Mobile computing allows people to access network services from any location using portable wireless devices. It has two types of mobility: user mobility which follows the user between locations and devices, and device portability which involves moving the communication device. The document discusses the past, present and future of mobile computing technologies including wireless networks, devices like smartphones and PDAs, and challenges around mobility, security and heterogeneous networks. It provides examples of mobile computing applications in various industries.

1. MOBILE COMPUTING

2. Presentation outline
• Introduction on mobile computing
• Past of mobile computing
• Present of mobile computing
* Wireless LAN * GSM/GPRS/CDMA *Bluetooth
* Mobile IP * Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
* PDA/SmartPhone/Laptop * Sensor/Zigbee Mesh * RFID
* Security
• Future of mobile computing

3. INTRODUCTION
• Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our
desks, but many of today's mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to
carry around. In the next age of computing, there will be an explosion of
computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops.
• There are two different kinds of mobility: user mobility and device
portability. User mobility refers to a user who has access to the same or
similar telecommunication services at different places, i.e., the user can
be mobile, and the services will follow him or her. Examples for
mechanisms supporting user mobility are simple call-forwarding solutions
known from the telephone or computer desktops supporting roaming
(i.e., the desktop looks the same no matter which computer a user uses
to into the network)

4. • With device portability the communication device moves (with or
without a user). Many mechanisms in the network and inside the
device have to make sure that communication is still possible while it
is moving. A typical example for systems supporting device
portability is the mobile phone system

5. What is mobile computing?
• Mobile computing is to describe technologies that
• enable people to access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere,
• with portable and wireless computing and communication devices. --- (where is this
referenced? Provide citation!)
• Aspects of mobility
• User mobility
• Between different geographical locations
• Between different networks
• Between different communication devices
• Between different applications
• Device portability
• Between different geographical locations
• Between different networks

6. Mobile Computing vs. Ubiquitous
Computing/Pervasive Computing
• Mobile Computing is a generic term describing the application of small,
portable, and wireless computing and communication devices. This includes
devices like laptops with wireless LAN technology, mobile phones, wearable
computers and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) with Bluetooth or IRDA
interfaces, and USB flash drives.
• Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp, or sometimes ubiqcomp) integrates
computation into the environment, rather than having computers which are
distinct objects. Another term for ubiquitous computing is pervasive
computing. Promoters of this idea hope that embedding computation into the
environment would enable people to move around and interact with
computers more naturally than they currently do.

7. Applications of mobile computing
• Vehicles
• transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB
• personal communication using GSM
• position via GPS
• local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy
• vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance
• Medical
• Nurses/Doctors in Medical offices are now using Wireless Tablet PCs/WLAN to collect and share patient information.
• Sales
• Sales representatives are using Tablet PCs with Smart phones for presentation, transmitting/access information
among office, hotel, and customer location.
• Emergencies
• Early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first diagnosis
• Provide mobile infrastructure in dealing with Natural Disaster (earthquake, hurricane, fire), terrorist attacks, war, ...

8. Natural evolution of computing

9. Challenges in mobile computing
• Mobility means changes
• Hardware
• Lighter, smaller, energy management, user interface
• Low bandwidth, high bandwidth variability
• Kbit/s to Mbit/s, bandwidth fluctuation
• Security risk
• Devices more vulnerable, endpoint authentication harder
• Heterogeneous network
• Different devices, interfaces and protocols
• Location awareness
• Locality adaptation
• Higher loss-rates, higher delays, more jitter
• Connection setup time, hand-off
• Restrictive regulations of frequencies
• Frequencies have to be coordinated

10. Overview of mobile devices

11. Overview of wireless services

12. Mobile Computing Environment

13. Integrated mobile computing

15. CONCLUSION
Mobile Computing and Communications is useful for wireless
Networks. The study of different versions will give differences between
Mobile Computing and Communications, Access Control, Security etc.,
the traditional mobile phone only had a simple black and white text
display and could send / receive voice or short messages. Today,
however, mobile phones migrate more and more toward PDAs. Mobile
phones with full color graphic display, on the internet browser are
available