Modal verbs are special verbs that provide additional information about the function of the main verb that follows. They indicate modality and express concepts like certainty, permission, ability, obligation, and possibility. The main modal verbs in English are can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need to, dare, and ought to. Modal verbs are used irregularly in terms of form and are always followed by an infinitive without "to."

1. MODAL
VERBS

2. WhAT IS MODAL
VERBS?

3. LET’S SEE SOME EXAMPLES:
• You must stop when the
traffic lights turn red.
• You should see to the
doctor.
• There are a lot of
tomatoes in the fridge.
You need not buy any.

4. We use modals to show if we believe
something is certain, possible or impossible:
My keys must be in the car.
It might rain tomorrow.
That can't be Peter's coat. It's too small.

5. We also use them to do things
like
talk about ability, ask
permission,
and make requests and offers:
I can't swim.
May I ask a question?
Could I have some tea, please?
Would you like some help?

6. INTRODUCTION
What are modal verbs?
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary
verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs that
behave irregularly in English.
They are different from normal verbs like "work,
play, visit..." They give additional information about
the function of the main verb that follows it.

7. Here are some characteristics of modal
verbs:
• They never change their form. You can't add
"s", "ed", "ing"...
• They are always followed by an infinitive
without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
• They are used to indicate modality and
allow speakers to express certainty,
possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity,
ability.”

8. You can catch
more flies with
honey than you
can with vinegar

9. LIST OF MODAL
VERBS
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data, so remember: use an image
instead of long texts

10. HERE ARE THE LIST OF MODAL VERBS
can, could, may, might,
will, would, shall,
should, must
The verbs or
expressions dare, ought
to, had better, and need
not behave like modal
auxiliaries to a large
extent and may be
added to the list.

11. USE OF MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:
1. Permission
2. Ability
3. Obligation
4. Prohibition
5. Lack of necessity
6. Advice
7. possibility
8. probability

12. Modal Verb Expressing Example
must
Strong obligation You must stop when the traffic
lights turn red.
logical conclusion / Certainty He must be very tired. He's been
working all day long.
must not
prohibition You must not smoke in the
hospital.
can
ability I can swim.
permission Can I use your phone, please?
possibility Smoking can cause cancer.
could
ability in the past When I was younger I could run
fast.
polite permission Excuse me, could I just say
something?
possibility It could rain tomorrow!

13. may
permission May I use your phone, please?
possibility, probability It may rain tomorrow!
might
polite permission Might I suggest an idea?
possibility, probability I might go on holiday to Australia
next year.
need not
lack of necessity/absence of
obligation
I need not buy tomatoes. There
are plenty of tomatoes in the
fridge.
should/ought to
50 % obligation I should / ought to see a doctor. I
have a terrible headache.
advice You should / ought to revise your
lessons
logical conclusion He should / ought to be very tired.
He's been working all day long.
had better advice You'd better revise your lessons

14. exercises

15. LET’S ANSWER THIS QUIZ
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/612a59e15fb6a600
1dda5537/modal-verbs

16. Desktop software
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/E
nglish_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Modal_verb
s/Modal_verbs_-_quiz_cm355id

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18. See you in the next class. Bye!