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Molecular Motors, its introduction, types, basic components, animation to understand, regulation and study processes
Molecular motors are natural or artificial machines that convert chemical energy to mechanical work, essential for movement in living organisms. They consist of a motor domain, a lever arm, and an ATPase domain, with examples including kinesin, myosin, and dynein for transport along microtubules and actin filaments. Techniques to study these motors include single molecule fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy, while their activity is regulated by phosphorylation and binding of regulatory proteins.
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Molecular Motors, its introduction, types, basic components, animation to understand, regulation and study processes
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- 2. Defining Molecular Motors MOLECULARMOTORS ARE NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL MOLECULAR MACHINES THAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL AGENTS OF MOVEMENT IN LIVING ORGANISMS. BIOLOGICAL, NANO- MACHINES THAT CONVERT CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL WORK/MOTION.
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- 5. Key Components ofMolecular Motors 3 Basic components that help in motion at cellular level. A set of motor Domain (Interact with cellular environment) A lever Arm (Translates the motor movement into mechanical work) An ATPase Domain (Hydrolyzes ATP to provide Energy)
- 6. Transcriptional motors 1- Kinesin 2- Myosin 3-Dynein Rotatory Motors Helical flagella in E.coli Polymerization Motors 1- Actins 2- Microtubules Molecular Motors Types Based on Action
- 7. Types Based onPath Followed by Transcriptional Motors Microtubule based Molecular motor • Conventional kinesin • Dyneins Actin Based molecular motors • Myosin
- 8. Example of MolecularMotors with Animation Sr No. Example Types Action 1 Cytoskeletal Motors Myosin 1- Muscle Contraction 2- Intracellular transport 3- Production of cellular tension (moves toward +ve end of microtubules) Kinesin 1- Inter-cellular transport (nucleus to cell) (Anterograde Transport) (Moves towards +ve End of the actin) Types: 1 (conventional),2 (heterometric),5 (bipolar),14 Dynein 1- Axonemal beating of cilia and flagella 2- Inter-cellular Transport (cell to nucleus (Retrograde Transport) Moves toward –Ve end of the Microtublues = Power Stoke means crawling)
- 9. Example of MolecularMotors Sr no. Example Action 2 RNA Polymerase (enzyme) Transcribe RNA to DNA DNA Polymerase (enzyme) Transcribe single stand DNA to Double stand DNA Topoisomerase Reduce DNA’s Supercoiling Helicase Separate Double-stand DNA before Transcription or replication.
- 10. Animation of MolecularMotors
- 11. Techniques to studyMolecular Motors SINGLE MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY MAGNETIC TWEEZERS
- 12. Regulation of MolecularMotors Phosphorylation Binding of Regulatory Proteins Post- translational modification
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Editor's Notes
- #6 2 Domains One attached with cargo Other with microtubules or actin filaments The head part of the molecule contain ATPase
- #8 Microtubular based: A- Kinesin: Transfer cargo toward the negative terminal of actin. Exception: Some kinesins move toward positive terminal as involved in cell division like mitosis and meiosis. B- Dynein: 2 types 1-cytoplasmic form (function like conventional kinesin 2-Axonemal form (Cilia and flagella contain it)(responsible for beating cilia and flagella) Actin Based: Movement of microtubules along the actin filament. There are mainly myosin 1 to 5. Function in contraction, cell migration etc.