A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention.
compulsory licensing of patents in India how to get compulsory licensing in India, procedure, rights involved, act and sections,limitation of compulsory licensing, government rights for compulsory licensing,well good for law students
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention.
compulsory licensing of patents in India how to get compulsory licensing in India, procedure, rights involved, act and sections,limitation of compulsory licensing, government rights for compulsory licensing,well good for law students
Compulsory licensing is when a government allows someone else to produce a patented product or process without the consent of the patent owner or plans to use the patent-protected invention itself.
patent types of patent,utility patent,design patent,plant patent,expiry of patent,how to apply patent,filling form of patent,sample of patent advantages of patents to the patentee and society, patent history-india
Indian Trademarks Act presentation with case study of
1. Amul vs Ichhamati Co-Operative Milk Producers Union Limited
2. SBL Limited v. Himalaya Drug Company
3. Colgate Pamolive Co vs Anchor Health and Beauty care
This is a brief intro to Trade Secret law.
This presentation includes:
• A definition of Trade Secrets.
• Description of “Negative” Trade Secrets.
• How long do Trade Secrets last?
• Legal protection for Trade Secrets.
• How do you file a Trade Secret? (Spoiler: you don’t.)
• How to protect Trade Secrets.
• What happens when a Trade Secret is breached?
• Trade secret licensing.
Compulsory licensing is when a government allows someone else to produce a patented product or process without the consent of the patent owner or plans to use the patent-protected invention itself.
patent types of patent,utility patent,design patent,plant patent,expiry of patent,how to apply patent,filling form of patent,sample of patent advantages of patents to the patentee and society, patent history-india
Indian Trademarks Act presentation with case study of
1. Amul vs Ichhamati Co-Operative Milk Producers Union Limited
2. SBL Limited v. Himalaya Drug Company
3. Colgate Pamolive Co vs Anchor Health and Beauty care
This is a brief intro to Trade Secret law.
This presentation includes:
• A definition of Trade Secrets.
• Description of “Negative” Trade Secrets.
• How long do Trade Secrets last?
• Legal protection for Trade Secrets.
• How do you file a Trade Secret? (Spoiler: you don’t.)
• How to protect Trade Secrets.
• What happens when a Trade Secret is breached?
• Trade secret licensing.
Patent act - Legal Environment of Business - Business Law - Commercial Law - ...manumelwin
The main object of patent law is to confer exclusive right to the patentee to gain commercial advantage out of his invention. The conferring of exclusive right encourages the inventors to apply their creative faculties.
MEDICINAL PLANTS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUSJing Zang
Diabetes mellitus is a common and serious metabolic disorder throughout the world. Traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. History showed that folk medicinal plants uses have been used to treat diabetes; this is because such herbal plants have hypoglycemic properties and other beneficial properties. The article shows a listing of medicinal plants used in phytotherapy of diabetes and those experimentally studied as hypoglycemic. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications.
Patent Law in 2014: Act fast or get left behindsteve_ritchey
A presentation on patent law fundamentals, the changes caused resulting from the America Invents Act, other topical patent law issues such as new developments on patentable subject matter, appellate review of claim constructions, and best practices
Pre-discovery
Understand the disease
Target Identification
Choose a molecule to target with a drug
Target Validation
Test the target and confirm its role in the disease
Drug Discovery
Find a promising molecule (a “lead compound”)
that could become a drug
Introduction to Patent Law in India
Contact Us for Intellectual Property Services
BananaIP Counsels
Regd Office
No.40,3rd Main Road,JC Industrial Estate,
Kanakapura Road,Bangalore – 560 062.
Email: contact@bananaip.com
Telephone: +91-80-26860414 /24/34
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in the 21st Century, Sharper Focus Needed on...Ajaz Hussain
An updated version of the article published in the Financial Express, Express Pharma on 16 May 2016. The picture below is based on a LinkedIn blog by the author entitled
“Pharmaceutical quality: Elephant in the Dark or Six Blind Men?” (September 8, 2015).
Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements), 1954 Act,1954 Sagar Savale
An Act to control the advertisement of drugs in certain cases, to prohibit the advertisement for certain purposes of remedies alleged to possess magic qualities and to provide for matters connected therewith. This act is not unconstitutional, because it does not interferes with private business and also it does not impose unreasonable restrictions.
Detailed information on different types of intellectual property rights and how to protect them through patent filing, copy rights, geographical identification and other procedures
Under the Indian patent law, a patent can be obtained only for an invention that is new and useful. The invention must relate to the machine, article, or substance produced by a manufacturer, or the process of manufacture of an article.
Indian patent act - 1970 - definitions, history, types, terms, inventions patentable and non-patentable, patent filling procedure, rights of a patentee, offences and penalties.
Patenting and Regulatory Requirements of Natural Products.pptxSonaliGadge4
Intellectual property is the property possessed by virtue of one’s intellectual creativity.
Intellectual property rights (IPR) are exclusive rights to make, use and sell a new product or technology for a limited period.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
1. THE INDIAN PATENT ACT – 1970
(Amendment)
Submitted by:
Mohit Kumar Verma
(Pharmacology 1st Year)
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Science
2. Contents
• INTRODUCTION
• MECHANISM OF IPR
• WHAT IS A PATENT ?
• TYPES OF PATENTS
• THE INDIAN PATENT ACT
• LAW AND REGULATIONS
• WHAT CAN BE PATENTED?
• PATENT LAW - SALIENT FEATURES
• NON-PATENTABLE INVENTIONS
• STAGES - FILING TO GRANT OF PATENT
• PATENT FIRST AMENDMENT ACT OF 1999
• THE PATENTS AMENDMENT ACT -2002
• THE PATENTS AMENDMENT ACT -2005
• PATENTS (AMENDMENT) 2010
• REFERENCES
3. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
• Intellectual property is the product or creation of the mind. It is different from
other properties in term that it is “intangible”. Hence it needs some different way
for its protection.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
• IPR is the body of law developed to protect the creative people who have
disclosed their invention for the benefit of man kind. This protects their
invention from being copied or imitated without their consent.
INTRODUCTION
4. Mechanism of IPR
• Patents
• Copyrights
• Trademarks
• Industrial designs
• Layout designs of integrated circuits
• Geographical indications
• Plant Breeding Rights
• Trade secrets
5. What is a patent ?
• A patent is a grant from the government which confers on the
guarantee for a limited period of time the exclusive privilege of
making, selling and using the invention for which a patent has
been granted
6. Types Of Patents
• Three types of patent are granted under the provisions of the
act, namely:
1. An Ordinary Patent (Original application)
2. A Patent Of Addition
3. A Patent Of Convention
• A second type of classification of patent is:
1. Product Patent
2. Process Patent
7. THE INDIAN PATENT ACT
• In India the grant of patents is governed by the patent Act
1970 and Rules 1972.
• The patents granted under the act are operative in the whole of
India.
HISTORY
The Patent Law of 1856
The Patent and Designs Act, 1911.
The Patents Act, 1970 and Rules 1972
The Patent amendment act 2005
8. Law and Regulations
• Patents Act,1970
Patents Act of Amended -1999
Patents Act of Amended - 2002
Patents Act of Amended - 2005
Patents Act of Amended - 2010
• Patents Rules,1972
Patents Rules of Amended - 2003
Patents Rules of Amended - 2005
Patents Rules of Amended - 2006
9. Purpose of getting a patent……
• To enjoy the exclusive rights over the invention.
• The patent is to ensure commercial returns to the inventor for the
time and money spend in generating a new product.
10. What can be patented?
In order to be patentable, an invention must pass four tests;
1. The invention must fall into one of the five “statutory classes”:
Processes, Machines , Manufactures Compositions of matter, and
New uses of any of the above
2. The invention must be “useful”
3. The invention must be “novel”
4. The invention must be “nonobvious”
11. Patent Law - Salient Features
• Both product and process patent provided
• Term of patent – 20 years
• Examination on request
• Both pre-grant and post-grant opposition
• Fast track mechanism for disposal of appeals
• Provision for protection of bio-diversity and traditional knowledge
• Publication of applications after 18 months with facility for early
publication
• Substantially reduced time-lines
12. Patentable Inventions
Invention must
Relates to a process or product or both
Must be new (novel)
Involves an inventive step
Be capable of industrial application
Not fall under section 3 and 4
13. “NEW” MEANS……….
Invention must not be
Published in India or elsewhere
In prior public knowledge or prior public use with in India
Claimed before in any specification in India
14. Section 3 exclusions
Section 3(a)
1. Inventions contrary to well established natural laws
Examples
1. Machine that gives more than 100% performance
2. Perpetual machine
15. Section 3(b)
Commercial exploitation or primary use of inventions, which is
Contrary to
1. Public order or
2. Morality
Examples
1. Gambling machine,
2. Device for house-breaking
16. Section 3(b)
Commercial exploitation or primary use of inventions , which
Causes serious Prejudice to
Health or Human, Animal, Plant life or to the environment
Examples
Biological warfare material or device, weapons of
mass destruction
Terminator gene technology,
Embryonic stem cell
17. Non-Patentable Inventions
• Inventions falling within Section 20(1) of the Atomic Energy
Act, 1962 are not patentable
Example:
Inventions relating to compounds of Uranium, Beryllium,
Thorium, Plutonium, Radium, Graphite, Lithium and more
as notified by Central Govt. from time to time.
18. STAGES - FILING TO GRANT OF PATENT
PUBLICATION OF APPLICATION
REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION
GRANT OF PATENT
3rd Party Representation
Revocation/Amendment
OPPOSITION
• PROMPTLY AFTER 18 MONTHS FROM P.D.
• WITHIN 48 MONTHS FROM F.D.
• ALL OBJECTIONS TO BE COMPLIED WITHIN 12
MONTHS
• WITHIN 12 MONTHS
FILING OF APPLICATION
PROVNL. / COMPLETE
Decision of
Controller
EXAMINATION-ISSUE OF FER
Appellate Board
Appeal
19. Patent First Amendment Act of 1999:
Section 24A(1) mandate can be granted under Section 3 and 4
(and not under Section 5 which previously excluded drugs etc).
Controller to determine whether it is an invention falling within
Section 3 and 4, which will be the decisive factor for granting
the EMR.
Section 24B(1)(b) authorizes the grant of an EMR for five years
for inventions made in India on or after January 1, 1995 and for
which a claim for process patent has been made, and granted.
Omitted by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002
20. Patents Amendment Act- 2002
A few important aspects of the Patents amendment act 2002
are mentioned below
Hastening the process of patent grant, a patent is granted
within approximately two years of filing an application.
The inventor had to fill a declaration of inventorship.
The amendment also made the Indian patent act GATT
compatible.
21. The Patents amendment act -2005
Some of the major features of the Patents amendment act 2005 are ;
Emphasis on Indigenous manufacturers
Both pre-grant and post-grant opposition avenues
In order to prevent "ever greening" of patents for pharmaceutical
substances, provisions listing out exceptions to patentability have been
suitably amended so as to remove all ambiguity as to the scope of
patentability.
Product patent has been included in all fields of technology (that is drugs,
food and chemicals)
Inventions where only methods or processes of manufacture patentable:
[Omitted by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005]
22. Patents (Amendment) 2010
• General Amendment of Act
The principal Act is amended by the deletion of the words "Patent
Office”
wherever they appear and the substitution therefor of the word
"Agency".
• Registrar and other staff Act No. 15 of 2010
The Registrar shall exercise the powers and perform the duties
assigned to the Registrar by this Act and the Patents and Companies
Registration Agency Act, 2010.
23. Patent Office
Head Office – Kolkata
Branch offices at
Mumbai :- Maharashtra, Gujrat, M.P. & Goa.
Delhi :- Panjab, Haryana Himachal Pradesh J&K and UP.
Chennai:- Kerala & Tamil Nadu,
The Patent Office comes under the Ministry of Commerce &
Industry.
Each of the branch offices have their own fixed territory and accept
application forms from areas lying within its geographical limits.
24.
25. References
• An Act to amend the Patents (Amendment) Act. [16th April,
2010 ENACTED by the Parliament of Zambia ACT No. 14 of
2010 dated 13th April, 2010, No.14 of 2010 105
• Kishan Arora, The Patent Act, 1970 (39 of 1970) 1-4 (New
Delhi: Professional Book Publishers, 2007)
• Sajeev Chandran, Archana Roy and Lokesh Jain, Journal of
intellectual property right, Vol 10, July 2005, pp 269-280
• Bansal Parikshit ,IPR Handbook For Pharma Students and
Researchers, and Publishead by Pharma med Press2009