poisoning. The absence of linkage between the metal
toxicity and vulture mortalities is not unexpected when consulted with other previous studies. Key-words- Long-billed vultures, Feathers, Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Iron
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Green nanotechnology & its application in biomedical researchRunjhunDutta
This presentation gives detailed description of Green Nanotechnology including its principles & significance. Illustrated with examples for its application in various biomedical research fields.
Isolation and Characterization of Nickel Tolerant Bacterial Strains from Elec...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize nickel tolerant bacterial strains from the electroplating effluent contaminated soil. The effluent sample was collected at the direct outlet of electroplating industry and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics such as pH (6.5), temperature (33), electrical conductivity (15.1 ms/cm), total solids (2309mg/l), total dissolved solids (5573 mg/l), chloride (0.20mg/l), sodium (0.13ppm), calcium (2.23ppm), potassium (0.20ppm), Biological Oxygen Demand (4200mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (5243 mg/l) and nickel (4.063ppm). Enumeration of total bacterial population from the electroplating effluent contaminated soil sample was made in nutrient agar medium. Sixteen bacterial colonies were selected based on their abundance growth all of them were identified through morphological and biochemical characteristics. All the sixteen bacterial isolates were screened for its metal tolerance using nutrient agar medium incorporated with nickel metal. Based on the better growth performance, six bacterial strains were selected as potential metal tolerant organism. The selected metal tolerant bacterial strains were further characterized in the various environmental conditions such as pH (5, 7 & 9) temperature (5°C, 28°C, 37°C & 45°C) and concentration of metal ions (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm & 400ppm) for 5 days. The result reveals that one bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp 1 was showed better growth in nickel metal based medium with pH 7 at 37°C temperature.
Heavy Metals Contamination Levels In Suya Meat Marketed In Selected Towns In ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Nanoparticles Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis Overviewijtsrd
Nanoparticles exist in several different morphologies such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, tubes etc. The word nanoparticles are used to describe a particle with size in the range of 1nm to 100nm, at least in one of the three possible dimensions. In this size range, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the nanoparticles changes in fundamental ways from the properties of both individual atoms molecules and of the corresponding bulk materials. The enormous diversity of the nanoparticles arising from their wide chemical nature, shape and morphologies, the medium in which the particles are present, the state of dispersion of the particles and most importantly, the numerous possible surface modifications the nanoparticles can be subjected to make this an important active field of science now a days. Dr. Ilamathi Jayaraman | Dr. Vijayakumari. S "Nanoparticles: Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis: Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46478.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/46478/nanoparticles-methods-for-nanoparticles-synthesis-overview/dr-ilamathi-jayaraman
Heavy Metal Analysis from Traditionally used Herb Ceropegia juncea (Roxb.)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
Heavy Metals Level Evaluation in Lycopersicon Esculentum Tomato and Daucus Ca...ijtsrd
The exposure to heavy metals such as Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, As, Hg, Zn, Fe and Cu, has been reported as a risk to human health through the consumption of vegetable when exposed to air pollution and other environmental and agricultural pesticides. This paper is aimed to evaluate the level of heavy metal in carrot and tomatoes cultivated in two farming communities in Kazaure Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The result showed that the mean levels concentration of heavy metals from carrot and tomatoes fruit cultivated from the two farming communities in Kazaure namely Gada and Firji farming areas. The heavy Ni, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cr concentration for carrots cultivated at Gada farming area were ranged from 0.06 0.09 mg kg, 0.08 0.09 mg kg, 8.24 8.91 mg kg,0.13 0.23 mg kg,1.23 ,1.56 1.67 mg kg and 0.02 0.04 mg kg respectively. The heavy metals As Cu and Co were not detected in the fruits of carrot for cultivated in both two farming areas. While the mean concentration obtained from tomatoes fruits from the Gada and Firji farming areas ranged from 0.14 0.16 mg kg, 0.06 0.07 mg kg, 6.11 6.12 mg kg, 0.97 0,99 mg kg, 1.11 1.23 mg kg, 0.35 0.39 mg kg for Ni, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr respectively. While As, Cu, Pb and Co were not found in tomatoes harvested from the two farming communities. The study concludes that the level of some heavy metals analysed in carrot and tomatoes fruits were found within the permissible level except lead and cadmium. Ibrahim M. D | Abdulmumin Y | Abdulmumin T. M | Adamu A. U "Heavy Metals Level Evaluation in Lycopersicon Esculentum (Tomato) and Daucus Carota (Carrot) Cultivated In Two Farming Communities in Kazaure Local Government Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30269.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/30269/heavy-metals-level-evaluation-in-lycopersicon-esculentum-tomato-and-daucus-carota-carrot-cultivated-in-two-farming-communities-in-kazaure-local-government-area/ibrahim-m-d
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.9
and so pollutant burdens recorded in soft body tissue, bones, feathers and eggs are likely to reflect chemical contamination
within their extended home ranges. These local, upper trophic level species are believed to be especially vulnerable to
metals and play a very important role as environmental contamination indicators. The concentration of Lead (Pb),
Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in feather samples of Long-billed vultures (Gyps
indicus) (n = 100) collected from Tikamgarh, Lalitpur, Shivpuri, Chanderi and Panna Districts of Bundelkhand Region
during 2007-2011. Sample preparation and analyses of metals were performed in the Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar, Bareilly. Metal level in the samples was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS 4141,
ECIL, Hyderabad, India) wavelength of 229.5 nm (detection limit 0.005 μg/mL) and 217 nm (detection limit 0.025
μg/mL), respectively with 6mA current. The concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe determined in all the feathers
collected from five sites was within the range of 0.1μg/g-0.4 μg/g, 0.47μg/g-6.4 μg/g, 2.9μg/g- 8.11μg/g, 9 μg/g- 21.4
μg/g and 18.3μg/g- 194.9μg/g respectively According to ANOVA test, significant differences (0.05) were found for metals
(Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe) in all feathers from Tikamgarh, Lalitpur, Shivpuri, Chanderi and Panna. When the metal toxicity
results in feathers were seen district wise (Tikamgarh, Lalitpur, Shivpuri, Chanderi and Panna) no significant variance
were reported in the occurrence of metals. No significant relationships were found between the metals in feather sample
concentrations and their death. It can therefore be concluded that the metal concentrations are much below the lethal toxic
levels and had no affect on the health of the dead vultures. The results of this study allowed concluding that the
Long-billed vultures in the study area were not exposed to metal poisoning. The absence of linkage between the metal
toxicity and vulture mortalities is not unexpected when consulted with other previous studies. Key-words- Long-billed vultures, Feathers, Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Iron
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Green nanotechnology & its application in biomedical researchRunjhunDutta
This presentation gives detailed description of Green Nanotechnology including its principles & significance. Illustrated with examples for its application in various biomedical research fields.
A Novel Interface to a Web Crawler using VB.NET TechnologyIOSR Journals
Abstract : The number of web pages is increasing into millions and trillions around the world. To make
searching much easier for users, web search engines came into existence. Web Search engines are used to find
specific information on the World Wide Web. Without search engines, it would be almost impossible to locate
anything on the Web unless or until a specific URL address is known. This information is provided to search by
a web crawler which is a computer program or software. Web crawler is an essential component of search
engines, data mining and other Internet applications. Scheduling Web pages to be downloaded is an important
aspect of crawling. Previous research on Web crawl focused on optimizing either crawl speed or quality of the
Web pages downloaded. While both metrics are important, scheduling using one of them alone is insufficient
and can bias or hurt overall crawl process. This paper is all about design a new Web Crawler using VB.NET
Technology.
Keywords: Web Crawler, Visual Basic Technology, Crawler Interface, Uniform Resource Locator.
Profile of Trace Elements in Selected Medicinal Plants of North East IndiaIOSR Journals
Trace elements like Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and major elements K and Ca were quantified in ten selected medicinal plants of North East India by using Proton Induced X- ray Emission (PIXE) technique. No toxic heavy metals such as As, Hg, Pb and Cd were detected. The concentration (ppm) of the elements in the studied plants was found to be as follows: manganese(10 to1800 ), iron(27 to 836), copper(6 to140), zinc(10 to 160), potassium(14120 to 76950) and calcium(1660 to 32030). The levels of trace metals present in the plants was found to be beyond the safety standards of WHO in edible plants but around the permissible range for consumed medicinal herbs as defined for different countries.
Comparative analysis of mineral constituents of ethanol leaf and seed extract...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Medicinal plants contain numerous biologically active compounds such as minerals which have physiological actions on the human body. This work was designed to analyse the mineral composition of Datura stramonium (D. stramonium) leaf and seed extracts. Dry leaves and seeds of D. stramonium were pulverized. The powdered sample was used for the extraction using 98% ethanol. Standard methods were used in the determination of the mineral contents. The study result showed the order of trace minerals composition of D. stramonium leaves and seed were as follows: Fe>Cu>Mn>Zn>Ni>Co and Cu>Fe>Zn>Mn>Ni>Co, respectively. The result showed higher value of trace minerals in D. stramonium leaves than the seed. There were significant difference (p<0.05) in the trace elements levels of the leaves and seeds with the leaves having higher mineral levels than the seed. The result also showed that macro minerals of D. stramonium leaves and seed were in this order: Mg>Ca>K>P. D. stramonium leaves had higher quantities of macro mineral than the seeds. D. stramonium leaves and seed used for this study have proved to be very important in drug research and development, because of the mineral composition that are present in appreciable amount. These minerals could contribute to the various pharmacological attributes of this plant. However, further research is necessary to determine other bioactive constituents present in this plant and their mechanism of action.
Keywords: Minerals, Datura stramonium, trace elements, macro mineral, medicinal plants, active compounds
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Phytochemical and Heavy Metal Analysis of Gongronema Latifolium, Talinum Tri...Scientific Review SR
Heavy metals contamination of soil has continued to increase globally as a result of increase in anthropogenic
actions. The phytochemical and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Hg) content of three edible plant species grown in
southern Nigeria and the health implications were evaluated. The heavy metal concentrations of Gongronema
latifolium, Talinum triangulare and Amaranthus hybridus as well as the top soil were determined using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer. The consumption of vegetables is a very vital path to food chain by which toxic
metals are transferred from the soil to human as well as other animals. Geo-accumulation index and Transfer factor
were the parameters used to evaluate the extent of contamination of top soil and exposure by human via the food
chain respectively. The results of phytochemical analysis of plants revealed the existence of some bioactive
constituents and their corresponding concentrations are presented in increasing order of magnitude: anthocyanin˂
carotenoid ˂ flavonoid ˂ tannin ˂ steroid ˂ alkaloid. The soil analysis for heavy metals were performed and results
demonstrated that zinc had the maximum concentration (103.1 – 174.0 mg kg-1) while mercury had the lowest levels
(0.01 – 0.20 mg kg-1). The heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples are in the order; Zn ˃ Pb ˃ Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Ni
˃ As ˃ Hg. Geo-accumulation index analysis revealed that Pb and Cd were implicated in overall contamination of
the soil samples but the control soil remained uncontaminated. The concentratio ns of heavy metal in the plant
samples varied greatly with Zn having the maximum values (10.80 – 21.10 mg kg -1) whereas arsenic had the
minimum concentration (0.01 – 0.03 mg kg -1). The heavy metal concentration in the plant samples are in the order;
Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Pb ˃ Cd ˃ Ni ˃ Hg ˃ As. The concentrations of heavy metals in the selected plant samples evaluated were
within the recommended standard limits apart for lead which was higher than the recommended value. Results
revealed moderately high transfer factors and capacity of the vegetables investigated to accumulate copper, mercury
and arsenic.
Physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal constituents of five dumpsite...Premier Publishers
The levels of heavy metals in soils of five dumpsites located in Aba and Umuahia metropolis, Abia State Nigeria, were analysed. Also these heavy metals were analysed in Solanum hycopersicum, Talissium triangulae, Amaranthus spinosus, Solanum macrocarpon and ad Curcurbita pepo grown on these dumpsites. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) obtained from the soils of the studied dumpsites were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of control soil samples. The ranges obtained for these dumpsite soils heavy metals were copper 0.59±0.04 – 4.19±0.02, zinc 3.81±0.07 – 6.68±0.01, manganese 1.36±0.03-2.91±0.02, cadmium 0.52±0.04 – 3.27±0.05, lead 1.05±0.04 – 3.57±0.02, iron 4.78±0.09 – 17.22±0.08, chromium 1.25±0.02 – 3.23±0.05, cobalt 0.52±0.04 – 1.36±0.03, mickel 0.78±0.03 – 2.09±0.07; and mercury 2.04±0.02 – 4.30±0.07. Although all the analysed heavy metals were present in sampled vegetables, only cadmium (1.42±0.08mg/kg) and lead (2.11±0.15mg/kg) in Amaranthus spinosus from Osisioma dumpsite, Aba were above FAO/WHO guidelines for metals in foods and vegetables grown on these dumpsites may pose a health hazard to consumers.
Phytochemical, Proximate and Nutrient Analysis of Cassia Tora Seedsinventionjournals
Recently Proximate analysis and phytochemical analysis and nutrient analysis of seeds of Cassia tora L. from the campus of Government Vidharbha Institute of Science and Humanity, Amravati had been investigated. The seeds sample contained tannin, saponin, protein, steriods, terpenoids, carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. Proximate analysis of moisture, ash, fat amd mineral analysis of calcium, magnesium, iron, nitrogen and solubility were check. The values of it is moisture (56%), cold water (52%), hot water (54%), 1%NaOH (43%), 1%HCl (61%), benzene +alcohol (35%), ash content (17%). These results indicate that the seeds of these Cassia tora L. contains mineral and nutrients elements that will be useful in nutrition. Also the existence of some phytochemicals like tannin, saponin and steroids illustrated medicinal action of the plant in its therapeutic uses. The result of their phytochemcial screening could justify the observed activities and validate their use in herbal medicine.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are involved in deleterious/beneficial biological processes.
The present study sought to investigate the capacity of single and combinatorial herbal formulations of
Acanthus montanus, Emilia coccinea, Hibiscus rosasinensis, and Asystasia gangetica to act as superoxide
radicals (SOR), hydrogen peroxide (HP), nitric oxide radical (NOR), hydroxyl radical (HR), and 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical antagonists using in vitro models. The herbal extracts were
single herbal formulations (SHfs), double herbal formulations (DHfs), triple herbal formulations (THfs),
and a quadruple herbal formulation (QHf). The phytochemical composition and radical scavenging capacity
index (SCI) of the herbal formulations were measured using standard methods. The flavonoids
were the most abundant phytochemicals present in the herbal extracts. The SCI50 defined the concentration
(mg/mL) of herbal formulation required to scavenge 50% of the investigated radicals. The SHfs,
DHfs, THfs, and QHf SCI50 against the radicals followed the order HR > SOR > DPPH radical > HP > NOR.
Although the various herbal formulations exhibited ambivalent antioxidant activities in terms of their
radical scavenging capabilities, a broad survey of the results of the present study showed that combinatorial
herbal formulations (DHfs, THfs, and QHf) appeared to exhibit lower radical scavenging capacities
than those of the SHfs in vitro.
Introduction:
Mercury is the most hazardous metal for human health and environment.
It has high toxicity, volatility.
It has the tendency to bio-accumulate in human body.
Mercury is on the priority list of 129 chemical substances that harms the living organisms.
Copper, iron, zinc and magnesium status of physically active young Indian malesiosrjce
Many of the nutritionally important elements present in traces (copper, iron and zinc) or in large
quantities (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium) participate in a plethora of biological
processes in human body. Copper, iron, zinc and magnesium act as cofactors for several enzymes in energy
metabolism therefore it is important to study the interactions between exercise and nutritionally important
minerals [1]. Copper, iron, zinc and magnesium play important roles in facilitating the conversion of chemical
energy of food into potential energy for work and thereby integrate physiological functions to enhance physical
performance.
Health risk assessment of consuming heavy metal contaminated benthic seafood,...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated health risks associated with the consumption of a seafood (bivalve - Anadara (Senilia) senilis) contaminated with some heavy metals in southern Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for metal analysis. Mean metal concentrations (µgg-1) was in the order of Zn(12.96±1.0)> Pb(4.69±0.6)> Cr(2.91±0.7)> Ni(2.47±0.2)> Cu(2.03±0.3)> Cd(1.68±0.2). Mean concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn were below their respective FAO/WHO recommended limits while those of Ni, Cd and Pb exceeded. The Estimated daily intake-EDI values of all metals were less than their respective reference oral doses-RFD implying minimal health risk. The target hazard quotient (non-carcinogenic) and hazard index-HI had values <1suggesting minimal health risk of non-carcinogenic origin but HI value showed potency of increase. The value of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk-ILCR ranged from 10-5-10-2 with Ni and Cd within the acceptable range of 10-4-10-6 while Cr and Pb exceeded the limit. The target cancer risk-TR had values of 10-3 indicating moderate to high risk according to the New York State Department of Health classification. The study concluded the presence of moderate to high carcinogenic risk due to Cr and Pb for consumers of heavy metal contaminated seafood (bivalves) in southern Nigeria. Minimal consumption and further action are advised with regular monitoring to detect changes.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.19
ABSTRACT- Halophiles, the most predominant organisms found in the mangrove forest, include halophilic bacteria in different environment such as salt lakes, saline soils and salted food. The majo rviatyri eodf hgaelnoeprhai loicf pmriocproerotrigesa nwishmicsh s tfuadciielidta steo iftasr upsreo dwuicteh ccoommpmoeurncdias l waiitmh sg. rIena tt hpiost esntutidayl ionf inSduunsdterirabla pnr osoceils,s faoncdu st hheays hbaeveen pmhaydsieo loong itchael iasnodla wtieorne oufs ehda lfooprh pilhiyc soiorgcahnemismicsa la anndd t mheiicrr ochbaioralocgteicriasla atinoanl.y sSiosi. lQs uwaelritea tciovlel escctreede nfirnogms foofu trh ed iifsfoelraetnets pwlaecree sd oofn eS uanndd etrhbraene aCmhaornagc tethriesmat iowna so f stehlee citseodl ahteasv iwnegr em doodneer aatneldy bgaoseodd ognr o1w6Sth rRwNhiAch g ewnaes sefuqrutehnecr inogp tpimhyisloegde nine tidci ftfreeree nwt egrer ocwotnhs trmucetdeida.. aTsh we eisllo laast evsa rsihoouws eedx tmrauceltlilpullea rh eenazvyym mee ptarol dtoulcetriaonncse t haenrde bayn teixbpiolotirci nrge stihsetairn cues.a gTeh efo or rvgaarnioisums sb iwoeterceh fnuortlohgeric taels pteudr pfoosr eEs.P S Key-words- Sundarban, Halophiles, EPS, NaCl
1. 141http://ijcns.aizeonpublishers.net/content/2014/5/ijcns141-144.pdf
IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall JJoouurrnnaall ooff CChheemmiiccaall aanndd
NNaattuurraall SScciieenncceess
Vol. 2, No. 5 (2014): 141-144
Research Article
Open Access ISSN: 2347-6672
Spectroscopic Determination of Trace Metals (Mn, Cu and
Ni) Content in Moringa Oleifera
Kassa Belay* and Hailay Kiros
Adigrat University, Department of Chemistry College of Natural and computational sciences, Adigrat, P.O. Box 50, Ethiopia.
* Corresponding author: Kassa Belay; email: kassa.belay1@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The levels of trace metals were determined in Moringa oleifera. The leave sample of Moringa Oleifera was analyzed
for trace metals using atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing the sample at 350oC in furnace for 1hr.
Generally, the plant accumulate metals in order Ni >Cu>Mn. The result revealed the accumulated amount of trace
metals in leave sample Cu, Mn and Ni 2.8660±0.0436, 1.1050±0.0019 and 3.2002±0.0241 mg/kg respectively.
Keywords: Flame Atomic Absorption spectrometry, Moringa Oleifera, Trace Metals
INTRODUCTION
Minerals are necessary for health and as such are part
of all aspect of cellular function [1].They are involved in
structural components. Example calcium and
Phosphorous are structural components in bone and
acts as cofactors for enzyme activities. Minerals also
form an integral part of enzyme or protein structure.
Minerals are essential for growth, development and
maintenance of tissues and are also linked to the
expression of genetic information, the effectiveness of
immune system, the prevention of cell damage. In
general, minerals increase resistance to many chronic
and some infectious diseases. Minerals are nutritionally
important components in food. They could be classified
as essential or non essential elements. Essential
elements are not synthesized internally and must be
consumed from its environment. These include the
major elements and minor elements. [2]
Major elements are those elements that are required in
large quantities. The body requires more than hundred
(100mg/day) of each major elements. The major
elements are components of cells and body fluids and
are structural components of cells [2]. Examples of
major elements include calcium, chloride, magnesium,
phosphorous (present as phosphates), potassium,
sodium.
Trace elements essential for life generally occur in the
body in micrograms per gram of tissue and are usually
required by humans in milligrams per day. Thus the
body requires less than twenty (20mg/day) of each
trace elements [2]. These trace elements include
copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine.
The newer trace elements are ones that are possibly
essential. Chromium, manganese nickel, tin, vanadium,
arsenic, lithium, strontium, cesium, and silicon are
regarded as new trace elements in the sense that they
have only recently been considered essentialin human
diets. Non-essential components of foods can still have
significant impact on health and can either be beneficial
or toxic. These non essential elements are however
frequently consumed and accumulated in living
organisms, though are not required.
Among the roles played by essential elements are
growth and production of bones, teeth, hair, blood,
nerves, skin, vitamins, enzymes and hormones.
Essential elements also play a major role in nerve
transmission, blood circulation, cellular integrity,
energy production and muscle contraction. It is now
well recognized that several trace elements are
essential constituents of enzymes and play vital role in
human metabolism. All the nutrient elements are
primarily supplied throughdiet. The amount needed
depends on age, sex, and health status, geographical
and climatic conditions [3].
Received: 18 August 2014 Accepted: 31 August 2014 Online: 03 September 2014
2. 142http://ijcns.aizeonpublishers.net/content/2014/5/ijcns141-144.pdf
There exists a range of intake over which the supply of
essential elements adequate for the body. However,
above and below this range, toxic and deficiency effects
are observed respectively [4]. As a result of this, it is
essential to determine elemental contents of food items
and to estimate their daily dietary intake. Essential
elements can be systemic toxins with specific
neurotoxin, nephrotoxic, fetotoxic, and tetratogenic
effects. Essential elements can influence behavior by
impairing immune, mental and neurological function,
influencing neurotransmitter production and
utilization and altering other metabolic process singin
the body [5]. Uptake of elements from both the
atmosphere, leaf surfaces and from soil through roots
may account for the elevated levels of elements in
plants.
A major source of human exposure to trace elements
(as well as heavy metals) from environment is from
blood [6]. Elements can also find their way into humans
by direct absorption via air or drinking water. Other
elements find their way into food either naturally or
through anthropogenic activities such as agricultural
practices, industrial emission and exhaust fumes.
Moringa like most plants is a cheap source of essential
trace metals. However, little attention has been given
to their exact concentrations presentin different
preparations of the plants. Studies have shown that
high intake of elements can lead to metal poisoning
whereas low intake levels can lead to deficiency effects.
This study was therefore conducted to investigate the
essential metals in leaf powder of Moringa oleifera.
This study was designed with the general objective of
comparing determine the extent of accumulation of
essential metals in Moringa oleiferal production in
Wukro. With this general objective, the specific
objectives of this study were:
To determine selected nutrient composition
both essential (Mn) and non essential (Ni, Cu)
by using AAS
To comparethe level of metals in Ethiopia
Moringa oleifera with WHO Guide lines
Trace Metals
Trace metals are metals in extremely small quantities
that are presented in animal, plant cells and tissue [3].
Trace metals include iron, magnesium, lithium, zinc,
copper, chromium and nickel, cobalt, vanadium,
arsenic, molybdenum, manganese, selenium and other
level of metals of in the Moringa oleifera. Sample is
generally bellowing the WHO and FAO Maximum
permissive limits [6].
The environmental metal contains a wide range of
heavy metals with varying concentration depending on
the surrounding geological environmental and natural
activities occurring or that has once occurred. These
have Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn, Hg, etc. However heavy metals like
Pd, Zn, Cd, Hg, and there are great concern because of
their potential effects on human health, agricultural
and environmental.
Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera, family moringaceae is a native tree in
arid and semi-arid regions in the southern Rift valley of
ETHIOPIA. The local farmers use the species as one of
the major arable tree inter-crop in multi-storey system
especially by the konso people in gamogofa. Moringa
oleifera has a wide range of adaptation from arid to
humid climates with a prospect of to be grown in a
wide range of land use classes. The potential growth
area fall in a rainfall range from 300-1400mm per year
with soil reaction of 6-7 Mayer [11]. It does not
require fertile soils in Sudan as reported by Mayer [7].
Moringa oleifera, a smooth barked deciduous tropical
plant, is a traditional medicinal and nutritional pilot in
Ethiopia [11].It is widely distributed in south western
part of Ethiopia at an altitude range of about 1100 to
1600 Meters. The major growing areas are Arbamich,
Negelle and Wellayta sodo. Moringa oleifera is
commonly called shiferaw in Amharic [8]. Moringa
oleifera commenly used in folk medicines as anti
malarial, anti hypertensive, against stomach pain, anti
diabetic, anti cholesterol, anti spasmodic and to expel
retained placecentae during birth [9].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This chapter starts by presenting and discussing about
the study area, experimental site and sampling
procedure. It also goes through the detailed
methodology followed in the experiment such as
experimental procedure, materials and reagents used
and method of data analysis. Finally, it winds up by
specifying the analytical method, and software used.
Experimental Site
Sample Moringa oleifera Leaves were collected from
Wukro Agricultural College which is located in
northern part of Ethiopia in Tigray National Regional
state, Eastern Tigray Zone, wukro wereda at a distance
826 km from Addis Ababa, 46 km from Mekelle. Its
astronomical location is 390 37’ Northern latitude and
39o 29’ EastLongitude. The sample Moringa Oleifera
leaves was randomly collected. The leaves Moringa
were set in white plastic. The representative sample
was air dried in the laboratory, and then place in an
oven to complete the drying at a temperature of about
105oc.The dried sample were crushed in to powdered
form and sieved to obtain finest powder.
Preparation of Standard solutions
Determination the metal concentration in the
experimental solution was based on calibration curve.
In plotting the calibration curves Nickel, Manganese,
copper stock solutions of 1000 ppm were prepared by
dissolving 1.6g Ni (NO3)2.6H2O, 2.74g MnCl2.4H20 and
2.83g CuSO4.5H2O in de-ionized water respectively.
Blank solution were prepared for the methods and for
the standard working solution, to prepare 100 ppm, 10
ml of the standard Ni (NO3)2.6H2o, MnCl2.4H2O and
Cuso4.5H2O stock solution were pitted and added in to
100 ml calibrated flasks finally diluted with de-ionized
water and the solution was mixed thoroughly. Net
toprepare50ppm standard solution of each metal, 50
Kassa Belay and Hailay Kiros / Int J Chem Natur Sci. 2014, 2(5): 141-144
3. 143http://ijcns.aizeonpublishers.net/content/2014/5/ijcns141-144.pdf
ml each of 100 ppm stock solution was pipette in to
100 ml volumetric flasks and diluted with de-ionized
water. Finally to prepare 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, ppm
aliquot ion of this standard working solution 2.5, 5, 10,
20, 30 ml was pipette flasks from 50 ppm standard
solution in to 50 ml calibrated flasks and made up to
volume with De-ionized water (AOAC, 1995).
Sample Preparation
Moringa oleifera leaves sample were washed
thoroughly with tap water followed by de-ionized
water and dried in the oven at a temperature of 105oC
for 24 hr was dried in oven and dried samples were
ground using mortal and pestle to obtain fine particles
that pass through a 0.5 mm mesh and kept dry in a
polyethylene bag in desiccators until analysis.
Digestion Methods
Dry Ash
One gram of each spice sample was placed into
porcelain crucible. The furnace temperature was slowly
increased from room temperature to 350˚C. The sample
was ashed for about 3 hr until a white or grey ash
residue was obtained. The residue was dissolved in 5
ml of HNO3 (25%, v/v). The solution was transferred to
a 10 mL volumetric flask and made up to volume [17].
Determination of Detection Limits
Detection limit is the lowest concentration level that
can be determined at 95% confidence level or the
minimum concentration that can be detected by the
analytical method with a given certainty. For a
measurement, detection limit can be properly
estimated from the standard deviation of several blank
determinations [18]. There are numerous ways of
determining detection limits of a given measurement. A
general accepted definition of detection limit is the
concentration that gives a signal three times the
standard deviation of the blank or background signal.
In this study the detection limit of each element was
calculated as three times the standard deviation of the
blank (3δ blank, n = 5), as summarized in Table 2.
Table 1. Working Conditions of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Element Wavelength nm Slit Width nm Lamp Current mA IDL mg/L MDL mg/L Flame type
Cu 324.8 1 .0 4-10 0.008 0.003 Rich/yellow
Ni 235 1.0 4-10 0.04 0.003 Lean/blue
Mn 279.5 1.0 4-10 0.01 0.003 Lean/blue
IDL =instrument detection limit MDL =method detection limit
Table 2. Mean concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in the various parts of Moringa oleifera
Heavy metal (mg/kg)
Moring oleifera Cu Ni Mn
Current result 2.8660±0.0436 3.2002±0.0241 1.1050±0.0019
Previous results 2.906 ± 0.025 2.9802±0.012 2.2043±0.003
Permissible levels in
food as per WHO & FAO
4.0 3.5 2.5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Total Metal Concentrations in the sample
Moringa sample were analysed for three heavy metals.
Three of the metals namely manganese (Mn), copper
(Cu) and Nickel (Ni) are essential micronutrients.
The calibration curve were plots as a function of
Absorbance Vs concentration of the standardsolutions
in this study three calibration curves were plotted for
the metals. Table 2 shows the mean concentrations of
trace metals in mg/kg in the leave sample was Ni
>Cu>Mn. And all the metal concentrations are below
the WHO guidelines.
CONCLUSION
In this study the metal content of some freshly
prepared and commercially available Ethiopian
Moringa oleifera were investigated. The level of metals
obtained showed a comparable result with other
reported values in some cases. The concentration of Ni
investigated in this study was higher than the values
reported by different authors cited in this paper. The
concentration of the metals Cu, Ni and Mn is 2.8660±
0.0436 , 3.2002±0.0241, and 1.1050±0.0019 μg/kg
respectively. This concentration is below the WHO
acceptable level (maximum 4.0 mg/kg).
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3. O.Delandsunde R.A (1997), Hand book of Nutritionally
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4. Merian, E (1991), Metals And Their compounds in the
environment (VCH, NEWyork).
5. Allesio, L (1992), Reference values for study of low does,
sciences of the total Environ.
6. Goyer, R.A. (1991), ‘toxic effects of heavy metals’ casarett and
Doulls Toxicology 4thed .Pergamom press, New York. pp 623-
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7. Mekonnen Y. Gessesse A. Documentation of the uses of
moringaoleifera and its possible anti leishmalial, Ethiopia
journal of science 1998:21-287-293.
8. Mekonnen Y. , effect of ethanol extract of mringaoleifera
leaves on guinea, pigs and mouse smooth muscle,
phytothrapy Research 1999:13:442-444
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olefera.2001;Department of Biology; Addis Ababa University,
Ethiopia.
Kassa Belay and Hailay Kiros / Int J Chem Natur Sci. 2014, 2(5): 141-144