Three astronauts - Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin - launched aboard the Apollo 11 spacecraft on a mission to land on the Moon in July 1969. The 8-day mission was successful, with Armstrong and Aldrin becoming the first humans to walk on the lunar surface. However, some conspiracy theorists argue that the Moon landings were faked and did not actually occur. The document then presents several of the most common arguments made by conspiracy theorists claiming to prove the landings were hoaxed, such as the lack of stars or impact craters in photos, unusual shadows, and mysterious reflections. NASA has provided counterarguments for each of these claims based on scientific explanations.

1. Moon Landing
Conspiracy Theory
Praveen Lawrance

2. Apollo 11 Space Mission
• Mission Type : Manned Lunar Landing
• Operator : NASA
• Mission Duration : 8 Days 3 Hours 18 Minutes 35 Seconds
• Space Craft : Apollo CSM-107 Apollo LM-5
• Launch Mass : 100,756 pounds (45,702 kg)
• Landing Mass : 10,873 pounds (4,932 kg)
• Crew : Neil A Armstrong , Michael Collins , Edwin E “Buzz” Aldrin_Jr.
• Launch Date : July 16 1969, 13:32:00 UTC
• Rocket : Saturn V SA-506
• Launch Site : Kennedy LC-39A
• Sample Mass : 21.55 kg (47.51 lb)

3. Moon Landing Hoax

4. How?

5. 1. Van Allen Radiation Belt

6. In order to reach the moon, astronauts had to
pass through what is known as the Van Allen
radiation belt.
The belt is held in place by Earth’s magnetic field
and stays perpetually in the same place.
The Apollo missions to the moon marked the first
ever attempts to transport living humans through
the belt.
Conspiracy theorists contend that the sheer
levels of radiation would have cooked the
astronauts en route to the moon, despite the
layers of aluminum coating the interior and
exterior of the spaceship.
NASA have countered this argument by
emphasizing the short amount of time it took the
astronauts to traverse the belt – meaning they
received only very small doses of radiation.

7. 2. Lack of Impact Crater

8. • Had NASA really landed us on the moon, there would be a blast crater underneath the lunar module to
mark its landing.
• On any footage of the landings, no crater is visible, almost as though the module was simply placed there.
• The surface of the moon is covered in fine lunar dust, and even this doesn’t seem to have been displaced in
photographic evidence.
• However, the lack of an impact crater has a slew of potential explanations.
• NASA maintains that the module required significantly less thrust in the low-gravity conditions than it
would have done on Earth.
• The surface of the moon itself is solid rock, so a blast crater probably wouldn’t be feasible anyway – in the
same way that an Aeroplane doesn’t leave a crater when it touches down on a concrete airstrip.

10. 3. Lack of Stars

11. • One compelling argument for the moon
landing hoax is the total lack of stars in
any of the photographic/video evidence.
• There are no clouds on the moon, so
stars are perpetually visible and
significantly brighter than what we see
through the filter of Earth’s atmosphere.
• The argument here is that NASA would
have found it impossible to map out the
exact locations of all stars for the hoax
without being rumbled, and therefore
left them out – intentionally falling back
on an excuse that the quality of the
photographs washes them out
• Some photographs are high-quality,
however, and yet still no stars are
shown.
• Certainly eerie, considering you can take
pictures of stars from Earth in much
lower quality and still see them.

13. 4. Shadows

14. • Many shadows look strange in Apollo pictures.
• Some shadows don't appear to be parallel with each other, and some objects in shadow appear
well lit, hinting that light was coming from multiple sources suspiciously like studio cameras.

16. How can an astronaut cast a shadow several feet taller than his colleague who is standing a few
feet away from him?

17. Not Parallel?

18. 5. The Cross Hairs

19. • The cameras used by astronauts during the moon landings had a multitude of cross-hairs to aid
with scaling and direction.
• These are imprinted over the top of all photographs. Some of the images, however, clearly show
the cross-hairs behind objects in the scene, implying that photographs may have been edited or
doctored after being taken.
• The photograph shown above is not an isolated occurrence.
• Many objects are shown to be in front of the cross-hairs, including the American flag in one
picture and the lunar rover in another.
• Conspiracy theorists have suggested NASA printed the man-made objects over a legitimate
photograph of the moon to hoax the landings – although if they really planned on doing this,
then why they used cross-hairs in the first place is a mystery.

21. 6. The Waving Flag

22. • When the first moon landing was shown on live television, viewers could clearly see the
American flag waving and fluttering as NeilArmstrong and Buzz Aldrin planted it.
• Photos of the landing also seem to show rippling in a breeze, such as the image above which
clearly shows a fold in the flag.
• The obvious problem here is that there’s no air in the moon’s atmosphere, and therefore no wind
to cause the flag to blow.
• Countless explanations have been put forward to disprove this phenomenon as anything
unusual: NASA claimed that the flag was stored in a thin tube and the rippled effect was caused
by it being unfurled before being planted.
• Other explanations involve the ripples caused by the reaction force of the astronauts touching
the aluminum pole.

24. 7. Mysterious Reflections

25. • Those mysterious reflections come from studio lights on a production set.
• It's highly unlikely NASA would make such an obvious blunder if they had spent millions of
dollars to fake the moon landing.
• The odd lights in the picture are simply lens flares, he said.There's a big fat pentagonal one right
in the middle that is from the aperture of the camera itself

26. 8. Who took the Picture??

27. • Only two astronauts walked on the moon at a time, yet in photographs such as this one where
both are visible, there is no sign of a camera. So who took the picture?
• The cameras were mounted to the astronauts' chests.
• In the picture, you can see [Neil's] arms are sort of at his chest.
• That's where the camera is. He wasn't holding it up to his visor.

28. 9. Boot Print

29. • The astronauts' prints are a bit too clear for being made on a bone-dry world.
• Prints that well defined could only have been made in wet sand.
• That's nonsense. Moon dust, is like a finely ground powder.When you look at it under a
microscope, it almost looks like volcanic ash.
• So when you step on it, it can compress very easily into the shape of a boot. And those shapes
could stay pristine for a long while thanks to the airless vacuum on the moon.

30. 10. Where is it?

31. • With instruments such as the Hubble SpaceTelescope capable of peering into the distant
recesses of the universe, surely scientists should be able to see the various objects still on the
moon. But no such pictures of these objects exist.
• No telescope on Earth or in space has that kind of resolving power.
• Even with the biggest telescope on Earth, the smallest thing you can see on the surface of moon
is something bigger than a house.

32. 11. The C Rock!

33. One of the most famous photos from the moon landings shows a rock in the foreground, with what appears
to be the letter “C” engraved into it.
The letter appears to be almost perfectly symmetrical, meaning it is unlikely to be a natural occurrence.
It has been suggested that the rock is simply a prop, with the “C” used as a marker by an alleged film crew.
A set designer could have turned the rock the wrong way, accidentally exposing the marking to the camera.
NASA has given conflicting excuses for the letter, on the one hand blaming a photographic developer for
adding the letter as a practical joke, while on the other hand saying that it may simply have been a stray hair
which got tangled up somewhere in the developing process.

34. 12. The Unexplained Object

35. • After photographs of the moon landings
were released, theorists were quick to
notice a mysterious object in the reflection
of an astronaut’s helmet from the Apollo
12 mission.
• The object appears to be hanging from a
rope or wire and has no reason to be there
at all, leading some to suggest it is an
overhead spotlight typically found in film
studios.
• The resemblance is questionable, given
the poor quality of the photograph, but
the mystery remains as to why something
is being suspended in mid-air (or rather
lack of air) on the moon.
• The lunar module in other photos appears
to have no extension from it that matches
the photo, so the object still remains
totally unexplained.

36. 13.The Duplicate Backdrop

37. • The two photos from the Apollo 15
mission shown above clearly have
identical backdrops, despite being
officially listed by NASA as having been
taken miles apart.
• One photo even shows the lunar
module.
• When all photographs were taken the
module had already landed, so how can
it possibly be there for one photo and
disappear in another? Well, if you’re a
hardcore conspiracy theorist, it may
seem viable that NASA simply used the
same backdrop when filming different
scenes of their moon landing videos.
• NASA has suggested that since the
moon is much smaller than Earth,
horizons can appear significantly closer
to the human eye.
• Despite this, to say that the two hills
visible in the photographs are miles
apart is incontrovertibly false.

38. Why did they do this?

39. To Win the Space Race
• Back in the late 60's early 70's, Russia and the US were in a heated battle to see,
well, pretty much who was better.
• Once the US realized that they couldn't send a man to the moon, they couldn't
just say, "OK Russia, we give MONEY.
• NASA gathered about 30 billion dollars pretending to go to the moon.
• That means that someone is getting a lot of money in their pockets.

40. Facts about the Moon
• An average days temperature on the moon ranges from 260° F to 280° F, for film to survive. At those
temperatures, film crinkles up into a ball.
• About 20 miles about the Earth, there is a radiation belt named theVanAllen belt. No human can get
through this belt, If you try than you get hit with 300+ rads of radiation. Unless they are surrounded on
each side by 4 feet on lead.
• There are millions of micro-meteors travelling at speeds up to 6000 MPH, which would tear the ship to
pieces.
• If you look at the pictures/video of people on the moon, you will never see more than 3 stars.
• When the LEM set down on the Lunar surface, it gave out 3000 lb. worth of thrust.This would have
created a massive hole underneath the Lunar Module, but in pictures of the Lunar Module, the ground
underneath is untouched.
Thank You