Monoclonal antibodies are proteins produced by B-lymphocytes that react with a specific antigen. They are produced using hybridoma technology which involves fusing antibody-producing B-lymphocytes with myeloma cells in vitro to create a hybrid cell that can produce monoclonal antibodies directed against a single antigenic determinant. The principle involves using myeloma cells that cannot synthesize their own antibodies and have mutations in pathways involved in nucleotide synthesis, allowing the selection of only hybrid cells that can produce antibodies.

1. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

2. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
BY APARNA AND GOMATHI

3. Antibodies are protein produced from B-
lymphocytes
part of defense system against antigens
anitgens has specific antigen determinats -
epitopes
antibodies have complementary determining
regions
INTRODUCTION

4. B-lymphocytes produce many antibodies
which react with same antigens
called polygonal antibodies
their production is variable
depends on epitopes

5. monoclonal antibodies (MAB)
➔single type of antibody directed against
specific antigenic determinant
➔In early years, animals are immunized
against specific antigen
➔B-lymphocytes were isolated and cultured
In - vitro for MBAS
➔Immortal MBS producing cell do exist in
nature

6. MAB
●Found in cancer patients suffering from
disease called multiple myeloma
●George kohler and Cesar milstein-1975
●hybridize antibody producing B-lymphocytes
with myeloma cells Invitro , create
Hybridoma
●production of monoclonal antibodies by
hybrid cells - Hybridoma technology

7. PRINCIPLE
myeloma cells - Must not be capable of
synthesizing their own antibodies
selection is based on, inhibiting nucleotide
synthesis
nucleotide synthesis - de novo & salvage
pathway

8. DE-NOVO
DIHYDROFOLATE
AMINOPTERIN
TETRAHYDROFOLATE (Precursors)

9. SALVAGE
HYPOXANTHINE THYMIDINE
HGPRT TK (thymidine kinase)
NUCLEOTIDES

10. mutated cells in HGPRT
grown in HAT
cannot survive