This short slide presentation was prepared for a short "lightning talk" at the Rails Girls Galway workshop, 21st June 2014. The presentation explores the reasons for the under-representation of women in STEM and some of the initiatives which have been tried to redress this gender imbalance. The presentation concludes by advocating a holistic approach including not just initiatives to support and advocate for girls and women, but initiatives to change IT and STEM culture -- in schools, universities, labs, community & maker spaces, and workplaces.