The document discusses several emerging concepts related to mobile learning including mobile web 2.0, microlearning, widgets, and intertwingularity. Mobile web 2.0 extends the principles of harnessing collective intelligence to mobile devices. Microlearning involves learning from small content units and short activities. Widgets are small, reusable web applications that can be used to deliver microlearning content on both desktop and mobile devices by leveraging open standards. Intertwingularity refers to the complex interrelationships between topics that are reflected in a fragmented and networked web.

1. Mobile Web 2.0, Mobile Widgets, Microlearning and Intertwingularity J u ne 2007 Microlearning.org Ajit Jaokar www.mobileweb20.futuretext.com [email_address]

2. Ajit Jaokar - many hats Ajit Jaokar UK based - Hands on Publisher (futuretext) - Author (Mobile Web 2.0) - Chair: Oxford University's Next Gen Mobile Applications panel - Start-up: www.horizonchannel.com - PhD student UCL/UK Recent and forthcoming talks include Stanford University - MIT Sloan Web 2.0 expo - Ajaxworld - Java one The Scoble show - CNN money BBC Digital planet - Oxford University The O Reilly radar. European parliament Global top 20 wireless blogger According to fierce wireless www.opengardensblog.futuretext.com

3. Outline Web 2.0 Mobile Web 2.0 Learning Microlearning Widgets Emphasis on the 'how' A future - not THE future ..

4. A blue chair is a chair .. http://www.whittlepainters.com/images/avalon/black%20avalon.jpg http://www.latoys.com/new/images/16603_avalon-chair-blue.jpg A concept cannot exist in isolation. Mobile Web 2.0 must be defined in context of Web 2.0

5. What is Web 2.0? When Basecamp asked 1000 of their customers what Web 2.0 meant to them: 13% answered that they didn‘t know what it was 87% who answered yes on the question, nearly everybody came up with a different description

6. In good company! Tim Berners Lee: nobody even knows what it means

7. Hype from media .. Power is moving away from the old elite (Rupert Murdoch, CEO NewsCorp.) Our industry is facing a profound challenge from home-made content (Tom Glocer, CEO Reuters) Source: Arthur D. Little

8. Not a formula ! Soft concepts are more difficult to explain. Not a formula or an equation!! http://springprojectwhs.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/forumla.jpg

9. What is Web 2.0: Of elephants and blind men Like the parable of the blind men and the elephant, many see only one aspect of Web 2.0, but miss the big picture Image source: http://www.wordfocus.com/word-act-blindmen.html

10. Web 2.0 Web as a platform Harnessing collective intelligence Cons umption v.s. participation (user generated content) P u shing content o u t: cons uming content away from its source RSS, mashup, Widgets

11. Its not a 'Web' of mainframes! http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/roger.broughton/firmware/mainframe.htm Web as a platform: The Web / Open standards is the only true global unifying force - you can't build a 'Web' out of mainframes - powerful as they are!

12. Web 2.0 : Unifying theory of Web 2.0 Harnessing Collective Intelligence: Now becomes the 'main' principle. Think page rank: Global, Web based, Billions of individual contributions (information about web pages), Algorithm, Derived information commercially valuable

13. The resurgence of mobile browsing Mobile subscribers outnumber Internet users 2 to 1 Mobile phone subscriptions globally, millions Sources: *Nokia; **Morgan Stanley Research and Morgan Stanley Communications Equipment Research. 3B mobile subscribers in 2008 * 1B Internet users in 2005 ** 2B mobile subscribers in 2005 * 0 -92 -93 -94 -95 -96 -97 -98 -99 -00 -02 -01 -03 -04 -05 -08e 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000

14. Mobile : Now a first class citizen of the web Globally, at end of 2005, there were 2.1 billion mobile phones vs. 1.0 billion Internet users. Even amongst those one billion Internet users, over 200 million of them accessed the Internet via a mobile phone (mostly in Japan, China and South Korea). Mobile is now a first class citizen of the Web. More so, with Web 2.0 (Mobile Web 2.0)

15. What does it all mean? We now say that, Mobile web 2.0 extends the principle of ‘harnessing collective intelligence’ to mobile devices This seemingly simple idea of extending Web 2.0 to Mobile devices raises many questions, for example: a) What are the implications of extending the Web to mobile devices? b) As devices become creators and not mere consumers of information, What categories of intelligence can be captured/harnessed from restricted devices? c) What is the impact for services as devices start using the Web as a massive information repository and the PC as a local cache where services can be configured?

16. What does it all mean? When we extend this definition to ‘Mobile Web 2.0’ – there are two implications : a) The Web does not necessarily extend to mobile devices b) Even though the Web does not extend to mobile devices, intelligence can still be captured from mobile devices.

17. Capturing Mobile intelligence Capturing intelligence at the point of inspiration Tagging Unique data elements like location

18. Harnessing collective intelligence: Mobile devices (b) The web backbone – but not necessarily web protocols end to end (c) The PC: Selecting and configuring the service Mobile Web 2.0: Harnessing collective intelligence through restricted devices (a) – harnessing collective intelligence

19. Not ringtones etc (packaged content)! Mobile Web 2.0 != Packaged content (ringtones)

20. Good news and the bad news .. The good news is: There are more people with phones than PCs The bad news is: These phones have nothing in common except voice and SMS There are limitations to what you can do with voice and SMS The Web and specifically Widgets could be the common element That has implications for Microlearning

21. We live in a Widget Widget Web I believe we are living in a Widget Widget Web i.e. the Web as we know it has fragmented into a million pieces (Widgets) and these Widgets are being assembled into new, as yet undefined services. The concept of Widgets lends itself to the ideas of Microlearning very well. Widgets (both Web and Mobile) are ideally poised to exploit Microcontent and Microlearning – especially because they use open standards.

22. Mac Dashboard ..

23. Mac Dashboard ..

24. Mac Dashboard .. http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/dashboard/

25. Mobile Widgets - Web - Mobile bridge

26. Mobile Widgets - Nokia .. S60 Web run time Web standards - no Java, no flash Mobile Ajax + s60 web runtime

27. Mobile Widgets .. Using same code on mobile and desktop media type=handheld stylesheet The Web standards pay a key part

28. Widgets .. What is a widget? What is a widget made of(technically) - Javascipt, Ajax What is a mobile widget? Whats needed for a mobile widget? - Web Who is s upporting widgets and mobile widgets? Web / desktop widgets: Apple, Google, Microsoft, netvibes, Yahoo Mobile widgets: Opera, Nokia, Apple?

29. Microlearning Wikipedia definition: Microlearning deals with relatively small learning units and short-term learning activities. Conference definition: Microlearning is what people are doing, knowingly or not, when they face the challenge to find new information and build new knowledge in networked digital media environments. With e-mails, mobile phones, Google and the Web 2.0, they have to deal with small chunks of microcontent, loosely joined, permanently changing, re-arranging and circulating.

30. Microlearning We will have to find new mental and learning strategies , by analyzing and putting further the practices and behaviours new disruptive technologies are bringing with them. Microlearning is a catchphrase bundling a number of new technologies und applications relevant for e-learning, whose common denominator is the processing of digital microcontent . They tend towards dissolving the more static and macro-sized structures that have dominated our education and learning systems so far .

31. Intertwingularity Intertwingularity is a term coined by Ted Nelson to express the complexity of interrelations in human knowledge. (also created the word hypertext) Intertwingularity is not generally acknowledged, people keep pretending they can make things deeply hierarchical, categorizable and sequential when they can’t. Everything is deeply intertwingled. With a fragmented Web (and subsequently reused content away from its source) via Widgets, we see the fulfilment of Intertwingularity vision

32. Hierarchy is the opposite of a network .. Hierarchy is the opposite of a network . As networks emerge (the Internet, MySpace, facebook) - hierarchies break down. With fragmentation (widgets), comes aggregation (through a network). With a fragmented Web (and subsequently reused content away from its source) via Widgets, we see the fulfilment of Intertwingularity vision

33. Microlearning e-learning – replicated the classroom Traditionally e-learning modelled existing class room environments. They did not the use the Web and Mobile Web as it is tr uly intended. microlearning is m uch more natural because: Creative - fun - network oriented - the minds of the young are adapted to learning in that way - suited to their attention span - conflicting perspectives (critical thought) - Long tail education, education for the disenfranchised Tap into the collaborative, conversational exchanges in which today's students have become so fluent outside class are the best way to deliver learning inside it.(so urce: Wired)

34. Microlearning Both school level and higher ed. Some schools ban MySpace, Facebook etc. Others are incorporating it as part of their curicullum Personal learning environments -- mashup spaces comprising del.icio.us feeds, blog posts, podcast widgets -- whatever resources students need to document, consume or communicate their learning across disciplines.

35. Microlearning The widget model is attractive because of ease of development. Most widgets can be created with a few images using from less than ten to several hundred lines of XML/JavaScript/VBScript, depending on their complexity. screensavers, quizzes, flashcards, word of the day – in a networked environment spanning the Web and the Mobile Web Microlearning characteristics : short time, small content, complement curriculum, create into an ongoing process, informal, collaborative

36. Conclusions .. A holistic trend, not in isolation (networks, widgets, mobile) Extension of the continuous connectivity (esp. for kids) A wider socio economic impact – rise of networks, break down of hierarchies, Open standards go together Web 2.0 – pushing content out – leads naturally to microcontent Microcontent, microlearning and widgets go together

37. Conclusions .. Web is the unifier Mobile is a strong driver Network (community) is the enabler Widgets is the mechanism – especially within a network spanning the Web and the Mobile Web Widgets are suited to small chunks of information We already use them on the Web We will be using them on the Mobile Web

38. Sources .. http://www.wired.com/culture/education/news/2007/04/myspaceforschool http://www.smartmobs.com/archive/2007/06/16/nature_goes_bot....html http://halfanhour.blogspot.com/2006/06/adults-and-myspace.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_engine" http://www.pavingways.com/mobile-widgets-the-ubiquitous-mobile-web_84.html http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2006/09/01/8384338/index.htm?postversion=2006091105 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_widget

39. Thank You Thank You www.mobileweb20.futuretext.com [email_address] My UK mobile is : 00 44 7776 180 099 All images: Google images unless indicated otherwise