The document summarizes a chemistry lesson involving molecules, compounds, and chemical bonds. It is presented as a game show with Agent P as the host and Al, Bill, Francis, Ben, and Sue competing to answer questions. Al emerges as the top scorer, correctly answering questions about compounds, mixtures, chemical bonds, and ionic compounds. The document uses a question and answer format to discuss key chemistry concepts and track the competitors' scores.

1. Welcome to Chapter 8
Molecules and Compounds

2. Starring Agent P

3. With Special Guests
Al, Bill, Francis, Ben and Sue

4. Question # 1
Score Board What is a compound?
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue Al?
0 0 0 0 0

5. A compound contains two
Score Board
or more different elements that are
chemically bonded together. For
Al example, water (H2O) is a compound of
Bill Francis Ben Sue
0 0 0 0 0 hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded
together.

6. Score Board That’s correct, score 1 point for
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Al!
1 0 0 0 0
Moo

7. Question # 2
Score Board What is a mixture?
Oh, it seems that Al is first with
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
the hand.
1 0 0 0 0

8. A mixture contains
Score Board
two or more elements and/or
compounds that are not chemically
Al Bill bonded together. The Sue
Francis Ben atmosphere is a
1 0 0 0 0 mixture of oxygen and
nitrogen but not a compound.

9. Score Board That’s correct, another 1 point for
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Al!
2 0 0 0 0
Moo

10. Question # 3
Score Board When does a chemical bond
form?
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Sorry Al, but Bill just beat you.
2 0 0 0 0

11. Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben At
Sue 3:00 o’clock A.M?
2 0 0 0 0

12. Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue Sorry Bill, that is incorrect. Al?
2 -1 0 0 0
Boo!

13. Score Board
A chemical bond forms when atoms
Al Bill Francis
transferBen share electrons.
Sue
or
2 -1 0 0 0

14. Absolutely!
Score Board Another point for Al. Let’s
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue review the score. That’s 3 for Al,
3 -1 0 0 0 -1 for Bill and zero for everyone
else.
I’m
hungry!

15. It’s time for our first bonus
Score Board question. Here it is... Describe a
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue covalent bond and give 4
3 -1 0 0 0 examples.
Once again it’s Al...
I’m 4
years old!

16. Scorecovalent bond forms when atoms
A
Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
share electrons.
3 -1 0 0 0
Not fair, I can’t
raise my hand!

17. Score Board Yes, that’s it exactly. 5 bonus
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
points for Al.
8 -1 0 0 0
He’s
good!

18. Score Board Back to our regular questions
now. For one point-describe a
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
molecule and give 4 examples.
8 -1 0 0 0 Ok, Sue...
Me!
Me!

19. Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
8 -1 0 0 0
A group of atoms held together by covalent
bonds is called a molecule.
Water is a molecule, other examples of
molecules are methane (CH4),
ammonia (NH3), oxygen (O2) and nitrogen
(N2).

20. Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue That’s is correct! A point for Sue.
8 -1 0 0 1
I
totally
rock!

21. Score Board Remember, in a covalent bond the
shared electrons act like ties that hold a
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue molecule together.
8 -1 0 0 1

22. Ok, next
Score Board question...What is a chemical
formula and what does it tell you?
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Quietly please as Sue has dropped
8 -1 0 0 1 off to sleep. Alright, Bill, take
a shot.
ZZZ!

23. Score Board ????????
I’m sorry Bill, that is really wrong.
A chemical formulaBill the food
Al is Francis Ben Sue
Al?
8 -1 0 0 1
that you feed to babies!
What!?

24. Score Board
Molecules are represented by a chemical
formula. The chemical formula tells you the precise
number of each kind of atom in the molecule. For Once again, Al is correct.
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
example, the chemical formula for water is H2O. The
8 -1 0 0 1
subscript 2 indicates there are two hydrogen atoms in
the molecule. The chemical formula also tells you that
water always contains twice as many hydrogen atoms as
oxygen atoms. This is important to know if you wish
to make water from elemental oxygen and
hydrogen.

25. For those of you watching
Score Board at home, it will be very
important for you to know how to
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
read a formula. Look at the
9 -2 0 0 1 example to my right.

26. Next question. What
Score Board determines the properties of a
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue molecule? It’s formula or it’s
9 -2 0 0 1 shape? Francis?
I have a Nobel Prize for
determining this. I must be
allowed to answer!!!

27. Next question. What
Score Board determines the properties of a
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue molecule? It’s formula or it’s
9 -2 0 0 1 shape? Francis?
Both are equaling
important. If you change
It’s in
shapes or add/remove atoms,
you have an entirely
his DNA.
different molecule.

28. Excellent answer,
Francis. All three compounds
Score Board to my right have the same
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue chemical formula, but they have
9 -2 1 0 1 very different properties
because of their shapes.

29. Let’s move on now to round 2,
Score Board Ionic Compounds. All the
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue questions are be worth 3 points.
9 -2 1 0 1 Ben is still not on the board.
So what?
I’m on the C
note!

30. Score Board Question 1. What is an ion?
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue Al?
9 -2 1 0 1

31. When
atoms gain or lose an electron
they become ions. An ion is a charged
Score Board
atom. By losing an electron, the sodium atom
becomes a sodium ion with a charge of +1. By
gaining an Al
electron,Bill chlorine atom becomes a
the Francis Ben Sue
9 -2 1 0 1
chloride ion with a charge of -1 (when chlorine
becomes an ion, the name changes to
chloride).

32. Score Board Very good Al. That’s
worth 3 points. Next, what is a
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
ionic bond? Looks like Bill is ready
12 -2 1 0 1 to take another chance.

33. Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Once again, wrong!
Ionic Bond is a secret Al?
12 -2 1 0 1
agent for MI 6.
If I wasn’t just
a drawing, I would roll my
eyes.

34. Score Board
Sodium
and chlorine formBill ionic
Al
an Francis Ben Sue
Once again, wrong!
bond because the positive sodium Al?
12 -2 1 0 1
ion is attracted to the negative chloride ion.
Ionic bonds are bonds in which electrons
are transferred from one atom to
another.
If I wasn’t just
a drawing, I would roll my
eyes.

35. Score Board Next question.
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue Do ions form molecules?
15 -5 1 0 1 Sue?

36. Ionic bonds are not limited to a
single pair of atoms like covalent bonds. In sodium
Score Board
chloride each positive sodium ion is attracted to all of the
neighboring chloride ions. Likewise, each chloride ion is attracted to all the
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Very good, Sue!
neighboring sodium atoms. Because the bonds are not just between pairs of
3 points to you.
15 -5 1 0 1
atoms, ionic compounds do not form molecules! In an ionic compound,
each atom bonds with all of its neighbors through attraction
between positive and negative charge.

37. Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
15 -5 1 0 4 Sodium chloride is
an ionic compound in which
each positive sodium ion is
attracted to all of its negative
chloride neighbors and vice
versa.

38. The
next question is a true
or false question. True or
false, chemical formulas can
Score Board only be used for molecules.
Bill?
Al Aaaaaah, Francis
Bill let me Ben Sue
15 -5 1 0 4 think....
I know!!!
George Washington discovered
the lawn mower!
George never
told me that.

39. I’m sorry Bill, but once
again you are incorrect. Al, do
Score Board you have the answer?
Al Bill Francis
Of Ben
course, Sue
15 -5 1 0 4 the answer is false.
Like molecular compounds, ionic compounds also have fixed ratios of
elements. For example, there is one sodium ion per chloride ion in sodium chloride.
This means we can use the same type of chemical formula for ionic
compounds and molecular compounds.
George never told
me that either.

40. Alright then, next
question. Can ions be
multiply charged?
Score Board How about it, Al?
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
Of course they can. Sodium chloride involves the
15 -8 1 0 4
transfer of one electron however, ionic compounds may also be formed
by the transfer of two or more electrons. A good example is magnesium chloride
(MgCl2). The magnesium atom gives up two electrons to become a magnesium ion with
a charge of +2 (Mg2+). Each chlorine atom gains one electron to become a chloride ion
with a charge of -1 (Cl-). The ion charge is written as a superscript after the
element (Mg2+, Fe3+,Cl-, etc.).

41. And now, a word from our
sponsor.
Score Board
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
18 -8 1 0 4

42. Hi Mavericks, Sue here.
Remember atoms form bonds in order to release
energy. Some atoms are more reactive than others. The
closer they are to having the same electron structure as a
noble gas, the more reactive they are. This is why the
lithium and fluorine groups are so reactive.

43. Well,
that wraps up our show.
Today’s winner is Al. Next up
we have some questions so you
Score Board can play along at home. Try
them and don’t cheat.
Al Bill Francis Ben Sue
18 -8 1 0 4