Molecule Outside Cell Membrane Inside Cell Cl- O2 Glycerol Glycine (amino acid) 1 mM/L 5 mg/L 5 mg/L 5 mM/L 5 mM/L 9 mg/L 15 mg/L 3 mM/L The concentrations of different molecules across a cell membrane are shown here. In the table, write out the mechanism (active transport, simple diffusion, or facilitated diffusion) that would be used to move each molecule in the indicated direction. Mechanism? Molecule Outside to Inside? Inside to Outside? Cl- Glycerol Glycine (amino acid) O2 Cell Blood Ion mM/L mM/L K+ 139 4 Na+ 12 145 Cl 4 116 HCO3 12 29 Mg2+ 0.8 1.5 Ca2+ <0.0002 1.8 X 138 9 Andy Warhol was a famous artist in the 1960s and 70s. On February 20, 1987, he was admitted into a hospital for routine surgery. Two days later he died. Subsequent reports suggest that a major contributing factor in his death was hyponatremia (over-hydration). The concentration of different solutes in mammalian cells and blood is shown here (X- are proteins). How do cells maintain high concentrations of some ions inside and some outside the cell? How does the overall solute concentration inside and outside the cell compare? Patients undergoing surgery often receive intravenous fluids (IVs). A commonly IV solution is normal saline, which contains 9 grams of NaCl / Liter. Is normal saline hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to cells? Use calculations to support your argument. (Count each ion in the saline solution as an independent solute molecule). How would administering saline solutions with the following solute concentrations affect the movement of water in a patients cells? Slightly higher than normal saline Slightly lower than normal saline Compare and contrast the 2 types of transmembrane proteins, transporters, and channels. Define electrochemical gradient and membrane potential. Compare and contrast coupled transporters and ATP driven pumps (both examples of active transport). Describe the various ways in which ion channels can be gated or regulated. Lethal injection is composed of one or more drugs that are injected into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing rapid death. Which component causes death and how does this happen? Molecule Outside Cell Membrane Inside Cell.

1. Molecule Outside Cell Membrane Inside Cell
Cl-
O2
Glycerol
Glycine
(amino acid)
1 mM/L
5 mg/L
5 mg/L
5 mM/L
5 mM/L
9 mg/L
15 mg/L
3 mM/L
The concentrations of different molecules across a cell membrane are shown here.
In the table, write out the mechanism (active transport, simple diffusion, or facilitated diffusion)
that would be used to move each molecule in the indicated direction.
Mechanism?
Molecule
Outside to Inside?
Inside to Outside?
Cl-
Glycerol

2. Glycine
(amino acid)
O2
Cell
Blood
Ion
mM/L
mM/L
K+
139
4
Na+
12
145
Cl
4
116
HCO3
12
29
Mg2+
0.8
1.5
Ca2+
<0.0002
1.8
X
138

3. 9
Andy Warhol was a famous artist in the 1960s and 70s. On February 20, 1987, he was admitted
into a hospital for routine surgery. Two days later he died. Subsequent reports suggest that a
major contributing factor in his death was hyponatremia (over-hydration).
The concentration of different solutes in mammalian cells and blood is shown here (X- are
proteins).
How do cells maintain high concentrations of some ions inside and some outside the cell?
How does the overall solute concentration inside and outside the cell compare?
Patients undergoing surgery often receive intravenous fluids (IVs). A commonly IV solution is
normal saline, which contains 9 grams of NaCl / Liter. Is normal saline hypertonic, hypotonic, or
isotonic to cells? Use calculations to support your argument. (Count each ion in the saline
solution as an independent solute molecule).
How would administering saline solutions with the following solute concentrations affect the
movement of water in a patients cells?
Slightly higher than normal saline Slightly lower than normal saline
Compare and contrast the 2 types of transmembrane proteins, transporters, and channels.
Define electrochemical gradient and membrane potential.
Compare and contrast coupled transporters and ATP driven pumps (both examples of active
transport).
Describe the various ways in which ion channels can be gated or regulated.
Lethal injection is composed of one or more drugs that are injected into a person (typically a

4. barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing rapid death.
Which component causes death and how does this happen?
Molecule Outside Cell Membrane Inside Cell