The document describes a study that aims to monitor and retrieve historical daily surface temperature data of sub-alpine lakes from satellite imagery over the past two decades. The study will leverage daily thermal imagery from multiple satellite sensors to develop daily homogenized lake surface water temperature time series for each lake. Statistical methods will be used to reconstruct temperature time series with gaps filled in. The reconstructed time series will then be analyzed to study long term warming trends and their links to climatic factors. Preliminary results show good agreement between reconstructed lake surface temperatures and in situ measurements.
Editorial – October 2011 – Three of the MyOcean long time series reanalysis products
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to three of the MyOcean long me series Reanalysis products: the In Situ temperature and salinity CORA reanalysis
(1990 to 2010), the reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry (1998-2007) and the Arcc Ocean sea-ice dri/ reanalysis (1992-
2010).
The first product described here is the In Situ temperature and salinity CORA reanalysis (1990 to 2010). A new version of the comprehensive and
qualified ocean in-situ dataset (the Coriolis dataset for Re-Analysis - CORA) is released for the period 1990 to 2010. This in-situ dataset of temperature
and salinity profiles, from different data types (Argo, GTS data, VOS ships, NODC historical data...) on the global scale, is meant to be used for
general oceanographic research purposes, for ocean model validaon, and also for inializaon or assimilaon of ocean models. This product is
available from the MyOcean web portal (hp://www.myocean.eu/).
The second product is the reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry (1998-2007). A system assimilang Ocean Colour SeaWiFS data
during the period 1998-2007 has been designed to construct a reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry based on a coupled physicalbiogeochemical
model at eddy-admi:ng resoluon. The aim of this study is, on the one hand to develop the skeleton of a pre-operaonal coupled
physical-biogeochemical system with real-me assimilave/forecasng capability, and on the other hand to operate this prototype system for producing
a biogeochemical reanalysis covering the 1998-2007 period. This product is not available from the MyOcean web portal yet.
The third reanalysis product is the 1992-2010 winter Arcc Ocean sea ice dri/ me series made at Ifremer/CERSAT from satellite measurements
which consists of several products: the Level 3 products from single sensors and the L4 products from the combinaon of sensors. They are available
at 3, 6 and 30 day-lag with a 62.5 km-grid size during winter. This dataset is available for oceanic and climate modelling as well as various scienfic
studies in the Arcc. The me series is ongoing and will connue for Arcc long term monitoring using the next MetOp/ASCAT operaonal
scaerometers, planned to be operated for the next 10 years. This product is available from the MyOcean web portal (hp://www.myocean.eu/).
The next January 2012 issue will be dedicated to various applicaons using the Mercator Ocean products.
We wish you a pleasant reading!
Climate data can provide a great deal of information about the atmospheric environment that impacts almost all aspects of human endeavour. This module explains the importance of climate data, its storage, security, applications and other aspects, in a nutshell.
Editorial – October 2011 – Three of the MyOcean long time series reanalysis products
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to three of the MyOcean long me series Reanalysis products: the In Situ temperature and salinity CORA reanalysis
(1990 to 2010), the reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry (1998-2007) and the Arcc Ocean sea-ice dri/ reanalysis (1992-
2010).
The first product described here is the In Situ temperature and salinity CORA reanalysis (1990 to 2010). A new version of the comprehensive and
qualified ocean in-situ dataset (the Coriolis dataset for Re-Analysis - CORA) is released for the period 1990 to 2010. This in-situ dataset of temperature
and salinity profiles, from different data types (Argo, GTS data, VOS ships, NODC historical data...) on the global scale, is meant to be used for
general oceanographic research purposes, for ocean model validaon, and also for inializaon or assimilaon of ocean models. This product is
available from the MyOcean web portal (hp://www.myocean.eu/).
The second product is the reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry (1998-2007). A system assimilang Ocean Colour SeaWiFS data
during the period 1998-2007 has been designed to construct a reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry based on a coupled physicalbiogeochemical
model at eddy-admi:ng resoluon. The aim of this study is, on the one hand to develop the skeleton of a pre-operaonal coupled
physical-biogeochemical system with real-me assimilave/forecasng capability, and on the other hand to operate this prototype system for producing
a biogeochemical reanalysis covering the 1998-2007 period. This product is not available from the MyOcean web portal yet.
The third reanalysis product is the 1992-2010 winter Arcc Ocean sea ice dri/ me series made at Ifremer/CERSAT from satellite measurements
which consists of several products: the Level 3 products from single sensors and the L4 products from the combinaon of sensors. They are available
at 3, 6 and 30 day-lag with a 62.5 km-grid size during winter. This dataset is available for oceanic and climate modelling as well as various scienfic
studies in the Arcc. The me series is ongoing and will connue for Arcc long term monitoring using the next MetOp/ASCAT operaonal
scaerometers, planned to be operated for the next 10 years. This product is available from the MyOcean web portal (hp://www.myocean.eu/).
The next January 2012 issue will be dedicated to various applicaons using the Mercator Ocean products.
We wish you a pleasant reading!
Climate data can provide a great deal of information about the atmospheric environment that impacts almost all aspects of human endeavour. This module explains the importance of climate data, its storage, security, applications and other aspects, in a nutshell.
Greetings all,
By the end of April 2008, the final meeting of the MERSEA European Project set up in Paris, in the Institut Océanographique.
The aim of the project was to develop a European system for operational monitoring and forecasting on global and regional scales
of the ocean physics, biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
It was surely a challenge to get together many different partners to build the future European operational oceanography of
tomorrow. It was also a challenge for the MERSEA teams to demonstrate their capacity to collect, validate and assimilate remote
sensed and in situ data into ocean circulation models, to interpolate in time and space for uniform coverage, to run nowcasting
(i.e. data synthesis in real-time), forecasting, and hind-casting, and to deliver information products. The project also had to
develop marine applications addressing the needs of both intermediate and end-users, whether institutional or from the private
sector
This Newsletter collects some of the many results obtained during this project. Several aspects are tackled: global and regional
forecasting systems, observations, and applications.
The News is written by the Coordinator of the Project, Yves Desaubies. He draws MERSEA results up.
In a first article, Marie Drévillon et al. present the MERSEA/Mercator-Ocean V2 global ocean analysis and forecasting system. In a
second one, Hervé Roquet et al. describe L3 and L4 high resolution SST products. The next article, written by Bruce Hackett et
al., focuses on Oil spill applications. The article of John Siddorn et al. closes the issue by a description of the development of a
North-East Atlantic tidal NEMO system.
Enjoy your reading!
Forecasting of air temperature based on remotemehmet şahin
The aim of this research is to forecast air temperature based on remote sensing data. So, land surface
temperature and air temperature values which were measured by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and
Water Affairs (Turkish State Meteorological Service) during the period 1995–2001 at seven stations (Adana,
Ankara, Balıkesir, Đzmir, Samsun, Sanlıurfa, Van) were compared. The monthly land surface temperature and
air temperature were used to have correlation coefficients over Turkey. An empirical method was obtained from
equation of correlation coefficients. Separately, Price algorithm was used for the estimation of land surface
temperature values to get air temperatures. Then as statistical, air temperature values, belongs to meteorological
data in Turkey (26–45ºE and 36–42ºN) throughout 2002, were evaluated. The research results showed that
accuracy of estimation of the air temperature changes from 2.453ºK to 2.825ºK by root mean square error.
Greetings all,
Once a year in April, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a common newsletter. Papers are dedicated to observations only.
• The first paper introducing this issue is presenting the Coriolis 2014-2020 framework which was renewed in 2014 in order to go on integrating in-situ ocean observation infrastructure for operational oceanography and ocean/climate research.
• Next paper by Poffa et al. describes how some Argo floats are deployed by the sailing community, through ship-based non-governmental organization or trans-oceanic races. It allows Argo floats to be deployed in poorly sampled areas where there is no regular shipping. Sailors got also involved in oceanographic science activities. An example of float deployment is given in the case of the Barcelona World Race.
• Next paper by Pouliquen et al. describes the EURO-ARGO ERIC infrastructure which is now officially set-up since May 2014. The objective of the Euro-Argo ERIC is to organize a long term European contribution to the international Argo array of profiling floats.
• Le Traon et al. are then presenting how the assessment of the impact of ARGO in Ocean models and satellite validation is conducted in the context of E-AIMS (Euro-Argo improvements for the GMES/Copernicus Marine Service) FP7 project. Observing System Evaluations and Observing System Simulation Experiments have been conducted to quantify the contribution of Argo to constrain global and regional monitoring and forecasting centers and validate satellite observations. Recommendations for the new phase of Argo are also elaborated.
• Kolodziejczyk et al. follow with the presentation of the complementarity of ARGO and SMOS Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observations to help monitoring SSS variability from basin to meso scale. Using a 4-year time-series of SMOS SSS data and the global Argo array of in situ measurements, a statistical approach and an optimal interpolation method are used to characterize biases and reduce noises. Results are promising and show strong complementarity between SMOS and Argo data.
• Herbert et al. then describe Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (SADCP) observations which are carried out in the Tropical Atlantic during yearly cruises in the framework of the PIRATA program. The present note displays the SADCP data processing methodology applied for 8 PIRATA cruises by using CASCADE software.
• Cravatte et al. follow with a paper presenting the new international TPOS2020 project (2014-2020). The project objective is to build a renewed, integrated, internationally-coordinated and sustainable observing system in the Tropical Pacific, meeting both the needs of climate research and operational forecasting systems and learning lessons from the great success-and finally partial collapse- of the TAO/TRITON array.
• Saout-Grit et al. next present an updated procedure for CTD-oxygen calibration along with new
This the presentation I gave for my thesis defense. It\'s entitled "Using bioclimatic envelope modelling to incorporate spatial and temporal dynamics of climate change into conservation planning".
Editorial - May 2014 - Special Issue jointly coordinated by Mercator Ocean and Coriolis
focusing on Ocean Observations
Greetings all,
Once a year and for the fi fth year in a raw, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a
common newsletter. Some papers are dedicated to observations only, when others display collaborations between the 2 aspects: Observations and
Modelling/Data assimilation.
The fi rst paper by Cabanes et al. introducing this issue is presenting a new methodology aiming at correcting Argo fl oat salinity measurements in
delayed time when Argo fl oats conductivity sensors are subject to drift and offset due to bio-fouling or other technical problems.
Then, Cravatte et al. are using the Argo arrays in order to compile Argo fl oats’ drifts and show that they are a very valuable tool allowing determining
the absolute velocity. They apply this to study zonal jets at 1000 meters depth in the Tropics.
In the next paper, Maes and O’Kane provide with some results indicating the impact of a sustained ocean observing Argo network on the ability to
resolve the seasonal cycle of salinity stratifi cation by contrasting periods pre- and post-Argo. They take into account the respective thermal and saline
dependencies in the Brunt-Väisälä frequency (N2) in order to isolate the specifi c role of the salinity stratifi cation in the layers above the main pycno-
cline.
Picheral et al. are telling us about the Tara Oceans voyage that took place on the schooner “Tara” from 2009 to 2013 and visited all oceans. The ship
was adapted for modern oceanography. Scientifi c instruments were mounted on a dedicated CTD frame and installed on an underway fl ow-through
system. Data were sent daily to Coriolis. Post cruise calibrations were performed leading to a high quality dataset.
Then, Roquet et al. demonstrate the importance of the contribution of hydrographic and biogeochemical data collected by Antarctic marine mammals,
and in particular elephant seals, equipped with a new generation of oceanographic tags, for the environmental monitoring of the Southern Ocean.
The last paper of the present issue is displaying the collaboration between the Ocean Observations and Ocean Modelling communities: Turpin et
al. perform several Observing System Experiments in order to assess the impact of Argo observations on the Mercator Océan global analysis and
forecasting system at ¼ degree resolution.
We wish you a pleasant reading,
Laurence Crosnier and Sylvie Pouliquen, Editors.
#50
Newsletter
QUARTERLY
The Tara Oceans voyage took place on the schooner “Tara” from 2009 to 2013 and visited all oceans to collect samples and data in order to study the relationships between ecosystem biodiversity and function and the physical-chemical oceanographic environ-
ment (water mass, transport) (cf Picheral et al. this issue).
Credits: Francois Aurat/Tara Expéditions; Marc Picheral/LOV
Water-Body Area Extraction From High Resolution Satellite Images-An Introduct...CSCJournals
Water resources play an important role in region planning, natural disaster, industrial and agricultural production and so on. Surveying of water-bodies and delineate its features properly is very first step for any planning, especially for places like India, where the land-cover is dominated by water-bodies. Recording images, such as from satellite, sometimes does not reflect the distinguished characteristics of water with non-water features, e.g. shadows of super structures. Image of water body is confused easily with the shadow of skyscraper, since calm water surface induces mirror reflection when it gives birth to echo wave. Over the past decade, a significant amount of research been conducted to extract the water body information from multi-resolution satellite image. The objective of this paper is to review methodologies applied for water body extraction using satellite remote sensing. First, studies on water body detection are treated. Methodological issues related to the use of these methods were summarized. Results from empirical studies, applying water-body extraction techniques are collected and discussed. Important issues for future research are also identified and discussed.
Deriving environmental indicators from massive spatial time series using open...Markus Neteler
Geospatial Analytics Forum at North Carolina State University, 4 Sept 2014 - http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/about/geoforum/
See also: http://opensource.com/education/14/9/back-school-grass-gis
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module2_#5, Role of hydrometeorological monitoring for IRBM in Ne...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Greetings all,
By the end of April 2008, the final meeting of the MERSEA European Project set up in Paris, in the Institut Océanographique.
The aim of the project was to develop a European system for operational monitoring and forecasting on global and regional scales
of the ocean physics, biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
It was surely a challenge to get together many different partners to build the future European operational oceanography of
tomorrow. It was also a challenge for the MERSEA teams to demonstrate their capacity to collect, validate and assimilate remote
sensed and in situ data into ocean circulation models, to interpolate in time and space for uniform coverage, to run nowcasting
(i.e. data synthesis in real-time), forecasting, and hind-casting, and to deliver information products. The project also had to
develop marine applications addressing the needs of both intermediate and end-users, whether institutional or from the private
sector
This Newsletter collects some of the many results obtained during this project. Several aspects are tackled: global and regional
forecasting systems, observations, and applications.
The News is written by the Coordinator of the Project, Yves Desaubies. He draws MERSEA results up.
In a first article, Marie Drévillon et al. present the MERSEA/Mercator-Ocean V2 global ocean analysis and forecasting system. In a
second one, Hervé Roquet et al. describe L3 and L4 high resolution SST products. The next article, written by Bruce Hackett et
al., focuses on Oil spill applications. The article of John Siddorn et al. closes the issue by a description of the development of a
North-East Atlantic tidal NEMO system.
Enjoy your reading!
Forecasting of air temperature based on remotemehmet şahin
The aim of this research is to forecast air temperature based on remote sensing data. So, land surface
temperature and air temperature values which were measured by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and
Water Affairs (Turkish State Meteorological Service) during the period 1995–2001 at seven stations (Adana,
Ankara, Balıkesir, Đzmir, Samsun, Sanlıurfa, Van) were compared. The monthly land surface temperature and
air temperature were used to have correlation coefficients over Turkey. An empirical method was obtained from
equation of correlation coefficients. Separately, Price algorithm was used for the estimation of land surface
temperature values to get air temperatures. Then as statistical, air temperature values, belongs to meteorological
data in Turkey (26–45ºE and 36–42ºN) throughout 2002, were evaluated. The research results showed that
accuracy of estimation of the air temperature changes from 2.453ºK to 2.825ºK by root mean square error.
Greetings all,
Once a year in April, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a common newsletter. Papers are dedicated to observations only.
• The first paper introducing this issue is presenting the Coriolis 2014-2020 framework which was renewed in 2014 in order to go on integrating in-situ ocean observation infrastructure for operational oceanography and ocean/climate research.
• Next paper by Poffa et al. describes how some Argo floats are deployed by the sailing community, through ship-based non-governmental organization or trans-oceanic races. It allows Argo floats to be deployed in poorly sampled areas where there is no regular shipping. Sailors got also involved in oceanographic science activities. An example of float deployment is given in the case of the Barcelona World Race.
• Next paper by Pouliquen et al. describes the EURO-ARGO ERIC infrastructure which is now officially set-up since May 2014. The objective of the Euro-Argo ERIC is to organize a long term European contribution to the international Argo array of profiling floats.
• Le Traon et al. are then presenting how the assessment of the impact of ARGO in Ocean models and satellite validation is conducted in the context of E-AIMS (Euro-Argo improvements for the GMES/Copernicus Marine Service) FP7 project. Observing System Evaluations and Observing System Simulation Experiments have been conducted to quantify the contribution of Argo to constrain global and regional monitoring and forecasting centers and validate satellite observations. Recommendations for the new phase of Argo are also elaborated.
• Kolodziejczyk et al. follow with the presentation of the complementarity of ARGO and SMOS Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observations to help monitoring SSS variability from basin to meso scale. Using a 4-year time-series of SMOS SSS data and the global Argo array of in situ measurements, a statistical approach and an optimal interpolation method are used to characterize biases and reduce noises. Results are promising and show strong complementarity between SMOS and Argo data.
• Herbert et al. then describe Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (SADCP) observations which are carried out in the Tropical Atlantic during yearly cruises in the framework of the PIRATA program. The present note displays the SADCP data processing methodology applied for 8 PIRATA cruises by using CASCADE software.
• Cravatte et al. follow with a paper presenting the new international TPOS2020 project (2014-2020). The project objective is to build a renewed, integrated, internationally-coordinated and sustainable observing system in the Tropical Pacific, meeting both the needs of climate research and operational forecasting systems and learning lessons from the great success-and finally partial collapse- of the TAO/TRITON array.
• Saout-Grit et al. next present an updated procedure for CTD-oxygen calibration along with new
This the presentation I gave for my thesis defense. It\'s entitled "Using bioclimatic envelope modelling to incorporate spatial and temporal dynamics of climate change into conservation planning".
Editorial - May 2014 - Special Issue jointly coordinated by Mercator Ocean and Coriolis
focusing on Ocean Observations
Greetings all,
Once a year and for the fi fth year in a raw, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a
common newsletter. Some papers are dedicated to observations only, when others display collaborations between the 2 aspects: Observations and
Modelling/Data assimilation.
The fi rst paper by Cabanes et al. introducing this issue is presenting a new methodology aiming at correcting Argo fl oat salinity measurements in
delayed time when Argo fl oats conductivity sensors are subject to drift and offset due to bio-fouling or other technical problems.
Then, Cravatte et al. are using the Argo arrays in order to compile Argo fl oats’ drifts and show that they are a very valuable tool allowing determining
the absolute velocity. They apply this to study zonal jets at 1000 meters depth in the Tropics.
In the next paper, Maes and O’Kane provide with some results indicating the impact of a sustained ocean observing Argo network on the ability to
resolve the seasonal cycle of salinity stratifi cation by contrasting periods pre- and post-Argo. They take into account the respective thermal and saline
dependencies in the Brunt-Väisälä frequency (N2) in order to isolate the specifi c role of the salinity stratifi cation in the layers above the main pycno-
cline.
Picheral et al. are telling us about the Tara Oceans voyage that took place on the schooner “Tara” from 2009 to 2013 and visited all oceans. The ship
was adapted for modern oceanography. Scientifi c instruments were mounted on a dedicated CTD frame and installed on an underway fl ow-through
system. Data were sent daily to Coriolis. Post cruise calibrations were performed leading to a high quality dataset.
Then, Roquet et al. demonstrate the importance of the contribution of hydrographic and biogeochemical data collected by Antarctic marine mammals,
and in particular elephant seals, equipped with a new generation of oceanographic tags, for the environmental monitoring of the Southern Ocean.
The last paper of the present issue is displaying the collaboration between the Ocean Observations and Ocean Modelling communities: Turpin et
al. perform several Observing System Experiments in order to assess the impact of Argo observations on the Mercator Océan global analysis and
forecasting system at ¼ degree resolution.
We wish you a pleasant reading,
Laurence Crosnier and Sylvie Pouliquen, Editors.
#50
Newsletter
QUARTERLY
The Tara Oceans voyage took place on the schooner “Tara” from 2009 to 2013 and visited all oceans to collect samples and data in order to study the relationships between ecosystem biodiversity and function and the physical-chemical oceanographic environ-
ment (water mass, transport) (cf Picheral et al. this issue).
Credits: Francois Aurat/Tara Expéditions; Marc Picheral/LOV
Water-Body Area Extraction From High Resolution Satellite Images-An Introduct...CSCJournals
Water resources play an important role in region planning, natural disaster, industrial and agricultural production and so on. Surveying of water-bodies and delineate its features properly is very first step for any planning, especially for places like India, where the land-cover is dominated by water-bodies. Recording images, such as from satellite, sometimes does not reflect the distinguished characteristics of water with non-water features, e.g. shadows of super structures. Image of water body is confused easily with the shadow of skyscraper, since calm water surface induces mirror reflection when it gives birth to echo wave. Over the past decade, a significant amount of research been conducted to extract the water body information from multi-resolution satellite image. The objective of this paper is to review methodologies applied for water body extraction using satellite remote sensing. First, studies on water body detection are treated. Methodological issues related to the use of these methods were summarized. Results from empirical studies, applying water-body extraction techniques are collected and discussed. Important issues for future research are also identified and discussed.
Deriving environmental indicators from massive spatial time series using open...Markus Neteler
Geospatial Analytics Forum at North Carolina State University, 4 Sept 2014 - http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/about/geoforum/
See also: http://opensource.com/education/14/9/back-school-grass-gis
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module2_#5, Role of hydrometeorological monitoring for IRBM in Ne...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Effects of antifouling technology application on Marine ecological environment
Thermocline Model for Estimating Argo Sea Surface Temperature
Applications of Peridynamics in Marine Structures
Thermal and Structural Behaviour of Offshore Structures with Passive Fire Protection
Functionally graded material and its application to marine structures
DSD-INT 2019 The FEWSPo system - actual state and new developments - TonelliDeltares
Presentation by Fabrizio Tonelli, Chiara Montecorboli, Selena Ziccardi, Marco Brian, ARPAE, at the Delft-FEWS User Days, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2019. Thursday, 7 November 2019, Delft.
Presentation on Aerosols, cloud properties Esayas Meresa
This slide was prepared for the course Applications of GIS and RS for water resources in Mekelle University, Institute of Geo-information and earth observation Science(I-GEOS) by Mr. Esayas Meresa.
Strahlendorff - EO and insitu for weather, water and climateMikko Strahlendorff
Earth Observation and in-situ data for weather, water and climate are principally clear physical numerical data, but still the diversity is large in data types and with new opportunities from crowd sourcing the challenge to share and disseminate all of it is challenging. And then there is also politics for some data that prevents a simple all is open and freely available. A crucial aspect is to look at the whole production chain to end-users for supporting a better Earth.
Utilizando la información espectral y visión panorámica mediante la interpretación de imágenes satelitales se puede conocer la superficie, forma y distribución de la cobertura de agua y vomo la arcatan las alteraciones en las componentes vegetal y uso de la tierra de grandes áreas. En el trabajo específico con vegetación son empleadas para describir grandes tipos de comunidades (incluso determinar presencia de especies invasoras), estimar su estado hídrico, fenología, niveles de degradación y tasas de productividad. Basado en imágenes de satélites, en el año 2002 se presentó en Argentina el Primer Inventario de Bosques Nativos, que tuvo como objetivo obtener mapas temáticos de cobertura de uso de la tierra, del estado de los bosques (niveles de aprovechamiento y degradación), indicadores de factores ambientales responsables de la alteración de los recursos hidricos
Using Remote Sensing Techniques For Monitoring Ecological Changes In Lakes: C...IJERA Editor
The ability to use remote sensing in studying lake ecology lies in the capability of satellite sensors to measure
the spectral reflectance of constituents in water bodies. This reflectance can be used to determine the
concentration of the constituents of the water column through mathematical relationships. This work identified a
simple linear equation for estimating suspended matter in Lake Naivasha with reflectance in Landsat7 ETM+
image. A R² = 0.94, n = 6 for suspended matter was obtained. Archive of Landsat imagery was used to
produce maps of suspended matter concentrations in the lake. The suspended matter concentrations at five
different locations in the lake over 30 year’s period were then estimated. It was therefore concluded that the
ecological changes Lake Naivasha is experiencing is the result of the high water abstraction and the effect of
climate change.
Similar to Monitoring and retrieving historical daily surface temperature of sub-alpine Lakes from space (20)
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
Monitoring and retrieving historical daily surface temperature of sub-alpine Lakes from space
1. Monitoring and retrieving historical daily surface
temperature of sub-alpine Lakes from space
S. Pareeth 1,2,3, M. Metz 1, M. Neteler 1, M. Bresciani 4, F. Buzzi 5, B. Leoni 6, A. Ludovisi 7, G.
Morabito 8 andN.Salmaso2,
1. GIS and Remote Sensing unit, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, The Research and Innovation centre (CRI), Fondazione Edmund
Mach (FEM), Trento, Italy
2. Limnology and River Ecology unit, Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, The Research and Innovation centre (CRI),
Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Trento, Italy
3. Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
4. National Research Council, Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, CNR-IREA, Milano, Italy,
5. ARPA Lombardia, via I Maggio 21/B Oggiono (Lc), Italy
6. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
7. Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto – 06124 - Perugia, Italy
8. CNR - Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Pallanza (VB)- Italy
2. Introduction
WarmLakes – Study the long term warming trends of sub-alpine
lakes using temperature derived from satellite data
Leveraging the availability of daily thermal imageries for last 2
decades from multiple sensors aboard satellites
Lake specific validation and model development using field data
Develop daily homogenized Lake Surface Water Temperature
(LSWT) for last 2 decades.
Time series analysis linking the trend with climatic tele - connection
indices like NAO, EA and EMP
Preliminary results
3. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 3
Collaborations
IGB Berlin,
working on Lake Müggelsee
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Scope
● Lakes as sentinels of climate
change
● Reported warming at major lakes
resulting in ecological
consequences
● Difficulties in acquiring high
temporal resolution field data from
lakes
● Seasonal thermal variations versus
teleconnection (oscillation patterns)
● Thermal image processing –
temperature measurement from
space
● Availability of daily thermal data
from multiple satellite sensors
● Combining different sensors
different time frames, temporally
and daily
● Available from early 1980's
Ecological/Climatic perspective Data perspective
5. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 5
Remote sensing
Collection and interpretation of Earth objects without
being in physical contact, unlike in-situ measurements
Main sources – Images from aircrafts and satellites
Using sensors to detect the variation in energy reflected
and emitted
– Human eyes – Only visible spectrum (Red,
Green, Blue)
– Sensors/detectors – whole range of electro
magnetic spectrum
Key principle of Remote sensing
– Spectral response of the objects in different
wavelengths gives valuable information on its
properties
Source: http://waves.marine.usf.edu/oceans_menu/scope/sidebars.htm
6. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 6
Remote sensing of water
Source : http://www.intechopen.com/books/topics-in-oceanography/challenges-
and-new-advances-in-ocean-color-remote-sensing-of-coastal-waters
Spatial resolution
0.5 m
15 m
30 m
250 m
> 1000 m
Very High Resolution
Worldview
Ikonos
Geoeye
High Resolution
Aster
Landsat TM, ETM
SPOT
IRS
Medium Resolution
MODIS
Landsat MSS
EOS
Course Resolution
MODIS
ATSR/AATSR
AVHRR
Water quality,
Extent of algal blooms,
Detection of species
Local level, expensive
Water quality,
Extent of algal blooms,
Surface temperature
Local level, Lake wise
Extent of algal blooms,
Surface temperature daily
National level studies
Suitable for very large lakes....
Surface temperature daily
Global level studies
7. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 7
Sensors
MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, NASA
A(A)TSR - Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer, ESA
AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, NOAA
~
2014
AVHRR
June 1991 April 2012
2000 2014
~
ATSR/A(A)TSR
MODIS
4:36 and 16:36 local solar time~
~
0130 and 1330 , 10:30 and 22:30 local solar time
Launched Sentinel3 as a successor to Envisat
June 1995
10:00 and 22:00 local solar time
~
1980,s 1998
Geocoding issues
Usable data
8. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 8
MODIS Land Surface Temperature products (LST)
–MOD11A1, MYD11A1 @ 1km , daily 2 observations, from 2002
–Covers all the lakes globally
–1km spatial resolution
–https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table
MODIS Sea Surface Temperature (SST) products
–4 km spatial resolution, daily 2 observations, from 2002
–few lakes
– http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/
AVHRR pathfinder SST products
–4 km spatial resolution, daily
–few lakes are covered
–longest time series (from January 1985)
ArcLakes – Lake Surface Water Temperature(LSWT) from ATSR/AATSR
– 0.05 degrees, 1995 – 2012, daily
–developed by School of Geosciences, University of Edinburg
–daily recostructed data, day and night
–covers1600 lakes globally
–http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/arclake/
Global products for surface temperature
from satellite imageries
9. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 9
Shortcomings
LST – algorithm using land specific
emissivities
Gaps in time series due to clouds and
bad raw data
Coarse spatial resolution of the
available products
Scope of using lake/sensor specific
coefficients to derive Lake Surface
Water Temperature (LSWT)
7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
5
10
15
20
25
f(x) = 1.05x - 0.32
R² = 0.98
Field data
MODISSST
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
f(x) = 0.94x + 0.36
R² = 0.95
MODISLST
LST vs SST
G.C. Hulley et al. / Remote Sensing of
Environment 115 (2011) 3758–3769
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Work flow
Raw thermal data from
MODIS;A(A)TSR;AVHRR
Brightness temperatures
Global LST/SST
products
Optimized split window
SST algorithm
for Lakes
Lake Surface
Water Temperature
(LSWT)
Level 1
(Calibration)
G.C. Hulley et al. / Remote Sensing of
Environment 115 (2011) 3758–3769
Lake/Sensor
specific
coefficients(clear sky)
Level 2
Cloud mask
/QC layers
Statistical
Reconstruction
Methods
Gap filled seamless
Time series
data set
Level 3
Validation/Model
development
using field data
Modeled
Time series
of LSWT
Level 4
Cloud mask
/QC layers
11. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 11
Statistical reconstruction of gaps in
time series data
Mutiple Spatio-temporal regression approach using secondary datasets (PGIS – FEM)
Metz et.al, Remote Sensing. 2014, 6(5): 3822-3840
– Daily four observations of MODIS LST at 250m for entire Europe
– Using hierarchial temporal and spatial interpolation
– Regression model using climatology parameters, DEM etc
Harmonic ANalysis of Time series (HANTS)
Roerink et.al, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21:9, 1911-1917
– Fourier Analysis
– Temporal interpolation
– Implemented in GRASS – “r.hants” (http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/manuals/addons/r.hants.html)
Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF)
Alvera-Azcárate et.al Journal of Geophysical Research, 112:C03008, 2007. doi:10.1029/2006JC003660.
– ArcLakes global database is using this approach
– Spatio-Temporal interpolation
– Use MODIS SST climatology to initialize the settings
– Hook, S., R. C. Wilson, S. MacCallum and C. J. Merchant (2012), [Global Climate] Lake Surface Temperature [in
"State of the Climate in 2011], Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 93 (7), S18-S19.
12. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 12
Reconstructed LST for Europe
Image taken on October 27 2006, MODIS Aqua – 13:30
http://gis.cri.fmach.eu/modis-lst
Before (raw data) After (reconstructed data)
GRASS
Metz, M.; Rocchini, D.; Neteler, M. 2014: Surface temperatures at the continental scale: Tracking
changes with remote sensing at unprecedented detail. Remote Sensing. 2014, 6(5): 3822-3840
13. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 13
03/12/09 22/01/10 13/03/10 02/05/10 21/06/10 10/08/10 29/09/10 18/11/10 07/01/11
0
5
10
15
20
25
9.81
20.91
21.99
19.17
14.03
11.69
9.51
Field data_surface
FromLSTAqua(13:30)-
brenzone
LST_raw
Missing data in raw LST
The graph shows raw LST data, reconstructed LST data versus field data
collected from Brenzone point in the year 2010
Missing values in raw LST is reconstructed with acceptable accuracy
14. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 14
Summer mean comparison
MODIS reconstructed
15
17
20
22
25 °C
15
17
20
22
25 °C
0.5
1.2
1.8
2.4
3.0 °C
2003 Summer Mean 2008 Summer Mean 2003-2008 Summer Mean difference
Metz, M.; Rocchini, D.; Neteler, M. 2014: Surface temperatures at the continental scale: Tracking
changes with remote sensing at unprecedented detail. Remote Sensing. 2014, 6(5): 3822-3840
15. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 15
Results – clear sky observations
Lake Garda
- 2003 – 2013
- MODIS SST
- Monthly field data
Lake Trasimeno
- 1996 - 2002
- ATSR/AATSR
- Arc-lakes product
- Daily field data
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 0.96x + 0.22
R² = 0.99
1996 - 2002
Field data
ATSRLSWT
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 1.05x - 0.32
R² = 0.98
2003 - 2013
Field data
MODISLSWT
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Results – clear sky observations
6 11 16 21 26
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 1.04x - 0.22
R² = 0.98
2003 - 2012
Field data
MODISLSWT
5 10 15 20 25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 1x + 1.04
R² = 0.97
2003 - 2012
Field data
MODISLSWT
Lake Maggiore
- 2003 – 2012
- MODIS SST
- Monthly field data
Lake Como
- 2003 - 2012
- MODIS SST
- Monthly field data
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Results – Reconstructed Time series
7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
5
10
15
20
25
f(x) = 1.03x - 0.09
R² = 0.96
2003 - 2013 monthly
Field data
MODISLSWT
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 0.92x + 0.36
R² = 0.96
1996 - 2006 Daily
Field data
ATSRLSWT
Lake Garda
- 2003 – 2013
- MODIS SST
- Reconstructed using
HANTS
Lake Trasimeno
- 1996 - 2006
- ATSR/AATSR
- Arc-lakes product
- Reconstructed using
DINEOF
- Daily field data
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5 10 15 20 25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 1.05x + 0.58
R² = 0.96
2003 - 2013 Monthly
Field data
MODISLSWT
5 10 15 20 25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
f(x) = 1.04x + 0.52
R² = 0.94
2003-2013 Monthly
Field data
MODISLSWT
Lake Maggiore
- 2003 – 2012
- MODIS SST
- Reconstructed using
HANTS
- Monthly field data
Lake Como
- 2003 – 2012
- MODIS SST
- Reconstructed using
HANTS
- Monthly field data
Results – Reconstructed Time series
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-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Garda Maggiore
MODIS LSWT, 2003 – 2013 daily
p = 0.002 0.01
Sen slope = 0.06 0.06
Cor = 0.84
Trend of daily mean deviations
21. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 21
Conclusion
Thermal images from sensors on-board satellites are very effective in
measuring LSWT
Good alternative to in-situ data
Gives seamless spatial coverage and daily data sets
Enormous value to research as surface temperature being important
indicator of climate change
Optimization in terms of algorithms, statistical reconstructions,
observation timings are required
22. 09/04/14 WLC15, 1 - 5 Sept 2014 22
sajid.pareeth(at)fmach.it
http://gis.cri.fmach.it/pareeth/
Fondazione Edmund Mach- Research and Innovation Centre
Limnology and River ecology/GIS and Remote Sensing Unit
Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN) - Italy
Thank you,
GRASS
http://grass.osgeo.org/ http://r-project.org/