This training module is one of a series developed by the Australian Building Codes Board, the organisation responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Construction Code (NCC) Series.
This training module is one of a series developed by the Australian Building Codes Board, the organisation responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Construction Code (NCC) Series.
Before viewing this presentation make sure you view Module One – Introduction to the Building Code of Australia, Volume One and Two of the NCC Series.
This document provides an overview of Module 5 of the National Construction Code Training Program on disability access provisions. The module introduces the background and objectives of disability access requirements in the Building Code of Australia. It summarizes the key performance requirements related to accessibility, including requirements for access to and within buildings, lifts, parking, and sanitary facilities. Deemed-to-satisfy provisions for various building classes are also outlined at a high level. The document is intended to provide basic information on the BCA's provisions for accessibility.
This training module is one of a series produced by the Australian Building Codes Board; the organisation responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Construction Code (NCC)
For the purposes of this presentation it is assumed that participants have a general understanding of the content of ABCB training Modules One and Two
This document is the Victorian Code of Practice for the Building and Construction Industry from October 2014. It outlines the application and requirements of the Code for participants in public building and construction work in Victoria. Key points include that the Code aims to promote lawful, fair, efficient, productive and safe work. It applies to all public building projects and outlines compliance requirements for contractors, client agencies, and tenderers. The Code also addresses issues like workplace relations, freedom of association, drug testing, cost and productivity, safety, and monitoring of compliance.
The document discusses the roles and involvement of building surveyors in the Malaysian building industry. It provides background information on building surveyors as qualified professionals registered with the Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia. The core services of building surveyors include building control and compliance, maintenance and conservation, risk assessment and management, and producing sustainable buildings. Building surveyors are involved at various stages of construction from pre-construction to post-occupancy. They help ensure quality, safety, compliance with regulations and proper maintenance of buildings. The document also compares the scope of services between building surveyors and other construction professionals.
This presentation considered the function of BIM protocols in project documentation. It will consider the relationship of the BIM protocol with other project documentation such as construction contracts and consultant appointments. It will also consider the relationship of the BIM protocol with other BIM specific documentation such as Pre and Post Contract BIM Execution Plans.
Project management process_Infrastructure Engineering and Management (2170611...A Makwana
What is Project?
Organizations perform work. Work generally involves either operations or projects, although the two may overlap.
Operations and projects share many characteristics; for example, they are
Performed by people
Constrained by limited resources
Planned, executed and controlled
The document provides an inception report for updating the Bangladesh National Building Code of 1993. It outlines the formation of a steering committee to oversee the update led by the Housing and Building Research Institute. The Bureau of Research, Testing and Consultation of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology was selected to manage the project and assembled a team of 33 experts to review and update the code. The preliminary reviews identified needed changes in areas like structural design, geotechnical engineering, architecture, materials, construction practices, and seismic provisions to create a more comprehensive and up-to-date building code for Bangladesh.
This training module is one of a series developed by the Australian Building Codes Board, the organisation responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Construction Code (NCC) Series.
Before viewing this presentation make sure you view Module One – Introduction to the Building Code of Australia, Volume One and Two of the NCC Series.
This document provides an overview of Module 5 of the National Construction Code Training Program on disability access provisions. The module introduces the background and objectives of disability access requirements in the Building Code of Australia. It summarizes the key performance requirements related to accessibility, including requirements for access to and within buildings, lifts, parking, and sanitary facilities. Deemed-to-satisfy provisions for various building classes are also outlined at a high level. The document is intended to provide basic information on the BCA's provisions for accessibility.
This training module is one of a series produced by the Australian Building Codes Board; the organisation responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Construction Code (NCC)
For the purposes of this presentation it is assumed that participants have a general understanding of the content of ABCB training Modules One and Two
This document is the Victorian Code of Practice for the Building and Construction Industry from October 2014. It outlines the application and requirements of the Code for participants in public building and construction work in Victoria. Key points include that the Code aims to promote lawful, fair, efficient, productive and safe work. It applies to all public building projects and outlines compliance requirements for contractors, client agencies, and tenderers. The Code also addresses issues like workplace relations, freedom of association, drug testing, cost and productivity, safety, and monitoring of compliance.
The document discusses the roles and involvement of building surveyors in the Malaysian building industry. It provides background information on building surveyors as qualified professionals registered with the Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia. The core services of building surveyors include building control and compliance, maintenance and conservation, risk assessment and management, and producing sustainable buildings. Building surveyors are involved at various stages of construction from pre-construction to post-occupancy. They help ensure quality, safety, compliance with regulations and proper maintenance of buildings. The document also compares the scope of services between building surveyors and other construction professionals.
This presentation considered the function of BIM protocols in project documentation. It will consider the relationship of the BIM protocol with other project documentation such as construction contracts and consultant appointments. It will also consider the relationship of the BIM protocol with other BIM specific documentation such as Pre and Post Contract BIM Execution Plans.
Project management process_Infrastructure Engineering and Management (2170611...A Makwana
What is Project?
Organizations perform work. Work generally involves either operations or projects, although the two may overlap.
Operations and projects share many characteristics; for example, they are
Performed by people
Constrained by limited resources
Planned, executed and controlled
The document provides an inception report for updating the Bangladesh National Building Code of 1993. It outlines the formation of a steering committee to oversee the update led by the Housing and Building Research Institute. The Bureau of Research, Testing and Consultation of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology was selected to manage the project and assembled a team of 33 experts to review and update the code. The preliminary reviews identified needed changes in areas like structural design, geotechnical engineering, architecture, materials, construction practices, and seismic provisions to create a more comprehensive and up-to-date building code for Bangladesh.
The document discusses the work breakdown structure (WBS) process for organizing a project into hierarchical levels for management and planning purposes. It defines the WBS as breaking a project down into deliverable elements that can be grouped and subdivided into independent tasks. The summary then outlines the typical levels in a WBS from highest to lowest: 1) sub-project level dividing work into task groups, 2) task level splitting tasks, 3) work package level further dividing tasks, 4) activity level identifying processes, and 5) operations level defining daily processes. It concludes by listing features that characterize each WBS level such as time schedules, estimated costs, and management responsibilities.
This document discusses methods for preliminary cost estimates of construction projects. It defines preliminary estimates as a way to forecast potential project costs early in the design process. Three common methods are described: unit method, which estimates costs based on units like students or beds; cubic method, which calculates volumetric costs; and floor area method, which estimates costs per square meter. Each method has advantages like speed but also disadvantages like lack of design detail. Experience is needed to select the appropriate preliminary estimate method based on available information and project type.
FIDIC is an international federation of consulting engineers established in 1913. It publishes standard form construction contracts known by the color of their covers, such as the Red Book. The document discusses the history and evolution of FIDIC contracts, describing various contract forms like the Red Book, Yellow Book, and Silver Book. It also discusses the roles of consulting engineers and the Consulting Engineers Association of India, the Indian affiliate of FIDIC.
A brief through the content and purpose of Architect Act 1967, Architect Rules 1996, Scale of Minimum Fees (Architect Rules 2010). Covering the law and practices concern and case study on the application of Architect Act 1967 & Architect Rules 2010.
Credit to the team:
KIM ZHAO WEI
LIM SIAW YEN
PATRICK CHHOA
LEE SAI FONG
ELAINE LEE MEI LIAN
KOK LEAN KEAT
(Master of Architecture, UTM)
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de condominios según la ley chilena, incluyendo condominios de tipo A con construcciones en un terreno común y de tipo B con terrenos de dominio exclusivo y común. Explica los bienes comunes y exclusivos, los órganos de administración, las obligaciones de los copropietarios y el administrador, y cómo se determinan los gastos comunes. También cubre temas como seguros, planes de emergencia y modificaciones a la copropiedad.
This document discusses industrialized building systems (IBS) and modular coordination. It defines IBS as building systems where prefabricated structural components are manufactured off-site and assembled with minimal work. Modular coordination standardizes dimensions to facilitate industrial production and assembly of building components. The document outlines various IBS classifications including frame, panel and box systems. It notes advantages like reduced labor, waste and faster completion compared to traditional construction methods.
This document discusses contractors' obligations to remedy defects during the defects liability period in Malaysian construction contracts. It provides details on three key aspects:
1. Contractors are obligated under Clause 15.3 of PAM 2006 to remedy any defects at their own expense during the defects liability period.
2. The defects liability period typically lasts 12-18 months after the issuance of the certificate of practical completion, during which time contractors are liable for remedying defects.
3. For the contractor to receive the second half of the retention money, a certificate of making good of defects must be issued upon the contractor remedying all defects listed in the schedule of defects.
The document discusses the Architect Act 1967 and Architect Rules 1996 in Malaysia which govern the architectural profession. It outlines the formation and functions of the Board which regulates the profession. It discusses the different forms of architectural practice and their registration requirements. The Architect (Scale of Minimum Fees) Rules 2010 establishes a scale of minimum fees for architectural consultancy services based on the cost and complexity of projects. It categorizes projects and outlines the minimum percentage of fees at different stages of a project.
RIBA,IIA,AIA,PCAPT COMPARSION IN DETAILIrfan Ullah
The document outlines the typical education and career path for becoming a registered architect in the UK and other countries. It discusses:
- The RIBA 3-part qualification process consisting of undergraduate, masters/graduate diploma, and practical experience requirements.
- Typical degree types for architectural education like BArch, MArch, and DArch degrees.
- Requirements to become registered like O-level passes and A-level qualifications for Part 1, and a Part 1 qualification and exam for Part 2.
- The role of continuing professional development (CPD) in maintaining qualifications and growing skills throughout an architect's career.
This document provides the preface and contents for the second edition of the Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works in Malaysia. It summarizes the changes in construction methods that prompted the need for an updated reference document. It describes the process undertaken by the committee to adopt the British SMM6 as a basis and incorporate local practices and materials. The document outlines the goals for this edition to reflect tradition while allowing flexibility for modern use and future technological changes.
This document provides an overview of the professional examination process and requirements for architectural licensure in Malaysia. It discusses the practical experience log book that must be completed over a minimum of 104 weeks under a supervisor. The log book must document experience across all phases of architectural projects and be certified by the supervisor. Candidates must also submit minimum 2,000-word evaluation reports on two projects covering various stages and addressing professional duties and responsibilities. The document outlines the examination syllabus which includes professional legislation, the architect's role in society, practice management, building codes and regulations, and contract administration. It notes some key requirements and deadlines regarding registration, fees, and sitting for the oral examination.
The document discusses cost planning and estimating techniques used by quantity surveyors. It defines key terms like cost plans, order of cost estimates, and benchmarks. It explains how cost estimates become more accurate as a design develops from concept to detailed stages. Factors like building size, shape, and arrangement that impact construction costs are also covered. The document aims to provide guidance on developing reliable cost plans at different stages of a project's design.
Importance and Functions of Bills of Quantities in the Construction Industry:...inventionjournals
Bills of Quantities (BQ) is one of systematic ways applied in the construction industry in which its primary function is to record items of works for tendering purposes and to create a fair agreement among the parties involved for contracting purposes. However, there are some issues pertaining to BQ functions such as BQ is a misunderstood facet in the construction industry today, BQ is only useful for tendering purposes, BQ’s benefit is not fully utilised by the construction team and most of them cannot relate BQ with everyday construction works and processes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study on the importance of BQ and its functions in the construction industry. A content analysis was used to identify the importance and functions of BQ from reviewing articles and books. Findings from this paper are beneficial in providing knowledge to the education field and construction teams on the importance and functions of BQ in the construction industry.
This document provides guidelines for preparing standard bills of quantities for road projects in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It is divided into five chapters, with Chapter 5 focusing on work classification sections for the bill of quantities. These sections include lists of principal quantities, preambles, daywork schedules, work items divided into various parts, grand summaries, and schedules of rate breakdowns. The document aims to standardize bills of quantities based on the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement to improve cost estimating precision and ensure consistent tender pricing.
This document provides guidance for candidates pursuing the Quantity Surveying and Construction Assessment of Professional Competence (APC) pathway to becoming a chartered member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). It outlines the competency requirements, describes the nature and scope of the quantity surveying and construction specialism, and provides expanded guidance on each of the core and optional competencies associated with this pathway.
The document discusses the process of demolishing buildings and structures. It outlines that demolition is required when a building reaches the end of its design life and is no longer safe. The demolition process involves surveying the building to identify hazardous materials and the structure. A demolition plan is then prepared, which includes safety measures and the sequence and methods for taking down the building. Hazardous materials like asbestos must be removed by specialists before demolition. The plan also addresses protecting the public, supporting adjacent structures, and disposal of debris.
The document provides information about colors and fuel economy for the Nissan Maxima. It lists several interior and exterior color options such as Ocean Gray, Super Black, Radient Silver, and Tuscan Sun. The fuel economy for the city is listed as 19 mpg and 26 mpg for the highway.
The document discusses the work breakdown structure (WBS) process for organizing a project into hierarchical levels for management and planning purposes. It defines the WBS as breaking a project down into deliverable elements that can be grouped and subdivided into independent tasks. The summary then outlines the typical levels in a WBS from highest to lowest: 1) sub-project level dividing work into task groups, 2) task level splitting tasks, 3) work package level further dividing tasks, 4) activity level identifying processes, and 5) operations level defining daily processes. It concludes by listing features that characterize each WBS level such as time schedules, estimated costs, and management responsibilities.
This document discusses methods for preliminary cost estimates of construction projects. It defines preliminary estimates as a way to forecast potential project costs early in the design process. Three common methods are described: unit method, which estimates costs based on units like students or beds; cubic method, which calculates volumetric costs; and floor area method, which estimates costs per square meter. Each method has advantages like speed but also disadvantages like lack of design detail. Experience is needed to select the appropriate preliminary estimate method based on available information and project type.
FIDIC is an international federation of consulting engineers established in 1913. It publishes standard form construction contracts known by the color of their covers, such as the Red Book. The document discusses the history and evolution of FIDIC contracts, describing various contract forms like the Red Book, Yellow Book, and Silver Book. It also discusses the roles of consulting engineers and the Consulting Engineers Association of India, the Indian affiliate of FIDIC.
A brief through the content and purpose of Architect Act 1967, Architect Rules 1996, Scale of Minimum Fees (Architect Rules 2010). Covering the law and practices concern and case study on the application of Architect Act 1967 & Architect Rules 2010.
Credit to the team:
KIM ZHAO WEI
LIM SIAW YEN
PATRICK CHHOA
LEE SAI FONG
ELAINE LEE MEI LIAN
KOK LEAN KEAT
(Master of Architecture, UTM)
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de condominios según la ley chilena, incluyendo condominios de tipo A con construcciones en un terreno común y de tipo B con terrenos de dominio exclusivo y común. Explica los bienes comunes y exclusivos, los órganos de administración, las obligaciones de los copropietarios y el administrador, y cómo se determinan los gastos comunes. También cubre temas como seguros, planes de emergencia y modificaciones a la copropiedad.
This document discusses industrialized building systems (IBS) and modular coordination. It defines IBS as building systems where prefabricated structural components are manufactured off-site and assembled with minimal work. Modular coordination standardizes dimensions to facilitate industrial production and assembly of building components. The document outlines various IBS classifications including frame, panel and box systems. It notes advantages like reduced labor, waste and faster completion compared to traditional construction methods.
This document discusses contractors' obligations to remedy defects during the defects liability period in Malaysian construction contracts. It provides details on three key aspects:
1. Contractors are obligated under Clause 15.3 of PAM 2006 to remedy any defects at their own expense during the defects liability period.
2. The defects liability period typically lasts 12-18 months after the issuance of the certificate of practical completion, during which time contractors are liable for remedying defects.
3. For the contractor to receive the second half of the retention money, a certificate of making good of defects must be issued upon the contractor remedying all defects listed in the schedule of defects.
The document discusses the Architect Act 1967 and Architect Rules 1996 in Malaysia which govern the architectural profession. It outlines the formation and functions of the Board which regulates the profession. It discusses the different forms of architectural practice and their registration requirements. The Architect (Scale of Minimum Fees) Rules 2010 establishes a scale of minimum fees for architectural consultancy services based on the cost and complexity of projects. It categorizes projects and outlines the minimum percentage of fees at different stages of a project.
RIBA,IIA,AIA,PCAPT COMPARSION IN DETAILIrfan Ullah
The document outlines the typical education and career path for becoming a registered architect in the UK and other countries. It discusses:
- The RIBA 3-part qualification process consisting of undergraduate, masters/graduate diploma, and practical experience requirements.
- Typical degree types for architectural education like BArch, MArch, and DArch degrees.
- Requirements to become registered like O-level passes and A-level qualifications for Part 1, and a Part 1 qualification and exam for Part 2.
- The role of continuing professional development (CPD) in maintaining qualifications and growing skills throughout an architect's career.
This document provides the preface and contents for the second edition of the Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works in Malaysia. It summarizes the changes in construction methods that prompted the need for an updated reference document. It describes the process undertaken by the committee to adopt the British SMM6 as a basis and incorporate local practices and materials. The document outlines the goals for this edition to reflect tradition while allowing flexibility for modern use and future technological changes.
This document provides an overview of the professional examination process and requirements for architectural licensure in Malaysia. It discusses the practical experience log book that must be completed over a minimum of 104 weeks under a supervisor. The log book must document experience across all phases of architectural projects and be certified by the supervisor. Candidates must also submit minimum 2,000-word evaluation reports on two projects covering various stages and addressing professional duties and responsibilities. The document outlines the examination syllabus which includes professional legislation, the architect's role in society, practice management, building codes and regulations, and contract administration. It notes some key requirements and deadlines regarding registration, fees, and sitting for the oral examination.
The document discusses cost planning and estimating techniques used by quantity surveyors. It defines key terms like cost plans, order of cost estimates, and benchmarks. It explains how cost estimates become more accurate as a design develops from concept to detailed stages. Factors like building size, shape, and arrangement that impact construction costs are also covered. The document aims to provide guidance on developing reliable cost plans at different stages of a project's design.
Importance and Functions of Bills of Quantities in the Construction Industry:...inventionjournals
Bills of Quantities (BQ) is one of systematic ways applied in the construction industry in which its primary function is to record items of works for tendering purposes and to create a fair agreement among the parties involved for contracting purposes. However, there are some issues pertaining to BQ functions such as BQ is a misunderstood facet in the construction industry today, BQ is only useful for tendering purposes, BQ’s benefit is not fully utilised by the construction team and most of them cannot relate BQ with everyday construction works and processes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study on the importance of BQ and its functions in the construction industry. A content analysis was used to identify the importance and functions of BQ from reviewing articles and books. Findings from this paper are beneficial in providing knowledge to the education field and construction teams on the importance and functions of BQ in the construction industry.
This document provides guidelines for preparing standard bills of quantities for road projects in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It is divided into five chapters, with Chapter 5 focusing on work classification sections for the bill of quantities. These sections include lists of principal quantities, preambles, daywork schedules, work items divided into various parts, grand summaries, and schedules of rate breakdowns. The document aims to standardize bills of quantities based on the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement to improve cost estimating precision and ensure consistent tender pricing.
This document provides guidance for candidates pursuing the Quantity Surveying and Construction Assessment of Professional Competence (APC) pathway to becoming a chartered member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). It outlines the competency requirements, describes the nature and scope of the quantity surveying and construction specialism, and provides expanded guidance on each of the core and optional competencies associated with this pathway.
The document discusses the process of demolishing buildings and structures. It outlines that demolition is required when a building reaches the end of its design life and is no longer safe. The demolition process involves surveying the building to identify hazardous materials and the structure. A demolition plan is then prepared, which includes safety measures and the sequence and methods for taking down the building. Hazardous materials like asbestos must be removed by specialists before demolition. The plan also addresses protecting the public, supporting adjacent structures, and disposal of debris.
The document provides information about colors and fuel economy for the Nissan Maxima. It lists several interior and exterior color options such as Ocean Gray, Super Black, Radient Silver, and Tuscan Sun. The fuel economy for the city is listed as 19 mpg and 26 mpg for the highway.
Bca j energy efficiency uq mech4460 lecture 2013Ken Thomson
The lecture was provided to 3-4 years students doing the Course Mech4460 - Energy & Environment at the University of Queensland. The aim was to introduce energy efficiency and energy efficiency regulations in the built Environment.
The document outlines the Singapore Building and Construction Authority's (BCA) BIM roadmap. The BCA aims to promote BIM adoption in the construction industry by having the public sector take the lead in BIM implementation on pilot projects. It plans to introduce mandatory BIM e-submissions for both architecture and engineering in phases based on project size. The BCA also seeks to incentivize BIM adoption, build industry capability and capacity through training and certification programs, and remove impediments by developing submission guidelines and standards.
The Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air conditioning and Heating (AIRAH) is the key professional association representing heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration at all levels around Australia.
AIRAH is recognized for its engineering expertise for the built environment sector. Its reach extends nationally to over 40,000 air conditioning, refrigeration, ventilation and heating professionals and technical experts across Australia, from research and development roles through to innovation, engineering, trade, equipment sales, contracting installers and consultant roles.
Hebel building products are well-suited for construction in bushfire-prone areas. They are non-combustible and achieve high Fire Resistance Level ratings. Hebel walls, floors, panels and other products meet or exceed the requirements for all six Bushfire Attack Level categories. Hebel offers solid, fire-resistant construction that provides better insulation and acoustic properties than other materials, while also being faster and less expensive to install.
High performance buildings & rating toolsKen Thomson
High performance buildings are challenging to design, there is no one size fits all solution. The challenge requires an integrated and collaborative approach to the building design. understanding compliance and rating tools helps to give design guidance on the benchmarks that can be achieved. This discussion was focused on how much impact the façade design has on the building performance and how to apply rating tools to the design process.
The document outlines the topics and groups for an introduction to IT course. It lists 18 groups with 2-4 students in each group. The groups are assigned topics related to computers and IT such as input/output devices, applications of computers, internet services, storage devices, types of computers, internet browsers, how mobiles work, traditional Punjabi culture, touch technology, Apple products, IPL, airports in India, and foreign culture. It includes the names of the students in each group and provides a rating for their report, formal content, language, team work, synopsis, query handling, and discipline.
This document provides an overview of timber frame design and construction. It discusses the differences between timber frame, log construction, and post-and-beam framing. The main components of a timber frame are bents and bays. Various roof styles are described including principal rafter, king post, and hammer beam trusses. The design process involves considering budget, lifestyle needs, and site characteristics. A bubble diagram is recommended to layout spaces before developing formal plans.
The document summarizes a Zero Energy Building (ZEB) in Singapore that was retrofitted from an existing building. The ZEB produces enough renewable energy, through solar panels and other green technologies, to power its own operations and reduce its energy costs to zero. It serves as a test bed for green building technologies and aims to educate practitioners and students on energy efficiency and sustainability. Some features of the ZEB mentioned include natural ventilation, daylighting systems, electrochromic glass, solar panels, and vertical greenery walls.
Timber frame construction involves prefabricating wooden wall panels, flooring, and roof materials off-site and assembling them on-site onto a timber frame. This allows the inner shell of a building to be constructed from a timber structure for increased speed, quality, and sustainability compared to traditional on-site construction. The document outlines the multi-phase process, from engineering plans and factory production to assembly on foundations and completing the exterior. Advantages include faster construction, quality control, energy efficiency, design flexibility, and reduced costs.
The document provides tips for giving introductions in formal presentations. It recommends using the WISE OWL method: Welcome the audience, Introduce yourself, Say what you'll talk about, Explain why the topic is useful, Outline the structure, discuss What materials you'll use, and Let the audience know when they can ask questions. It offers sample language for each part of the introduction and emphasizes getting the audience's attention at the start through rhetorical questions, stories, or interesting facts.
This is a stylization of a slideshow originally created by Karl Fisch, examining globalization and America’s future in the 21st century. It is designed to stand alone, without having to be presented in person. Enjoy!
This is an educational presentation exploring humanity's water use and the emerging worldwide water shortage. It is designed to act as a stand-alone presentation. Enjoy!
This 3 line poem by Kahlil Gibran reminds the reader not to forget that nature enjoys small moments of intimacy, such as the earth feeling one's bare feet or the wind playing with one's hair.
This contains the entire 4-napkin health care series in one file. It makes more sense to read this one now than the others since it is the complete set all in one file.
This document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint presentations. It notes that many presentations are "unbearable" due to a lack of significance, structure, simplicity, and rehearsal. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear purpose for your presentation, using a simple structure like problem-solution, keeping slides concise with minimal text and images over clipart, writing speaker notes instead of long slides for printing, and rehearsing your presentation aloud to work out any issues. The overall message is that presentations should be passionate, memorable and scalable through a focus on simplicity and clarity of message.
The document discusses why building and plumbing work is regulated, providing an overview of Australia's National Construction Code (NCC). It explains that the primary reason for regulation is to protect people during construction, occupancy, and demolition of buildings. The NCC details minimum requirements for safety, health, accessibility, and sustainability. It is maintained by the Australian Building Codes Board and amended every three years. The document also provides information on building classification and standards referenced in the NCC, as well as databases of Australian construction projects.
Module 4 Understanding energy effeciency provisions class 2 to 9Michael Farrugia
This training module is one of a series produced by the Australian Building Codes Board; the organisation responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Construction Code (NCC)
For the purposes of this presentation it is assumed that participants have a general understanding of the content of ABCB training Modules One and Two
The document outlines the budgeting and construction processes for a partnership between Steward Health Care System and Suffolk Construction Company, including defining budget deliverables, constructability reports, logistics planning, scheduling, and authorizing project costs and requisitions. Suffolk will provide budget estimates at key design phases and a guaranteed maximum price to coordinate construction. The parties will hold regular meetings and Suffolk will manage subcontractor procurement and documentation like meeting minutes, submittals, and payment requisitions.
This document discusses commissioning for better buildings. It outlines the key aspects of commissioning including project management, design, construction, occupancy, renovation, and reconstruction. It also discusses workforce guidelines developed by the DOE and NIBS for commercial building energy auditor, commissioning professional, energy manager, and building operations professional. The document concludes by stating commissioning is important for better buildings in the future and provides contact information for more details.
Structural audit being carried by Licensed consultants in Mumbai Thane as per the BMC bye laws no. 77. As per mandatory clause in the recent GR by Municipal corporation, buildings above 15 years needs to carry Structural audit every 5 years and above 30 years of completion of construction, every 3 years the audit needs to be carried.
In Mumbai and surrounding areas like , Thane, Ghatkoper, Kurla, Chembur, Vashi, Sanpada, CBD Belapur, Nerul, Kharghar, New Panvel, Juinagar, because of salinity, maximum of the structural homes were going through with damages externally and internally. This herbal cause, needs periodic maintenance. Managing committees going through all through their tenure, take those troubles as a chief essential assignment because of lack of awareness and knowledge. Companies like “CSR Consultant and Associates”, do recognize the restrictions wherein the handling committee ought to carry out those tasks, on the equal time renowned the troubles. CSR engineers is available in available for such issues. They offer indepth knowledge, audit / survey reports, RCC structural reports, numerous technology to be had and recommend feasible answers to the Society Managing committee. CSR Engineers are acknowledged for his or her acute and sharp observations to signify first-class viable and maximum low-cost answers to increase the lifestyles of the homes. Terrace waterproofing answers, plumbing, tiling for beautification, marble fixing, outside and inner RCC structural rehabilitations, replastering, Civil recuperation and portray are few of the not unusual place factors taken into consideration. Apart from the traditional methods, CSR Associates introduces modern-day and maximum feasible technology in phrases of lifestyles span extension and flexibilities.
Replastering Of Building, Painting, Flooring, Plumbing, Weather Shed Roofing Work, Concreting Works, Basement & Foundation Waterproofing Contractors, Repairs To R.C.C. & Ceiling, Polymers, Roof Construction, Building Water Proofing Polymer RCC Repairs, Contractors, Flooring Contractor, Companies, Company, Mumbai, India
Repair And Rehabilitation Of Rcc Buildings, Repairs To R.C.C. Polymers, Replastering, Replastering Of Building, Painting, Painting Of Building, Construction Work Painting, Painting For Old Building, Painting Contractor, Plumbing, Polymer Repairs To R.C.C.
Better Buildings initiative, Systems commissioning, Better building workforce, Lower construction costs, Commissioning process, Commissioning for Green Bulding,
VBCOA 2014 Conference - The Stuctures Group - Special InspectionsTheStructuresGroup
This document provides an overview of special inspections, including their purpose and history. Special inspections were added to building codes in the 1980s in response to structural failures, to ensure adequate materials, fabrication, and installation techniques. The goal of special inspections is to enhance public safety through improved construction quality. Recent code changes have clarified responsibilities and documentation requirements for the special inspection process.
This CV summarizes Ron Williams' experience as a project manager specializing in major construction and decommissioning projects, particularly in the nuclear industry. He has 20+ years of experience managing contractors and projects through all phases from development to commissioning. His most recent role is as an Instrument Development Package Manager for the Replacement Analytical Project at Sellafield, a large nuclear facility decommissioning and refurbishment project.
CSA s250 Mapping of Underground Utility InfrastructureBob Gaspirc
Public comment on this standard is open till Nov 6, 2010 at https://review.csa.ca/opr/opr_list.asp
Slides provide an overview of the work completed to date
EMA Energy Manager’s Guide to Building ControlsEMEX
The control of energy in non-domestic buildings is generally poor, despite the availability of a range of tried and tested systems incorporating both established and innovative technologies. Although the installation of HVAC zone controls, optimising controllers (for Wet Heating Systems) and lighting controls is encouraged by the building codes, their requirements are basic. As a result, specifications are often limited to the minimum requirements, and superior technologies, such as pre-programmed packaged Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) and Demand Control Ventilation (DCV), are ignored.
The document summarizes updates to BS 5975, the British code of practice for temporary works procedures and design. Key changes in the 2019 version include more details on client, designer and contractor responsibilities under CDM regulations. It clarifies the roles of the principal designer and temporary works coordinator in managing health and safety. Common types of temporary works like scaffolding and facade retention are also described.
Career Objective
Intend to build a career with a leading organization with committed & dedicated people in a challenging and creative environment. Seeking a promising position that offers both a challenge and a good opportunity for growth and to upgrade skills to serve the company better.
Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd is one of India's largest construction companies with over 147 years of experience. They are known for their focus on safety and quality. The document discusses the organization's history and details of a residential construction project including site plans, legal requirements, safety protocols, quality control processes, formwork methods, scheduling software, plant and machinery, and store organization. It emphasizes the company's safety certification and procedures to minimize risks and hazards during all construction activities.
ASME Code and Quality assurance for construction of nuclear facilitiesASME Co...Mark Mitchell
This document discusses ASME codes and quality assurance standards for nuclear facility construction. It provides an introduction to ASME codes and standards development processes, as well as an overview of major international nuclear quality assurance standards like ASME NQA-1, ISO 9001, and IAEA GS-R-3. The ASME Section III code and quality assurance requirements for nuclear components are described. Comparisons are made between the different quality standards.
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On 18th January 2023, Nimonik Inc. hosted the inaugural “Calgary Oil & Gas Regulatory and Standards Compliance Day”. During the event, we covered newly published topics, upcoming regulatory changes for the oil & gas industry, and best practices for compliance management. The event attendees also had the opportunity to connect with industry peers and share compliance challenges.
We have an opportunity to reinvent our construction sector and to create a more sustainable built environment by employing…..
•Building Codes
•Standards
•Green Building Rating Systems
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
1. National Construction Code
Training Program
MODULE ONE
An Introduction to the
Building Code of Australia –
Volume One and Two
of the NCC Series
2. Introduction to Module One
This training module is one of a series developed by the Australian
Building Codes Board, the organisation responsible for the
development and maintenance of the National Construction Code
(NCC) Series.
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
3. Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
National Construction Code
Series
National Construction Code
Series
Building Code
Volume Three
Guide to
Volume One
Volume One
Appendices
Volume TwoVolume One
Plumbing
Code
4. Operation of the BCA
Object of Module One
• The objective of this training Module is to provide fundamental
information on the operation and application of the BCA.
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
5. Operation of the BCA
Background to the BCA
Operation of the BCA
Application of the BCA
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
Content Module One
6. Operation of the BCA
Outline of Module One
Background to the BCA
• Building Regulation Systems
• The ABCB
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
7. Operation of the BCA
Outline of Module One
Operation of the BCA
• Structure of the BCA
• Content of Volume One
• Content of Volume Two
• How NCC content is kept up to date
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
8. Operation of the BCA
Outline of Module One
Application of the BCA
• When to apply the BCA
• How to comply with the BCA
• How to apply Volume One
• How to apply Volume Two
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
11. Operation of the BCA
Building Regulation Systems
• The Australian constitution gives the States and Territories general
responsibility for regulating building activity within their State or
Territory
• Therefore – Australia has eight separate building regulation systems
• Even though there are eight systems – the content of each is
reasonably similar
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
12. A Typical System
• A typical building regulation system will generally comprise two types
of regulation:
– Administrative regulation
– Technical regulation
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
13. Operation of the BCA
Administrative Regulations
• Examples of administrative issues:
– powers and responsibilities of parties
– assessment procedures
– referrals, objections and appeals
– inspection and certification processes
– offences and penalties
– adoption of the BCA
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
14. Operation of the BCA
Technical Regulations
• Technical issues can include:
– Building requirements such as;
▫ protection of adjoining property during construction
▫ hoardings to protect the public
▫ signage to warn the public of hazardous materials
– Design and construction requirements for buildings and
structures
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
15. Operation of the BCA
Design and Construction Requirements
• The BCA is a performance-based code, setting the minimum
requirements for the design, construction and performance of
buildings
• By agreement, the BCA is adopted through State and Territory
legislation as the primary technical standard for their building
regulation system
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
16. Why Regulate Building Work?
• To protect people – building occupants and people outside a
building, during –
– Construction
– Operational life
– Demolition
• To protect property – primarily the protection of adjacent property
rather than subject property.
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
17. Why Regulate Building Work?
• To mitigate risks to life
– Structural collapse of a building
– Fire in a building
• To protect against health and amenity issues
– Dampness
– Sanitation
– Ventilation
– Lighting
– Sound transmission
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
18. Why Regulate Building Work?
• To promote sustainable development
– Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
– Increase energy efficiency of buildings
– Other issues in future e.g. climate change
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
19. Why Regulate Building Work?
• So governments can –
– Facilitate acceptable levels of risk
– Assess whether regulation is necessary and / or desirable to
address the risk or issue, through rigorous cost / benefit
analysis
– Where appropriate, establish minimum necessary standards
that are proportionate to the problem
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
21. Operation of the BCA
Background to the ABCB
• For over 45 years, Australian governments have worked to achieve
national consistency in building regulations
• Their activities are founded on a cooperative arrangement and
achievements are derived from political goodwill and the national
interest
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
22. Operation of the BCA
Origin of the ABCB
• In the early 1990s, a Council of Australian Governments (COAG)
taskforce recommended the establishment of a national body to
assist in achieving national consistency in building regulations
• The Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) came into existence
through an inter-government agreement (IGA) in 1994
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
23. Operation of the BCA
The Role of the ABCB
• The ABCB’s mission is to address issues relating to safety, health,
amenity and sustainability in the design, construction and
performance of buildings through the NCC, and the development of
effective regulatory systems and appropriate non-regulatory
solutions.
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
24. Operation of the BCA
The Board
• ABCB activities are governed by a Board
• The Board consists of representatives from:
– Australian Government;
– State and Territory governments;
– Local government;
– the building, construction and plumbing industry; and
– has an independent Chairperson
• The ABCB has an office of full-time staff that assist the Board in
achieving its goals
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
25. Technical Committee’s
• To assist the Board meet its obligations, the ABCB has two principal
technical advisory committees:
– The Building Codes Committee (BCC); and
– The Plumbing Code Committee (PCC).
• These committees advise the Board on –
– technical content of the NCC;
– general building regulation matters; and
– regulatory reform strategies.
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
26. Operation of the BCA
Building Codes Committee (BCC)
• The Building Codes Committee advises the Board on the technical
content of the BCA, is chaired by the ABCB Office and has
representatives from:
– Australian Government;
– State and Territory governments;
– Local government;
– New Zealand government;
– fire service authorities;
– Standards Australia; and
– the building and construction industry
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
27. Plumbing Code Committee (PCC)
• The Plumbing Code Committee advises the Board on the technical
content of the PCA, is chaired by the ABCB Office and has
representatives from:
– Australian Government;
– State and Territory governments;
– fire service authorities;
– Standards Australia; and
– the building, construction and plumbing industry
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
28. Operation of the BCA
Specialist Committees
• Development of the BCA is also assisted by specialist committees
established to deal with specific projects when required
• In the past these committees have included:
– Energy Efficiency Policy Steering Committee
– Building Access Policy Committee
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
29. Part 1 - Key Messages
• The primary aims of building regulations are to:
– protect people
– protect adjacent property
– protect the environment
• The ABCB is responsible for development of the NCC Series
• The role of the BCA is to establish minimum necessary standards for
the design, construction and performance of buildings.
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
32. Operation of the BCA
Characteristics of the BCA
• The BCA is a performance-based building code that presents
minimum necessary technical building regulations
• Performance-based building codes set mandatory levels of
performance that must be achieved
• The BCA allows flexibility in how compliance with respective
Performance Requirements is achieved
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
33. Operation of the BCA
Benefits of Performance–based
Regulations
• Performance-based regulations provide significant flexibility to
industry by allowing the approval of alternative options to the
Deemed-to-Satisfy solutions
• Performance-based regulations allow the design of tailor made
buildings – no more “one size fits all” approach
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
34. Operation of the BCA
• Alternative options to Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions are called
Alternative Solutions
• Alternative Solutions may be used to:
– improve cost-effectiveness
– improve constructability
– facilitate innovation
– address anything different to standard practice.
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
Benefits of Performance–based
Regulations
35. Operation of the BCA
• Some but not all Certifying Authorities can approve Alternative
Solutions
• Performance-based regulations reduce the need to:
– lodge objections to regulations
– apply for a modification or variation
– appeal decisions of Certifying Authorities
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
Benefits of Performance–based
Regulations
36. Please tell us about your
experiences
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
Think for a while!
• Can you think of a time when you wanted to build something different
to standard practice?
• Do you see benefit in being able to do things the way you’d like?
37. Operation of the BCA
What is the Role of the BCA?
• To provide a technical base for the design and construction of
buildings that is acceptable for adoption by individual States and
Territories
• Through its adoption in all States and Territories it delivers a high
degree of national consistency to minimum necessary regulations
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
38. Operation of the BCA
What is the Origin of the BCA?
• Australia has a coveted record in the performance of its building
regulations and the safety of its buildings
• History indicates that our building regulations are effective
• The fundamental design concepts of most of the BCA are derived
from building codes in place prior to the BCA
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
39. Operation of the BCA
What is the Origin of the BCA?
• In addition – research has underpinned the development of new
provisions to produce a more effective code
• Therefore – the content of the BCA is derived from a combination of
time proven historical regulation and research-based modern
regulation
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
40. What are the Goals of BCA?
• The goals of the BCA are stated in the Introduction to each Volume
of the Code
• In essence – the goals are to deliver minimum necessary standards
of safety (including structural safety and safety from fire),
health, amenity and sustainability within buildings for the benefit of
the community
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
41. Operation of the BCA
What are the Goals of BCA?
• It is important to mention that these stated goals are applied so that
the content of the BCA extends no further than is necessary in the
public interest – is cost effective – easily understood – and not
needlessly onerous
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
42. Presentation of the BCA
Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
43. Operation of the BCA
How is the BCA Presented?
• The BCA is presented in two Volumes
• A reason for this outcome is to correlate with the historic operation of
industry
• In essence, industry has tended to operate either within a “housing”
sector or a “commercial” sector
• The BCA endeavours to follow this division
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
45. How is the BCA Presented?
• Volume One contains requirements for the design and construction
of commercial buildings; i.e. Class 2 - 9 buildings, plus some Class
10 matters. See Part A0.2
• Volume Two contains requirements for the design and construction
of domestic buildings; i.e. Class 1 and 10 buildings, plus some Class
10 structures. See Part 1.0.2
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
46. Operation of the BCABackground to the BCA Application of the BCA
Classification of
Buildings
47. What is a Class of Building?
• The Class – or Classification – of a building/structure is determined
by the purpose for which it is designed, constructed or adapted to be
used.
• As the purpose of buildings vary – the BCA has different
requirements for different classes of buildings
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
48. Classes of Buildings
• Part A3 of the BCA provides detailed descriptions of various classes
of buildings.
• The classifications and typical examples include:
– Class 1a single dwellings / houses
– Class 1b small guest / boarding houses
– Class 2 dwellings / apartments (above others)
– Class 3 hotels / motels (unrelated persons)
– Class 4 a single dwelling in a Class 5 to 9
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
49. Classes of Buildings
– Class 5 offices – not Class 6 to 9
– Class 6 retail shops
– Class 7a carparks
– Class 7b storage / display warehouses
– Class 8 a laboratory or factory
– Class 9a health-care building
– Class 9b assembly building
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
50. Classes of Buildings
– Class 9c aged care building
– Class 10a non-habitable building (e.g. a carport/ garage)
– Class 10b structure – swimming pool – fence
– Class 10c a private bushfire shelter
• Buildings can have multiple classifications
• Each part of a building must be classified separately, except that if
not more than 10% of floor area of the part in which it is located,
the major classification may apply (exclusions apply – See A3.3).
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
52. Contents of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
53. Content of Volume One
• The content of Volume One is divided into:
– Sections – from A to J
– Sections are divided into Parts
– Parts contain Objectives, Functional Statements, Performance
Requirements and Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions
– Some Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions refer to Specifications
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
55. Sections of Volume One
• Section A – General Provisions (not performance-based)
• Section B – Structure
• Section C – Fire Resistance
• Section D – Access and Egress
• Section E – Services and Equipment
And…
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
56. Sections of Volume One
• Section F – Health and Amenity
• Section G – Ancillary Provisions
• Section H – Special Use Buildings
• Section I – Maintenance
• Section J – Energy Efficiency
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
57. Content of Volume Two
• The content of Volume Two is presented in three Sections:
– Section 1 – General Requirements
– Section 2 – Performance Requirements
– Section 3 – Acceptable Construction (DTS Provisions)
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
58. SECTION 1
Contains information on the operation and
application of BCA
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
Contains all Performance Requirements
for Volume Two
Contains Acceptable Construction or the
Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions
Content of Volume Two
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
60. Acceptable Construction
• Acceptable Construction Manuals can include Australian Standards
or other reference documents
• Acceptable Construction Practice will generally reflect traditional
construction techniques
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
61. 13 Parts of Section 3
• Part 3.0 How to Use Section
• Part 3.1 Site Preparation
• Part 3.2 Footings and Slabs
• Part 3.3 Masonry
• Part 3.4 Framing
• Part 3.5 Roof and Wall Cladding
• Part 3.6 Glazing
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
62. Parts of Section 3 cont…
• Part 3.7 Fire Safety
• Part 3.8 Health and Amenity
• Part 3.9 Safe Movement and Access
• Part 3.10 Additional Construction Requirements
• Part 3.11 Structural Design Manuals
• Part 3.12 Energy Efficiency
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
63. Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
Variations and Additions
to the BCA
64. Why are there Variations?
• Variations occur when a State or Territory chooses to vary
something in the BCA due to geographic, climatic, policy or
technical reasons
• For example, NSW varies Part H1 because it has long standing
regulations applying specifically to a place of public entertainment
and wishes to retain them
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
65. Why are there Additions?
• Additions occur if States or Territories add something not covered
in the BCA – often due to consolidation of regulations
• E.g. Tasmania Appendix has specialist buildings not covered by
the BCA
• Variations and additions are law in the States and Territories that they
apply to
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
66. Part A1.6 (Volume One)
A1.6 Application of the BCA to a particular State or Territory
For application within a particular State or Territory, the BCA comprises:
(a) Sections A to J (inclusive); and
(b) the variations, deletions and additions to Sections A to J
applicable to that State or Territory specified in the relevant
Appendix
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
67. How are Variations Identified?
• In Volume One variations or additions are identified by italicised
references located adjacent to the respective BCA provision e.g.
Vic D1.4 (d)
• The wording of the variations and additions for Volume One are
contained in the separate document Volume One – Appendices
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
68. How are Variations Identified?
• In Volume Two State and Territory variations are presented in
coloured boxes located immediately after the respective provisions
• Additions are presented in Appendix A at the rear of Volume Two
under the respective State or Territory name
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
69. Defined terms
in the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
70. Defined Terms
• Defined terms used in the BCA are written in italics and defined in
Part A1.1 of Volume One or Part 1.1.1 of Volume Two
• Volume Two also has specific definitions at the front of some Parts
• It is important not to assume the meaning of a defined term
• This presentation also uses italics to identify defined terms
Background to the BCA Application of the BCAOperation of the BCA
71. For Example…
• Extract of Part D1.11:
– (a) Horizontal exits must not be counted as required exits –
– (i) between sole-occupancy units; or
• Extract of Part A1:
– Horizontal exit means a required doorway between two parts of a
building separated from each other by a fire wall
Background to the BCA Application of the BCAOperation of the BCA
72. Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
The Structure
of the BCA
73. The Structure of the BCA
• The content of the BCA is structured in four levels – as shown
on the next slide
• This multi-level structure is similar to that of other international
performance-based building codes
• While there are four levels – only one level is mandatory
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
74. The Structure of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
75. The Structure of the BCA
• Objectives – considered to reflect community expectations
• Functional Statements – describe how a building achieves
the Objectives
• These two layers provide guidance when interpreting the content and
intent of the BCA
• These two layers should not be used to assess compliance
with the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
76. The Structure of the BCA
• Performance Requirements – state mandatory levels of
performance for Building Solutions
• Building Solutions – are solutions that comply with Performance
Requirements and may be a Deemed-to-Satisfy solution or an
Alternative Solution or a combination of both
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
77. An Example!
• Consider the regulation of wet areas in housing – see Part 2.4 of
Volume Two
O2.4.1 Wet areas - “The Objective is to safeguard the occupants from
illness or injury and protect the building from damage caused by
the accumulation of internal moisture arising from the use of wet
areas in a building.”
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
78. The Example Continued…
•A description of how to achieve this Objective is provided in the
corresponding Functional Statement
F2.4.1 Wet areas - “A building is to be constructed to avoid the
likelihood of:
(a) the creation of any unhealthy or dangerous conditions; or
(b) damage to building elements
caused by dampness or water overflow from bathrooms, laundries
and the like.”
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
79. The Example Continued…
• These Guidance provisions set the scene for the mandatory
Performance Requirement for wet areas, which states;
P2.4.1 – “To protect the structure of the building and to maintain the
amenity of the occupants, water must be prevented from
penetrating:
(a) behind fittings and linings; or
(b) into concealed spaces,
of sanitary facilities, bathrooms, laundries and the like.”
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
80. The Example Continued…
• The BCA then provides Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions to comply
with the Performance Requirement, and for wet areas this is found in
Part 3.8.1.0 and Part 3.8.1.1. Part 3.8.1.0 states;
• 3.8.1.0 – “Performance Requirement P2.4.1 is satisfied for wet areas
in Class 1 and 10 buildings if they are waterproof or water resistant in
accordance with AS3740 – Waterproofing of wet areas within
residential buildings”
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
82. Complying with the BCA
• Part A0.4, Volume One states “a Building Solution will comply with
the BCA if it satisfies the Performance Requirements”
• If a Deemed-to-Satisfy solution is used – compliance is achieved
• If an Alternative Solution is used – it must be assessed for
compliance with the Performance Requirements
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
83. Assessment Methods
• Methods for assessing Building Solutions are listed in;
– Part A0.9 of Volume One
– Part 1.0.9 of Volume Two
• The Certifying Authority will be required to assess compliance;
however the applicant will be required to demonstrate compliance
has been achieved
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
84. Assessment Methods
• Part A0.9 lists four Assessment Methods
• 1. Evidence of Suitability as described in;
– Part A2.2 - Volume One (See next slide)
– Part 1.2.2 - Volume Two
• 2. Verification Methods or similar
• 3. Comparison with Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision
• 4. Expert Judgement
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
85. Evidence of Suitability
• Evidence of Suitability are listed in;
– Part A2.2 of Volume One
– Part 1.2.2 of Volume Two
• These processes are generally third party mechanisms that may
be used to assist in either the development or assessment of
Building Solutions
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
86. Part A2.2 – Evidence of Suitability
• A report issued by a Registered Testing Authority
• A current Certificate of Conformity / Certificate of Accreditation
• A certificate from an appropriately qualified person
• Product certification from a Joint Accreditation System of Australia
and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) accredited body
• Any other form of documentary evidence
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
87. Product Certification
• An effective product certification scheme underpins a performance-
based building code such as the BCA
• In product certification schemes, suitably qualified third-party bodies
evaluate products and certify compliance with specified
requirements of the BCA
• A scheme called CodeMark was developed and was launched in
September 2005
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
89. Operation of CodeMark
• The CodeMark Certification Scheme –
– covers both Australia and New Zealand
– is jointly managed by the ABCB and the New Zealand Department
of Building and Housing
– is coordinated by the Joint Accreditation Scheme of Australia and
New Zealand (JAS-ANZ)
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
90. Operation of CodeMark
• JAS-ANZ accredits suitably qualified Certification Bodies to assess
a product and to issue a CodeMark certificate i.e. a Certificate of
Conformity
• Legislation implemented by respective governments requires
Certifying Authorities to accept CodeMark certification
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
91. Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
Amending the BCA
92. How Often is the BCA Amended?
• The BCA is amended annually and becomes law on 1 May each
year
• Revised editions of the BCA are made available three months prior to
adoption on May 1
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
93. How is the BCA Amended?
• Amendments to the BCA may occur as a result of –
– The Proposal for Change (PFC) process; or
– The project work of the ABCB
• However, before a change can be included in the BCA it must be
subject to impact analysis to determine the potential impacts of the
proposed changes.
• The level of impact analysis will depend on the complexity of the
proposal.
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
94. How is the BCA Amended?
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
• The ABCB has three levels of impact analysis. The first of these is
the Proposal for Change (PFC) process.
• PFC’s can be submitted by any individual or organisation.
• Consideration of PFC’s is undertaken by the Building Codes
Committee (BCC) and can subsequently feed into the development of
the ABCB Work Program.
95. Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
How is the BCA Amended?
• Following the completion and consideration of a PFC, regulatory
impact analysis is initiated.
• Regulation impact analysis is conducted in two stages –
– Preliminary Impact Assessments (PIA);
– Regulation Impact Statement (RIS).
96. How is the BCA Amended?
• A Preliminary Impact Assessment (PIA) is an early stage analysis
of the impacts associated with a proposal. Where the impacts are
minor, no further analysis is required.
• A Regulation Impact Statement (RIS) is undertaken when it is
deemed that a proposal is likely to have significant impacts. A RIS
will present a detailed cost-benefit analysis of proposals to amend the
BCA, and recommend the proposal with the highest net benefits.
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
97. How is the BCA Amended?
• Proposed changes to the BCA are made available for public
comment, prior to its publication each year.
• Where appropriate, received input from the public comment period is
used to develop pre-publication drafts, which are to be approved by
the Board.
• Comments received on the proposal will be documented and
presented to the BCC for review and recommendation to the Board
• If approved, the amendment will usually be included in the program
for the next edition of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
98. Part 2 – Key Messages
• The BCA is a performance-based document setting minimum
standards for design and construction of buildings
• Performance Requirements are mandatory
• The benefits of a performance-based code include –
– improved cost-effectiveness
– improved constructability
– opportunities for innovation
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
99. Part 2 – Key Messages
• The BCA comes in two Volumes
– Volume One for Class 2 to 9 buildings
– Volume Two for Class 1 and 10 buildings
• Proposed designs can be assessed using Assessment Methods
listed in the BCA
• A CodeMark certificate is a Certificate of Conformity
• The BCA is amended annually
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
101. Operation of the BCA
To What Does the BCA Apply?
• The application of the BCA is determined by each State or Territory
• Generally – the BCA applies to the construction of all new
buildings
• The BCA can also apply to additions and alterations to existing
buildings
• The BCA, or parts of it, can also apply to proposals to change the
use of a building
Background to the BCA Application of the BCA
102. Other Regulations May Apply
• It is important to note that the BCA may be only one legislative
standard applicable to a particular use of building
• Practitioners need to be aware of all other legislation relevant to
particular projects
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
103. Examples of Other Regulations
• Some examples include;
– planning
– environmental
– workplace health and safety
– licensing / registration of use e.g. hotel
– flammable liquid storage
– health care buildings
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
104. Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
Non-regulatory
handbooks
105. Non-regulatory Handbooks
• As well as developing the BCA – the ABCB also produces non-
regulatory handbooks
• These documents provide guidance and advice
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
106. Reasons for Handbooks
• Some issues are not appropriate for regulation at present
• To provide information on how to address issues covered by BCA
• To promote national approach
• To promote a responsible industry
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
107. Examples of Handbooks
• Examples of current handbooks include:
– Condensation in Buildings
– Using On-Site Renewable and Reclaimed Energy Sources
– Energy Efficiency Provisions for Electricians and Plumbers
– Applying Energy Efficiency Provisions to New Building Work
Associated with Existing Class 2 to 9 Buildings
– Durability in Buildings
– Landslide Hazards
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
108. Using Volume One of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
109. Using Volume One
• Designers should initially read through Section A of Volume One in
order to gain a general understanding of the operation of the BCA
• A complying design can then be achieved by simply applying the
subsequent provisions of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
110. Using Volume One
• In applying the BCA, the processes used will vary depending on
whether the design will incorporate Alternative Solutions
• It is important to understand that designers have the option to either
follow an Alternative Solution path or a Deemed-to-Satisfy path or a
combination of both
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
111. Using Volume One
• Many Performance Requirements and Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions
have limited application i.e. not all provisions apply to all designs
• Designers need to check if the provision being considered applies to
the proposed building
• Use a holistic approach to ensure all relevant provisions are
considered
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
112. Using Volume One
• The ABCB has produced a Guide to Volume One that provides
background and explanatory information to requirements of the BCA
• The Guide may assist in understanding the relationships between
Parts of the BCA and is a valuable aid when interpreting provisions. It
also expands on some of the examples used in the BCA, e.g.
“Classification of Buildings”
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
114. Applying Section A
• As discussed – Section A contains information on the operation
and application of the BCA
• It includes definitions and classifications of buildings and structures
• It also includes a schedule of documents adopted by reference
• Section A sets the rules to apply the BCA and therefore is not
performance-based
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
115. Referenced Documents
• Specification A1.3 lists various documents, such as Australian
Standards, adopted as Deemed-to-Satisfy means of complying with
Performance Requirements
• These documents are generally referenced by edition dates and
amendment numbers
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
117. Referenced Documents
• It is important to note that only the referenced edition is acceptable
as being Deemed-to-Satisfy
• Other editions of referenced documents, or documents not appearing
on the list, may be accepted as Alternative Solutions
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
118. Applying Section B
• The structural requirements of Section B apply generically rather than
to nominated classifications of buildings or structures
• It is important to note that some Deemed-to-Satisfy referenced
documents may have limitations to their application
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
119. Applying Sections C to J
• While Section B is quite generic – Sections C to J contain specific
requirements for specific buildings
• Therefore – a designer will now need to make some basic decisions
• If a designer elects to design to the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions the
following steps are taken
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
120. Applying Sections C to J
• Step one: determine the classification of the proposed building as
per Part A3
– Remember classification is not a performance-based component
of design
• Step two: assess the rise in storeys of the building – See Part C1.2
– While there are exclusions, generally the rise in storeys is the
greatest number of storeys above ground level
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
121. Applying Sections C to J
• Step three: apply Table C1.1 to determine the required Type of
construction –
– Type A: most fire resistant – ‘non-combustible’ construction
– Type B: less fire resistant
– Type C: least fire resistant – ‘combustible’ construction
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
122. Table C1.1 Type of Construction Required
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
123. Applying Sections C to J
• Step four: check the maximum fire compartment size in Table C2.2
plus Part C2.5 for Class 9a and 9c
• If the proposed size does not comply; consider another Type of
construction, or design in accordance with Part C2.3, or formulate an
Alternative Solution
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
124. Applying Sections C to J
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
125. Applying Sections C to J
• Designers have now identified three basic criteria; for example:
– Class 5 office building
– Rise in storeys of 9
– Type A construction required
• The BCA also contains particular requirements for buildings with an
effective height of more than 25 metres
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
126. Applying Sections C to J
• Step Five: follow the BCA requirements through Sections C to J
provision by provision
• Always document decisions and the outcome of applying each
provision
• Assume it will be necessary to explain all decisions taken in
developing or assessing a particular design proposal
• Check for State and Territory variations and additions
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
127. Applying Sections C to J
• As seen – the initial Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions of Section C can
be used to develop a Deemed-to-Satisfy design
• However – two of these initial steps can also be the subject of
performance-based design – i.e. the rise in storeys and Type of
construction provisions
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
128. Performance-based Designs
• As we know – if a designer elects not to use the Deemed-to-Satisfy
path to develop a complying design – the BCA allows a
performance-based design to be developed
• This performance-based design process is addressed in detail
in Module Two
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
129. Using Volume Two of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
130. Using Volume Two
• Designers should initially read through Section 1 of Volume Two in
order to gain a general understanding of the operation of the BCA
• The general approach of following a performance-based design or a
Deemed-to-Satisfy based design applies to designs using Volume
Two
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
131. Using Volume Two
• Differences in using Volume Two relate to the layout of the
document rather than its application
• As discussed before – practitioners using Volume Two are given
more choices as Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions can be either;
– acceptable construction manuals or
– acceptable construction practice
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
132. Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
Explanatory Information
to Assist Users of
the BCA
133. To Assist Practitioners…
• The ABCB publishes a Guide to Volume One that provides
explanatory information on the intent of provisions
• Similar explanatory information can be found in shaded boxes
located throughout Volume Two
• The BCA is available in either hard copy, PDF or on-line
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
134. Part 3 – Key Messages
• The BCA may not be the only design standard applicable to your
project
• Before using the BCA read Section A of Volume One or Section 1 of
Volume Two
• Only use the nominated editions of reference documents for
Deemed-to-Satisfy designs
• The ABCB has developed a Guide to the BCA to assist interpretation
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
136. Summary
• The BCA contains mandatory Performance Requirements for the
design and construction of buildings
• To become law the BCA is adopted by each State and Territory
through their respective building regulations
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
137. Summary Continued…
• The goals of the BCA are to deliver minimum necessary standards of
safety (including structural safety and safety from fire), health,
amenity and sustainability within buildings for the benefit of the
community
• The BCA contains minimum necessary standards that achieve
these goals
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
138. Recap of Structure of the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
139. Summary Continued…
• The Performance Requirements of the BCA must be met by a
Building Solution that may be a Deemed-to-Satisfy solution or an
Alternative Solution or a combination of both
• If an Alternative Solution is used – it must be assessed for
compliance with the Performance Requirements
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
140. Summary Continued…
• The applicant seeking approval is responsible for demonstrating
that compliance has been achieved
• Assessment of compliance may be demonstrated by using an
Assessment Method listed in the BCA
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
141. Summary Continued…
• When preparing or assessing a design always document decisions
and the outcome of applying each BCA provision
• Assume it will be necessary to explain your decisions in the future
• Last of all – use the BCA for the purpose it was intended i.e. to
provide flexibility in building design.
Background to the BCA Operation of the BCA Application of the BCA
142. We hope you enjoyed the show
Are there any
questions?
Editor's Notes
Welcome everyone to our training program on the Building Code of Australia. The National Construction Code (NCC) is an initiative of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) developed to incorporate all on-site construction requirements into a single code. The NCC comprises the Building Code of Australia (BCA), Volume One and Volume Two; and the Plumbing Code of Australia (PCA), as Volume Three. This presentation titled “ An Introduction to the Building Code of Australia – Volume One and Two of the NCC Series ” has been developed to provide fundamental information , in regard to the operation and application of the Building Code of Australia. As we progress through the presentation there may be instances where the information provided is not clearly understood - so please ask questions at any time There may also be times when you have a story that relates to the issue we ’re talking about -so if you think it will help the presentation , let’s hear your story! Proceed to the next slide
The presentation forms part of a diverse Training Program that has been developed as an initiative of the Australian Building Codes Board - which we ’ll now refer to as the ABCB The ABCB is the organisation responsible for the development and ongoing maintenance of the National Construction Code - which we ’ll now refer to as the NCC . The ABCB ’s Training Program comprises a series of modules. As you can see this is Module One of the series – so there’s more to come. Proceed to the next slide
The NCC Series comprises the Building Code of Australia (BCA) , Volume One and Volume Two; and the Plumbing Code of Australia (PCA) , as Volume Three. The State and Territory Appendices which contain their variations and additions, form part of Volume One but are published as a separate document . To support Volume One of the BCA, the Guide to Volume One is also produced. Today ’s presentation will focus on the operation and the application of the Building Code of Australia (or Volume One and Two of the NCC Series), which we will now refer to as the BCA . Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide I must emphasise that this presentation conveys fundamental information – that means it is essential knowledge for all practitioners who work with the BCA Obviously – experience in working with the BCA can build upon the information you ’ll receive today – but without this information your ability to produce professional outcomes for your clients will be significantly hampered. Proceed to next slide
This Module will be presented in three parts (bring in the first text box) The first part will cover Background to the BCA (bring in the second text box) The second part will cover the Operation of the BCA (bring in the third text box) And the third part will cover the Application of the BCA Proceed to the next slide
Under Background to the BCA we will address…. (read the sub-headings) Proceed to the next slide
Under Operation of the BCA we will address…. (read the sub-headings) Proceed to the next slide
Under Application of the BCA we will address…. (read the sub-headings) Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide This last point is critical - and we ’ll see why in the next few slides. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Emphasise design and construction requirements and refer to next slide. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide (Ask the participants if anyone knows the legislation through which the BCA is adopted in the State/Territory in which you are giving the presentation – can you name it?– if not it would be good to look it up before the presentation) In the next few slides, we will discuss the reasons why we regulate building work. Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide In 1964 the States and Territories agreed to work together to promote national consistency. They decided to tackle consistency in technical regulations as the first step - mainly because the technical regulations were seen as the easiest part of the system on which to get agreement. This voluntary “technical reform” process developed the first BCA, which was published over 20 years later. It was this prolonged period of effort in producing the first BCA that highlighted the need for a dedicated organisation to be formed to further develop the code and expedite the balance of the national reform agenda. Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide We ’ll talk about effective regulatory systems in future slides that address the ABCB’s CodeMark scheme Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide It is important to state that building regulations are set as minimum necessary standards and that regulation of the industry is applied as a last resort mechanism of government. Governments generally agree that regulation should only be implemented if other mechanisms such as market forces, industry self-regulation or development of guidelines has failed to achieve required policy outcomes. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide It has been mentioned that many Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions have their origins in building regulations legislated prior to the BCA. In some instances, long standing requirements, although still effective as an acceptable means of construction, may not be the most cost-effective or practical means of construction. Therefore, practitioners may wish to develop Alternative Solutions that are more efficient in achieving compliance with mandatory Performance Requirements Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Alternative Solutions allow you to do things differently from the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision and this outcome can have many benefits, including cost savings. Alternative Solutions can also be used to improve constructability, i.e. to create designs that are easier to build than DTS buildings; e.g. Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions may require a fire-resisting wall to be constructed of concrete or masonry. However; an Alternative Solution may propose that a steel framed wall be used in lieu, which may improve constructability and still achieve the required result. Alternative Solutions can also facilitate innovation; e.g. a brick manufacturer may develop a new brick made from compressed cow manure. This form of brick may not comply with Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions ; however it may be used as part of an Alternative Solution if it can be demonstrated to comply with relevant Performance Requirement s. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the first dot point (Encourage participants to relay a story or two of why they wanted to do things differently – promote the concept of practitioners being able to gain a competitive edge in the market by being creative for the benefit of their clients) Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide In essence - the BCA is a design and construction reference book that must be followed and is part of State and Territory building law. Proceed to the next slide
Read the first dot point Australian building regulations have an international reputation for producing safe buildings, particularly in regard to fire safety which is the major component of technical building regulations. The origins of modern regulations relate to fire events in Britain as early as the eleventh century and regulatory reforms following the Great Fire of London in the seventeenth century. Read the second dot point In modern times there have been limited incidents that have demonstrated a need to undertake major reforms to the way we design and construct buildings and so, with the exception of new initiatives such as energy efficiency, the content of the BCA is primarily derived from building regulations in place immediately prior to its introduction. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide During the 1980 ’s there was a general trend to use research to develop and improve building regulations however this was not coordinated and was undertaken when funding was available. In 1989 the Federal Government set up the Building Regulation Review Task Force which was established to review regulatory and other processes affecting the construction and operation of buildings with the objective of streamlining requirements and lowering overall costs. One of the major outcomes of the Task Force report was to recommend the establishment of a formal research centre to coordinate research into the validation of existing regulations and to develop new regulations where necessary. The Fire Code Reform Centre was established in 1994 and coordinated internationally acclaimed research over its seven year life to 2001, after which the ABCB became responsible for progressing the work of the Centre. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide As can be seen - the goals of the BCA are obviously generic in content Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide In essence - Volume One covers commercial buildings and Volume Two covers housing Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide We talk about the Class of a building or structure. Let ’s discuss the class of a building. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Let ’s consider a simple example - if you think of the goals of the BCA, one of which is to provide a safe environment during the evacuation of occupants in a building, then there’ll obviously need to be different requirements for different uses of buildings. Take a hospital as an example - it would be reasonable to expect that it will be much more difficult to evacuate 50 patients from an Intensive Care facility in a hospital than to evacuate 50 military cadets from a school hall. Therefore - we need to have special safety requirements in a hospital to allow for the fact that it will take more time to evacuate occupants . Proceed to the next slide
Read the first dot point For the purposes of this presentation an abbreviated version of the descriptions is provided Read the remainder of the slide As you can see - Class 1 to 4 buildings are types of residential buildings A simple way of remembering the main difference between a Class 1 and a Class 2 building is that Class 1 buildings are not located above or below dwellings or another class of building (except a private garage). Class 1 dwellings need to be freestanding , or located side by side . Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Notice that some of the descriptions are written in italics and the reason for this is that these terms are defined in the BCA. We'll talk about definitions in detail later in the presentation ; however for the purposes of this slide it ’s enough to say that use of italics in the descriptions of some classes helps users identify the appropriate classification Proceed to the next slide
Read the four dash points The BCA allows a single building to have multiple classifications provided it is designed to comply with the BCA for the various classifications. As an example, a Class 7 warehouse could be used as a dance party venue one night a week; i.e. as a Class 9b building - provided it was designed to comply with both Class 7 and Class 9b Performance Requirements Additionally the BCA requires each part of a building that has a different use to be classified in accordance with the use of that part . This rule generally applies unless the area of the part is not more than 10% of the floor area of the storey in which the part is located and is an ancillary use to the dominant classification; although there are some nominated exclusions. Therefore, if an ancillary area is less than 10% of the floor area of that storey, it may be classified the same as the remainder of the storey instead of needing to comply as a separate classification. Lets have a look at an example on the next slide Proceed to the next slide
As can be seen in the slide, this building has multiple classifications including two basement levels of Class 7a Carpark, a level of Class 6 Shops, and three levels of Class 2 Apartments. (Ask the participants about the implications of having a small office to serve the Class 6 Shops. What would be the classification of the office, i.e. Class 5 or Class 6?) (Remember the 10% rule on the previous slide – The answer to this question would depend on the size of the office, i.e. if less than 10% of the floor area of the storey the Class 6 classification would apply, however if more than 10% of the floor area then the part would need to be classified separately as a Class 5 office). Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
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The basic goals of the BCA apply equally to both Volume One and Volume Two; however there are some differences in the presentation of the requirements of the two Volumes. The following slides only present the main headings in the BCA. Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide As noted on the previous slide, Section A is not performance based. This is because the four Parts of Section A present general information and requirements relating to the operation and application of the BCA. Each of the Sections B to J contain Performance Requirements and associated Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions Proceed to the next slide
Volume Two is presented differently to Volume One in that all the mandatory Performance Requirements are presented in one Section and all the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions are presented in a separate section Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
The Acceptable Construction are the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions for Volume Two Read the slide Within Acceptable Construction compliance can be achieved by either satisfying the appropriate Acceptable Construction Manual; or the appropriate Acceptable Construction Practice. Proceed to the next slide
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Section 3 is divided into thirteen separate parts. Most parts address a different component of design or construction; however Part 3.0 provides valuable information on how to use Section 3. This information supplements the information provided in Section 1 and emphasises the need to consult with appropriate authorities before proceeding beyond preliminary design. Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Part 3.10 addresses the structural design of buildings and structures located in high wind areas and areas subject to seismic activity. While most domestic structures are not required to be specifically designed for earthquakes, because the construction system already in place for wind resistance is usually adequate for earthquake resistance, some structures may require additional construction As you can see - Part 3.11 is titled Structural Design Manuals and it provides a list of Deemed-to-Satisfy codes and criteria that can be used to design building elements using engineering principles. The benefit of having additional design solutions is that designs produced from the application of Part 3.11 do not need to be assessed as Alternative Solutions Energy efficiency is the newest Part to be added to Volume Two and is the subject of education Module Three Proceed to the next slide
While the BCA has been developed to promote national consistency, both Volumes have State and Territory variations and additions to the code. WHY you may well ask? Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide While it would be a significant benefit to the building industry if variations and additions did not exist, practitioners must acknowledge these differences and address them in the respective States and Territories. This requirement is established in Part A1.6 of Volume One and Part 1.1.5 of Volume Two Let ’s look at Part A1.6 Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Variations, deletions and additions to provisions are often the result of consultation between industry and the State and Territory Administrations on ways that have proved to be the most effective in dealing with the requirement of the provision.
Read the first dot point and note the example of a reference to a variation or addition Read the second dot point Proceed to the next slide
Read the first dot point noting the example of a coloured box Read the second dot point Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide It is critical not to assume the meaning of a defined term. Remember that a definition is a “definition” only for the purposes of the document or Part in which it is included For example – Most of us would read the term ‘ swimming pool ’ and assume it to be a pool that someone can swim in. However, this is not the case . For the purpose of the BCA, a ‘ swimming pool ’ means “any excavation or structure containing water and used primarily for swimming, wading, paddling, or the like, including a bathing or wading pool , or spa ”. (Emphasise bathing or wading pool, or spa) Let ’s have a look at an example of a defined term Proceed to the next slide
Here we have an extract of Part D1.11 which addresses horizontal exits. You can see that the term horizontal exit is shown in italics and therefore is a defined term We also have the definition of horizontal exit as it appears in Part A1 You can also see there are two other defined terms within the definition so you ’d need to also look those up to find more about a horizontal exit . Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide (Mention that Assessment Methods are processes that can be used to demonstrate that Building Solutions comply with Performance Requirements . Specific discussion on these will take place later in the presentation) (Emphasise that the Green Band highlights the mandatory Performance Requirements ) Proceed to the next slide
As we saw on the previous slide, the Guidance levels are presented as Objectives and Functional Statements , both of which are defined terms and the descriptions provided here. Read the slide This last point is critical as you may hear people talking about assessing an Alternative Solution against the Objectives of the Code. The Introduction of the BCA states that Objectives and Functional Statements should not be used to determine compliance with the BCA Proceed to the next slide
Now we come to the Compliance levels of the BCA Read the slide The Performance Requirements set mandatory levels of performance How the Performance Requirements are met is up to the applicant to propose to the Certifying Authority Proceed to the next slide
Read the first dot point of the Slide (Ask participants to offer their views of what a wet area may be and why they may need specific regulations – mention later that wet areas is in italics and therefore it is defined term in the BCA) Read O2.4.1 As you can see there are two components to this Objective – to safeguard occupants and to protect the building from damage – do you consider these to reflect community expectations ? (Advise that this is an extract from the BCA . Discuss whether the Objective correlates with their views) Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide The Functional Statement is providing a description of how a building could achieve the Objective Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide As you can now see, the BCA sets the scene for what ’s regulated through the Objectives and Functional Statements – then tells what is required in the Performance Requirements – then gives you the methods that can be used to achieve compliance by using the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions . Remember - the DTS solution is optional . Proceed to the next slide
We saw from the diagram of the BCA structure that Building Solutions are used to achieve compliance with the Performance Requirements . Let ’s now have a look at Part A0.4 to determine if it establishes this relationship Read the slide In essence, if a Building Solution complies with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions it is accepted as conclusive proof of compliance. However, if an Alternative Solution is used then the applicant must demonstrate that compliance has been achieved. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide The term Building Solution is used in Part A0.9 of Volume One because Building Solutions can be Deemed-to-Satisfy or Alternative Solutions. While Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions are conclusive proof of compliance with Performance Requirements it may still be necessary to demonstrate that your proposal complies with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions For example - a Deemed-to-Satisfy solution may require a building element to have a fire-resistance level of 120/90/60. Therefore, an applicant for approval will be required to demonstrate to the Certifying Authority that the building element does achieve the required fire-resistance level (FRL) and one of the listed assessment methods can be used to do so. A further example is that in the construction of a building, a particular material is to be used. This material must meet the requirements of 1.2.2 and A2.2 in order to satisfy the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide For this presentation we will only discuss evidence of suitability because this is the most likely method to be required to be used for assessment of Deemed-to-Satisfy solutions. Assessment of Alternative Solutions will more likely involve the remaining three methods, which will be addressed in detail in Module Two. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide The term third party is used on the basis that the first party is the applicant, the second party is the Certifying Authority, and the third party is an independent body that offers expert assistance to the process Proceed to the next slide
The forms of evidence that can be used are…….. Read the slide (Note: open the BCA to Part A1 and read the defined terms for Registered Testing Authority and Certificate of Conformity ) (Note: open the BCA to Part A2.2 and elaborate on the terms if necessary) Proceed to the next slide
Two of the processes listed as forms of evidence were a Certificate of Conformity and Certificate of Accreditation Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide In essence – CodeMark allows experts to assess whether specific products comply with the BCA. This process means that Certifying Authorities don ’t need to decide whether or not a specific product complies with the BCA as an expert has made that decision for them. A CodeMark certificate is a Certificate of Conformity for the purposes of Part A2.2 A CodeMark certificate is different to other forms of “product certification by a JAS-ANZ accreditered body” under Part A2.2. Why? - because general “product certification” could be undertaken by an accredited body under a different scheme to CodeMark. It may still be acceptable but its acceptance would not be mandatory It should be mentioned that CodeMark product certification is a voluntary process that can be used to demonstrate compliance with the BCA. While its acceptance is mandatory – its use is not! Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide In the past the BCA was amended every six months. The design and construction industry considered this period was too frequent and that it did not allow sufficient time for industry to gear up for pending changes. Therefore, the Board agreed to extend the period to twelve months and to give industry appropriate lead time by publishing proposed amendments a few months prior to them being introduced Proceed to the next slide
Let ’s now address how the BCA is changed Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide We say the BCA “generally” applies to the construction of new buildings because most States and Territories will have an adjudication process available to determine requests for dispensations to the comprehensive application of the BCA Similarly, in regard to projects undertaken on behalf of the Crown, the Crown will be bound to comply with the BCA; however most States and Territories will have a process available for dispensations to be granted. In some instances this process is executed as a Ministerial function Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide An important issue in the design and construction of many buildings is that the BCA may not be the only regulation that has to be applied and therefore practitioners need to be familiar with the requirements of the law in your particular State or Territory. If you don ’t know, you need to find out. A good way to do this and keep up-to-date is to chat with your industry or practitioner Association. You will also find useful guidance on other legislation in footnotes that have been included in appendices for the Commonwealth and each State and Territory. Proceed to the next slide
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There may be a number of reasons why some issues are addressed using non-regulatory handbooks rather than regulations Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Copies of the handbooks can be obtained from the ABCB website at www.abcb.gov.au Proceed to the next slide
Now – let ’s look at how we actually use the BCA Read the slide Using the BCA is a relatively easy task that will be explained on the next few slides. The task is made easier when practitioners know what the BCA is endeavouring to do and how it does it. These basic issues are clearly explained in Section A . This Section sets up the framework within which buildings are to be designed and constructed and without this fundamental knowledge users are unlikely to effectively apply the BCA. While it may be tempting to skip the Section and simply look at the index of the BCA to find a provision you think you may need to apply - it is essential that new users read Section A before trying to apply its requirements. WHY you may ask? – simply because individual provisions of the BCA relate to other provisions and applying one provision in isolation does not mean that compliance with the BCA has been achieved. The relationship between various requirements of the BCA is acknowledged in Part A1.5, which in essence requires that …… ” buildings must be so designed and constructed that they comply with the relevant provisions of Sections A to J (inclusive) of the BCA ”. Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide If designers elect to follow Deemed-to-Satisfy solutions the process will be simplified If cost efficiency is a factor then Alternative Solutions should be explored for components of design or all the design and justification of design proposals will be required Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide As stated – not all provisions apply to all buildings. For instance, many BCA requirements relate to specific classifications of buildings or buildings covered by specific criteria, such as those with an effective height greater than 25 metres. Proceed to the next slide
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Here ’s a photo of the Guide to Volume One Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide This is an important point. The limitation on use of a referenced document only applies in regard to it being used as a Deemed-to-Satisfy solution. It does not limit its use as an Alternative Solution ; provided the Certifying Authority is satisfied that compliance with the respective Performance Requirement will be achieved Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide As structural provisions relate to designing buildings and structures to withstand loads and actions – the classification of the building will not significantly influence its performance. Therefore, structural design is a more generic process than designing for fire resistance or the evacuation of occupants It is important to understand that some Deemed-to-Satisfy references accepted as a means of designing for structural sufficiency have limitations to their application; e.g. timber framed structures covered by AS1684 Part 2 have a limitation of two storeys and maximum dimensions apply to various criteria Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide We ’ll look at Table C1.1 on the next slide and see what’s required for various buildings Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide We ’ll look at Table C2.2 on the next slide and see what’s required for various buildings Proceed to the next slide
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Read the slide Documenting your decisions is essential because you never know when you may need to explain why you made a particular decision – this process may save you substantial heartache and money in the event of future litigation Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Remember - determination of “classification” is not negotiable under the BCA, however the other two basic criteria that need to be known to apply the BCA are performance-based and these and other Deemed-to-Satisfy components of building design can be explored as a basis for development of Alternative Solutions. Therefore; while the building classification is prescriptive , the Type of construction can be varied e.g. could a proposal for a Class 5 building with a rise in storeys of 4 to be built in Type B construction rather than Type A be justified? (Ask participants their view on this question) (ANSWER – Yes, subject to approval of an Alternative Solution by the Certifying Authority). Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide So now let ’s have a look at how to use Volume 2 Proceed to the next slide
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As with the use of Volume One – designers need to read Section 1 of Volume Two in order to understand how the document is to be applied . Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
Read the slide Other than the differences in the layout of the two Volumes there is little difference in its application. Practitioners can still elect to follow either the performance path or the Deemed-to-Satisfy path and are often given choices in Deemed-to-Satisfy solutions. In essence - the same rules apply to the application of both Volumes Proceed to the next slide
To assist practitioners working with or interpreting the BCA, the Board has produced a Guide to Volume One of the BCA and has included substantial guidance information within Volume Two of the BCA Read the slide Proceed to the next slide
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So there you have it – all you need to know as an introduction to the Building Code of Australia. Does anyone have any questions?