The Montreal Protocol defines measures to limit production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. Developed in 1987 under the UN Environment Programme, it came into force in 1989 as the first global agreement to protect the atmosphere. The protocol regulates substances like CFCs and halons that damage the ozone layer based on their ozone depletion potential. Developing countries faced special difficulties in phasing out substances and received financial and technical support, with a 10-year preparation period ending in 1999 before entering the compliance period.

1. MONTREAL
PROTOCOL

2.  The protocol defines measures that
Parties must introduce to limit production
and consumption of substances that
deplete the ozone layer.

3.  Developed under the management of the
United Nations Environment Programme in 1987
 Came into force on January 1989
 The Montreal Protocol and the Vienna
Convention- the framework agreement from
which the Protocol was born- were the first
global agreements to protect the Earth‟s
atmosphere.

4. How regulation works
 All Ozone-depleting substances also
known as ODS, do not inflict equal
amounts of damage on the ozone layer.
 Substances containing carbon, fluorine,
chlorine, and/or bromine have the
highest potential for damage of the
ozone layer.
 They include CFCs and halons.
 Each controlled chemical is assigned an
Ozone-depletion Potential (ODP).

5. How regulation works (cont’d)
These values are used to calculate an indicator
of the damage being inflicted on the ozone
layer by each country‟s production and
consumption of controlled substances.
Consumption is defined as total production plus
imports less exports, and therefore excludes
recycled substances.
 The relative ozone depleting effect of
production of a controlled ODS is calculated by
multiplying its annual production by its ODP.

6. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE MONTREAL
PROTOCOL
 Countries that were faced with special difficulties;
such as phase out, financial and technical support;
with the Protocol were known as “Article 5” countries.
 Article 5 countries are countries that consume less
than 0.3kg per capita year of controlled substances in
a certain base year.
 Article 5 countries were granted a 10 year period to
prepare for phase out which ended in 1999.

7.  These developing countries, since 1999, have entered
the „compliance‟ period in which they will have to
achieve specific targets.