This document discusses natural disasters and their effects. It defines a natural disaster as a calamity that causes damage. Natural disasters can result in physical, economic, and ecological losses as well as post-traumatic stress. Understanding the causes of disasters is important so communities can prepare for them and control damage. Direct effects of disasters include loss of life, economic losses, and loss of vegetation, while indirect effects are threats to ecosystems, soil erosion, forced migration, and social/political unrest. Global warming is a long term effect of disasters and is caused by factors like deforestation, industrialization, fossil fuel use, intensive farming, waste disposal, and mining activities, all of which increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.