This document provides information about a benchmarking and portfolio manager workshop held in Minneapolis on May 6, 2015. The workshop was hosted by Katie Schmitt, Neal Ray, Lester Shen, and Jenny Edwards from the Center for Energy and Environment, with support from the MPCA. The workshop covered understanding benchmarking, complying with the Minneapolis ordinance, obtaining and entering utility and building data, and tips for reducing energy use. The agenda included introductions, step-by-step instructions for benchmarking, resources for saving energy, and more step-by-step guidance. The document provides detailed information to help attendees comply with the Minneapolis benchmarking requirements.
The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) is a nonprofit organization that conducts research on energy efficiency technologies and designs energy efficiency programs. CEE recently completed research projects on advanced rooftop HVAC controls and envelope aerosol sealing for multifamily buildings. For rooftop HVAC units, CEE tested optimization packages and found average electric savings of 10-15% but negative or insignificant gas savings. For multifamily buildings, aerosol sealing of unit envelopes reduced air leakage by 78-95% on average. CEE is continuing to research ways to commercialize aerosol sealing and lower its costs.
What cost-effective options are available for building owners interested in reducing their building’s energy use? CEE's Director of Engineering Services, Mark Hancock, P.E., will discuss rooftop unit retrofits as a scalable energy-saving approach and recommend next steps.
How Local Authorities can meet Net-Zero Carbon targets by 2030: Chris AntonIES VE
This document outlines Perth & Kinross Council's path to achieving net zero carbon emissions from its buildings. It discusses challenges such as decarbonizing the electricity grid and electrifying heat. It also describes the council's initial failings with energy modeling and steps taken to address them, including developing staff training, creating detailed modeling specifications, and improving post-occupancy evaluation. The document advocates for a fabric first approach and passivhaus standards to reduce energy consumption while acknowledging passivhaus has limitations and dynamic energy modeling is still required.
Energy Consulting Engineering 179D Energy Efficient Commercial Real Estate Ta...Kari Mueller, PE, LEED AP
This document provides information about section 179D of the tax code, which allows commercial building owners and designers of public buildings to receive tax deductions for making energy efficient improvements. It qualifies buildings that achieve at least 10% savings in lighting, HVAC systems, or building envelopes. A 50% reduction in overall energy usage provides a maximum $1.80/square foot deduction. The document outlines the qualification process, required documentation, eligible building types, examples of past percentage requirements, and case studies of projects that benefited from the deduction.
The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) is a nonprofit organization that conducts research on energy efficiency technologies and designs energy efficiency programs. CEE recently completed research projects on advanced rooftop HVAC controls and envelope aerosol sealing for multifamily buildings. For rooftop HVAC units, CEE tested optimization packages and found average electric savings of 10-15% but negative or insignificant gas savings. For multifamily buildings, aerosol sealing of unit envelopes reduced air leakage by 78-95% on average. CEE is continuing to research ways to commercialize aerosol sealing and lower its costs.
What cost-effective options are available for building owners interested in reducing their building’s energy use? CEE's Director of Engineering Services, Mark Hancock, P.E., will discuss rooftop unit retrofits as a scalable energy-saving approach and recommend next steps.
How Local Authorities can meet Net-Zero Carbon targets by 2030: Chris AntonIES VE
This document outlines Perth & Kinross Council's path to achieving net zero carbon emissions from its buildings. It discusses challenges such as decarbonizing the electricity grid and electrifying heat. It also describes the council's initial failings with energy modeling and steps taken to address them, including developing staff training, creating detailed modeling specifications, and improving post-occupancy evaluation. The document advocates for a fabric first approach and passivhaus standards to reduce energy consumption while acknowledging passivhaus has limitations and dynamic energy modeling is still required.
Energy Consulting Engineering 179D Energy Efficient Commercial Real Estate Ta...Kari Mueller, PE, LEED AP
This document provides information about section 179D of the tax code, which allows commercial building owners and designers of public buildings to receive tax deductions for making energy efficient improvements. It qualifies buildings that achieve at least 10% savings in lighting, HVAC systems, or building envelopes. A 50% reduction in overall energy usage provides a maximum $1.80/square foot deduction. The document outlines the qualification process, required documentation, eligible building types, examples of past percentage requirements, and case studies of projects that benefited from the deduction.
The document summarizes design considerations for renovating the historic Meier & Frank Delivery Depot building for a new tenant, Vestas. Key points discussed include:
- The design celebrates the contrast of the historic building fabric with a modern workplace environment.
- An atrium was proposed to address the challenge of no natural light penetration to the building core, providing light and improving collaboration between floors.
- Other challenges included the building being a full city block with no windows, and interior renovations requiring historic review.
- Additional topics covered include lighting approach, material efficiency, water efficiency, and improving the indoor environment. The general contractor discussed challenges around seismic upgrades, the historic status, and benefits of the
Health Business Services, HSE NZEB approach by Brendan ReddingtonSustainableEnergyAut
This document discusses requirements for nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) for public authorities in Ireland. New buildings owned and occupied by public authorities must be NZEB after December 31st 2018, and all new buildings will be required to be NZEB after December 2020. The purpose of the seminar is to launch the NZEB specification for public authorities. Major renovations will also need to meet energy efficiency requirements. The document outlines challenges in meeting these new standards for healthcare buildings, including infection control, glazing ratios, air tightness, renewables, and coordinating with CHP systems.
Energy Savings for Occupancy-Based Control of Variable-Air-Volume Systemsmelanie_bissonnette
This document proposes occupancy-based control of VAV systems and lighting to improve energy efficiency. It analyzes the potential savings from using common occupancy sensors and more advanced sensors to adjust minimum airflow, lighting, and thermostat setpoints based on occupancy. Simulation results show the advanced sensors yield greater savings than common sensors, reducing whole building energy use by up to 18% compared to 5.9% for common sensors. Significant savings come from reducing unnecessary reheating through improved minimum airflow control based on occupancy.
This document summarizes upcoming training events from Energy Trust of Oregon focused on high-performance building design and construction. It provides details on the Allies for Efficiency training series, which covers topics like energy modeling three times per year. An advanced AFE 2.0 series and Building Energy Simulation Forum also offer educational opportunities. Upcoming events in December and dates for the simulation forum through early 2017 are listed. The document encourages questions and provides contact information for inquiries about Energy Trust programs and becoming a New Buildings Ally.
Experts explain new multifamily auditing techniques, their scalability, what makes the energy savings cost-effective, where the programs can be most successful, and what non-energy benefits result from this work.
This document provides an overview of the Center for Energy and Environment's (CEE) work assessing and retrofitting central ventilation systems in multifamily buildings. CEE has experience evaluating over 2,000 multifamily buildings in Minnesota and has completed several research projects on optimizing multifamily ventilation funded by the Minnesota Department of Commerce. Their proposed process involves assessing existing ventilation system types like central exhaust and corridor supply systems, measuring airflow rates, identifying issues, and retrofitting systems like adjusting dampers or fan speeds to reduce excessive outdoor air intake and save energy. Feedback is sought on improving their proposed assessment and retrofit techniques.
How Local Authorities can meet Net-Zero Carbon targets by 2030: Niall Gibson ...IES VE
Niall Gibson, Business Development Manager and Colin Rees, Divisional Head of Consultancy, present on modelling for net-zero and IES Consulting experience.
Case Study: CBT Architects - Building Performance ModelingIES VE
CBT Architects present how they are integrating IES building performance analysis into their design process using the Fitchburg State Science Project as an example for this Case Study.
This an interesting insight into how this architectural firm is going about incorporating early stage analysis into their processes, BIM and working in a more integrated manner with the engineer.
The presentation is based on one given to a group from the Harvard Business School’s facilities and construction department.
Discussion on use of the Integrative Design Process (a new credit in LEED v4) to get to high levels of sustainable performance using a LEED Platinum project as an example
ASHRAE Virtual Design and Construction Conference March 2021- Development of ...Shanti Pless
National Renewable Energy Laboratory and partners are developing a shared national platform for process and product innovation on integrated mechanical pods. The platform aims to enable design, testing, and manufacturing of pods containing all-electric HVAC, solar, battery, and hot water systems. This would allow pods to be factory-built and integrated into modular construction. Presentations covered case studies on factory-built pods for zero-energy homes, design for manufacturing of pods, and using process modeling to optimize pod production. The goal is to advance modular construction through industrialized approaches like integrated mechanical pods.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a hydronic heating conference. It discusses the benefits of condensing boilers over conventional boilers, including increased efficiency from condensing combustion gases. It also notes research being conducted on optimizing condensing boiler installations in Minnesota homes to improve efficiency and contractor confidence. The research involves monitoring existing condensing boiler installations, retrocommissioning them to lower supply temperatures and better match load, and installing new boilers using developed quality installation protocols.
Allies for efficiency training chemeketa final lockedenergytrustor
The document summarizes a presentation about Chemeketa Community College's new Health Science Complex in Salem, Oregon, which was designed to achieve net zero energy use. The presentation covered the passive design strategies used in the project, including high-performance windows, insulation, shading, and nighttime ventilation. It also discussed the design process, challenges overcome during construction, and lessons learned from metering the building's energy performance, which showed it achieved its goal of net zero energy use through efficient design.
This document summarizes a research project studying condensing boilers. The project will monitor existing condensing boilers to optimize efficiency through lower supply temperatures and adjusted reset curves. A quality installation protocol will be developed based on these findings. Additional boilers will then be installed according to this protocol and monitored to estimate potential savings. Results will be disseminated through presentations, reports and working with utilities to promote efficient boiler installations. The goal is to increase confidence and savings from condensing boiler installations.
Energy and comfort modeling for the net zero rocky mountain institute headqua...energytrustor
The document provides information about energy and comfort modeling conducted for the Rocky Mountain Institute's net zero headquarters building in Basalt, Colorado. Some key points:
1) The project goals included achieving LEED Platinum and Living Building Challenge certification, as well as being net zero energy and meeting Architecture 2030 climate challenge goals.
2) Energy modeling was conducted using IES software to evaluate building envelope components, natural ventilation strategies, and thermal comfort conditions.
3) Natural ventilation was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and macro- and micro-flow simulations to determine airflow and resultant temperatures with open windows.
4) Thermal comfort modeling estimated the predicted mean vote (PMV) in different zones
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineersenergytrustor
The document provides an agenda and summary of updates from an Energy Trust of Oregon technical training meeting. The meeting covered updates to technical guidelines, including changes to baseline HVAC systems, pre-approved bundled measures, and pool dehumidification. It also discussed recent Oregon energy code changes and tools for building energy modeling like OpenStudio and EDAPT.
The document provides updates on various port development projects in Durban, South Africa. The Point Precinct project to construct a permanent sand bypass is nearing completion, with water and slurry commissioning 70% and 20% complete respectively and performance testing scheduled to begin in May 2017. Rehabilitation and deepening of berths at Maydon Wharf is ongoing. The Durban Container Terminal project involves deepening three berths, with detailed design complete and tendering 30% finished. Filling of Salisbury Island is in planning with environmental studies in progress. Several maintenance and upgrade projects at Bayhead Park under Operation Phakisa are in design or feasibility stages.
Whole Building Modeling Using OpenStudioenergytrustor
The document discusses tools for whole building energy modeling using OpenStudio. It summarizes baseline automation which takes a proposed building model and automatically generates a 90.1 Appendix G baseline model for comparison. It also discusses a parametric analysis tool (PAT 2.0) and OpenStudio's roadmap for 2017 which includes new capabilities like optimization, a web-based interface, and expanded support for advanced building controls.
2017 Multifamily Green Building Primer WebinarDominic Butler
This document provides an overview of new California energy codes, green policies, and programs that may impact multifamily properties. It discusses the 2016 Title 24 energy code requirements, the 2020 net-zero energy target, 2017 TCAC regulations, and additional funding sources and their green requirements. The presentation aims to help owners and managers identify and implement energy efficiency and sustainability projects to comply with codes and earn incentives while meeting capital return criteria.
Jenny Power from SEAI presents on a retrofit of a 1950s Crumlin Cottage from an F to an A2, presentation given at the Deep Retrofit conference 21st June 2017
Engagement Coordinator Megan Hoye gave a presentation on CEE's research projects to the American Institute of Architects Minnesota's, Committee on the Environment.
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote Shanti Pless
A review of our 3 sections in the Commercial Buildings Research Group from my ASHRAE Summer 2013 Keynote. http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/commercial.html
The document summarizes design considerations for renovating the historic Meier & Frank Delivery Depot building for a new tenant, Vestas. Key points discussed include:
- The design celebrates the contrast of the historic building fabric with a modern workplace environment.
- An atrium was proposed to address the challenge of no natural light penetration to the building core, providing light and improving collaboration between floors.
- Other challenges included the building being a full city block with no windows, and interior renovations requiring historic review.
- Additional topics covered include lighting approach, material efficiency, water efficiency, and improving the indoor environment. The general contractor discussed challenges around seismic upgrades, the historic status, and benefits of the
Health Business Services, HSE NZEB approach by Brendan ReddingtonSustainableEnergyAut
This document discusses requirements for nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) for public authorities in Ireland. New buildings owned and occupied by public authorities must be NZEB after December 31st 2018, and all new buildings will be required to be NZEB after December 2020. The purpose of the seminar is to launch the NZEB specification for public authorities. Major renovations will also need to meet energy efficiency requirements. The document outlines challenges in meeting these new standards for healthcare buildings, including infection control, glazing ratios, air tightness, renewables, and coordinating with CHP systems.
Energy Savings for Occupancy-Based Control of Variable-Air-Volume Systemsmelanie_bissonnette
This document proposes occupancy-based control of VAV systems and lighting to improve energy efficiency. It analyzes the potential savings from using common occupancy sensors and more advanced sensors to adjust minimum airflow, lighting, and thermostat setpoints based on occupancy. Simulation results show the advanced sensors yield greater savings than common sensors, reducing whole building energy use by up to 18% compared to 5.9% for common sensors. Significant savings come from reducing unnecessary reheating through improved minimum airflow control based on occupancy.
This document summarizes upcoming training events from Energy Trust of Oregon focused on high-performance building design and construction. It provides details on the Allies for Efficiency training series, which covers topics like energy modeling three times per year. An advanced AFE 2.0 series and Building Energy Simulation Forum also offer educational opportunities. Upcoming events in December and dates for the simulation forum through early 2017 are listed. The document encourages questions and provides contact information for inquiries about Energy Trust programs and becoming a New Buildings Ally.
Experts explain new multifamily auditing techniques, their scalability, what makes the energy savings cost-effective, where the programs can be most successful, and what non-energy benefits result from this work.
This document provides an overview of the Center for Energy and Environment's (CEE) work assessing and retrofitting central ventilation systems in multifamily buildings. CEE has experience evaluating over 2,000 multifamily buildings in Minnesota and has completed several research projects on optimizing multifamily ventilation funded by the Minnesota Department of Commerce. Their proposed process involves assessing existing ventilation system types like central exhaust and corridor supply systems, measuring airflow rates, identifying issues, and retrofitting systems like adjusting dampers or fan speeds to reduce excessive outdoor air intake and save energy. Feedback is sought on improving their proposed assessment and retrofit techniques.
How Local Authorities can meet Net-Zero Carbon targets by 2030: Niall Gibson ...IES VE
Niall Gibson, Business Development Manager and Colin Rees, Divisional Head of Consultancy, present on modelling for net-zero and IES Consulting experience.
Case Study: CBT Architects - Building Performance ModelingIES VE
CBT Architects present how they are integrating IES building performance analysis into their design process using the Fitchburg State Science Project as an example for this Case Study.
This an interesting insight into how this architectural firm is going about incorporating early stage analysis into their processes, BIM and working in a more integrated manner with the engineer.
The presentation is based on one given to a group from the Harvard Business School’s facilities and construction department.
Discussion on use of the Integrative Design Process (a new credit in LEED v4) to get to high levels of sustainable performance using a LEED Platinum project as an example
ASHRAE Virtual Design and Construction Conference March 2021- Development of ...Shanti Pless
National Renewable Energy Laboratory and partners are developing a shared national platform for process and product innovation on integrated mechanical pods. The platform aims to enable design, testing, and manufacturing of pods containing all-electric HVAC, solar, battery, and hot water systems. This would allow pods to be factory-built and integrated into modular construction. Presentations covered case studies on factory-built pods for zero-energy homes, design for manufacturing of pods, and using process modeling to optimize pod production. The goal is to advance modular construction through industrialized approaches like integrated mechanical pods.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a hydronic heating conference. It discusses the benefits of condensing boilers over conventional boilers, including increased efficiency from condensing combustion gases. It also notes research being conducted on optimizing condensing boiler installations in Minnesota homes to improve efficiency and contractor confidence. The research involves monitoring existing condensing boiler installations, retrocommissioning them to lower supply temperatures and better match load, and installing new boilers using developed quality installation protocols.
Allies for efficiency training chemeketa final lockedenergytrustor
The document summarizes a presentation about Chemeketa Community College's new Health Science Complex in Salem, Oregon, which was designed to achieve net zero energy use. The presentation covered the passive design strategies used in the project, including high-performance windows, insulation, shading, and nighttime ventilation. It also discussed the design process, challenges overcome during construction, and lessons learned from metering the building's energy performance, which showed it achieved its goal of net zero energy use through efficient design.
This document summarizes a research project studying condensing boilers. The project will monitor existing condensing boilers to optimize efficiency through lower supply temperatures and adjusted reset curves. A quality installation protocol will be developed based on these findings. Additional boilers will then be installed according to this protocol and monitored to estimate potential savings. Results will be disseminated through presentations, reports and working with utilities to promote efficient boiler installations. The goal is to increase confidence and savings from condensing boiler installations.
Energy and comfort modeling for the net zero rocky mountain institute headqua...energytrustor
The document provides information about energy and comfort modeling conducted for the Rocky Mountain Institute's net zero headquarters building in Basalt, Colorado. Some key points:
1) The project goals included achieving LEED Platinum and Living Building Challenge certification, as well as being net zero energy and meeting Architecture 2030 climate challenge goals.
2) Energy modeling was conducted using IES software to evaluate building envelope components, natural ventilation strategies, and thermal comfort conditions.
3) Natural ventilation was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and macro- and micro-flow simulations to determine airflow and resultant temperatures with open windows.
4) Thermal comfort modeling estimated the predicted mean vote (PMV) in different zones
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineersenergytrustor
The document provides an agenda and summary of updates from an Energy Trust of Oregon technical training meeting. The meeting covered updates to technical guidelines, including changes to baseline HVAC systems, pre-approved bundled measures, and pool dehumidification. It also discussed recent Oregon energy code changes and tools for building energy modeling like OpenStudio and EDAPT.
The document provides updates on various port development projects in Durban, South Africa. The Point Precinct project to construct a permanent sand bypass is nearing completion, with water and slurry commissioning 70% and 20% complete respectively and performance testing scheduled to begin in May 2017. Rehabilitation and deepening of berths at Maydon Wharf is ongoing. The Durban Container Terminal project involves deepening three berths, with detailed design complete and tendering 30% finished. Filling of Salisbury Island is in planning with environmental studies in progress. Several maintenance and upgrade projects at Bayhead Park under Operation Phakisa are in design or feasibility stages.
Whole Building Modeling Using OpenStudioenergytrustor
The document discusses tools for whole building energy modeling using OpenStudio. It summarizes baseline automation which takes a proposed building model and automatically generates a 90.1 Appendix G baseline model for comparison. It also discusses a parametric analysis tool (PAT 2.0) and OpenStudio's roadmap for 2017 which includes new capabilities like optimization, a web-based interface, and expanded support for advanced building controls.
2017 Multifamily Green Building Primer WebinarDominic Butler
This document provides an overview of new California energy codes, green policies, and programs that may impact multifamily properties. It discusses the 2016 Title 24 energy code requirements, the 2020 net-zero energy target, 2017 TCAC regulations, and additional funding sources and their green requirements. The presentation aims to help owners and managers identify and implement energy efficiency and sustainability projects to comply with codes and earn incentives while meeting capital return criteria.
Jenny Power from SEAI presents on a retrofit of a 1950s Crumlin Cottage from an F to an A2, presentation given at the Deep Retrofit conference 21st June 2017
Engagement Coordinator Megan Hoye gave a presentation on CEE's research projects to the American Institute of Architects Minnesota's, Committee on the Environment.
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote Shanti Pless
A review of our 3 sections in the Commercial Buildings Research Group from my ASHRAE Summer 2013 Keynote. http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/commercial.html
This document provides information on a pilot program to improve commercial energy code compliance in Minnesota. It discusses trends in other states' commercial energy code support programs and the issues addressed by the Minnesota pilot. The pilot uses two approaches - one for small, prescriptive projects and one for large, complex projects. It involves partner cities, provides tools and guidance to project teams, and evaluates the energy savings and benefits. The goal is to establish an effective precedent for commercial energy code support in Minnesota.
CEE and Seventhwave lead a rapid-fire discussion of innovative tech and program approaches, and the most meaningful recent research findings for utility representatives, efficiency program implementers, and both residential and commercial field experts.
Blake Lapthorn's green breakfast with guest speaker Keeran Jugdoyal, Faithful...Blake Morgan
On Wednesday 13 November 2013, Blake Lapthorn's climate change team hosted a green breakfast seminar. Guest speaker Keeran Jugdoyal, Mechanical Engineering Manager at Faithful+Gould, talked about the lessons his company has learnt about the end use of sustainable buildings.
The presentation discusses Massachusetts' Accelerated Energy Program which manages energy efficiency and renewable energy projects across the state's large portfolio of over 80 million square feet of facilities, in order to reduce energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in support of the state's energy and sustainability goals. The program has completed energy efficiency upgrades and retrofits at hundreds of sites across the state, achieving over $8 million in annual energy savings so far with a projected $42 million in annual savings, and plans to continue advancing performance through innovative technologies and partnerships.
Digital Solutions for Zero-Carbon: Limerick #ActOnClimateIES VE
This World Green Building Week 2020 presentation looked at the trend towards digitisation of the built environment and how it also holds the key for the industry to truly #ActOnClimate. Bringing to life how Digital Twins have practically been applied in Limerick to create not just a net-zero carbon block, but one that produces more energy than it actually consumes.
This document summarizes a pilot program conducted by CenterPoint Energy and the Center for Energy and Environment to increase participation in whole-home upgrades among customers of the Home Energy Squad program. The pilot provided on-site bids, energy assessments with an infrared camera, and follow-up from energy advisors to motivate customers to complete air sealing and insulation upgrades. Preliminary results found that pilot participants were over 7 times more likely to pursue upgrades compared to the control group. Upgrades from pilot participants also achieved higher energy savings per job. A cost-effectiveness analysis found the pilot program was cost-effective from both utility and societal perspectives compared to separate direct install and upgrade programs.
Discuss the relative strengths of common distributed generation technologies: photovoltaic, solar thermal and fuel cells. Participants will learn the true costs and benefits of a wide range of distributed generation technologies and how they compliment energy-efficiency measures.
This webinar discussed research into optimizing the operation of indoor public pool facilities in Minnesota to save energy. The research characterized over 2,000 indoor pools statewide, conducted in-depth evaluations at 6 sites, and identified key savings opportunities. Statewide, HVAC control upgrades had the largest potential savings. Operational improvements like adjusting temperature and humidity setpoints and installing pool covers could also significantly reduce energy use. The webinar provided recommendations for utility programs and introduced guides developed for pool operators and recommissioning providers.
GTC is an energy services firm that works to reduce facility operating costs through energy efficiency solutions. They bring together various disciplines to develop and promote efficiency projects, funded through savings. GTC performs energy audits to measure consumption, identify savings opportunities, install efficient equipment, and provide ongoing monitoring. Their goal is to provide clients benefits like lower operating expenses, increased property values, and compliance with emissions regulations. Case studies show GTC's audits have identified many potential projects with short payback periods and large savings potentials for clients like a bottling plant and hospital.
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a fundamental component in modern electronics that serves as a platform for assembling and connecting electronic components. It provides a solid foundation for the interconnection of various electronic elements, including integrated circuits (ICs), resistors, capacitors, and other passive and active components.
The construction of a PCB typically involves a thin board made of non-conductive material, often fiberglass reinforced with epoxy resin or other laminates. The surface of the board is coated with a layer of copper, which serves as the conductive material for the electrical pathways.
PCB design involves a meticulous layout of conductive traces, which form the pathways for electrical signals to flow between components. These traces are usually etched onto the copper layer through a process of chemical etching or mechanical milling. The layout of the traces is determined by the circuit schematic, aiming to minimize signal interference, optimize signal integrity, and ensure efficient electrical connectivity.
In addition to the conductive traces, a PCB features various other elements. These include pads and vias. Pads are small areas of exposed copper where electronic components are soldered onto the board. Vias are holes drilled through the board that connect different layers of the PCB, facilitating the routing of traces between them.
PCBs can have multiple layers, ranging from single-sided boards with components mounted on one side, to double-sided and multi-layer boards, which have components mounted on both sides and multiple layers of conductive traces sandwiched between insulating layers.
The manufacturing process for PCBs involves several steps, including design and layout, fabrication of the board itself, application of the copper layer, etching or milling of the traces, drilling of holes for components and vias, and finally, assembly of components onto the board through soldering or other methods.
PCBs are essential in a wide range of electronic devices, from simple consumer electronics like calculators and remote controls to complex systems like computers, smartphones, and medical equipment. Their compact design, reliability, and scalability make them indispensable in the world of modern electronics, enabling the creation of increasingly sophisticated and efficient electronic devices.
Nov 25, 2014 Hydro Ottawa Breakfast: Beyond the IncentiveAnne Patenaude
Make the most of your retrofit by getting the largest incentive possible, receiving your cheque quicker and leveraging your achievements. This event is for both contractors and customers to connect and take advantage of available opportunities.
8:00 am – 8:05 am Opening Remarks
Bruce Bibby, Manager, Conservation & Demand Management, Hydro Ottawa
8:05 am – 8:20 am Conservation in 2015
Richard Thorne, Supervisor, Conservation & Demand Management, Hydro Ottawa
8:20 am – 8:45 am Deep Energy Retrofit: University of Ottawa Case Study
Daniel Gosselin, Senior Project Manager, MHPM Project Managers Inc.
8:45 am – 8:55 am Retrofit Tips and Tools
Richard Thorne, Supervisor, Conservation & Demand Management, Hydro Ottawa
8:55 am – 9:00 am Closing Remarks
Bruce Bibby, Manager, Conservation & Demand Management, Hydro Ottawa
C&I customers represent a substantial opportunity for load reduction, but the key is to incentivize projects with excellent performance, economics, and impact. Intelligent LED systems are redefining the lighting category and displacing legacy technologies with proven results.
The webinar, presented by Michael Feinstein from Digital Lumens, will cover the following topics:
• Industrial lighting technology review
• Intelligent LED System overview
• 90% energy reduction – the economics of intelligent LEDs
• Large C&I lighting customers – retrofit & new construction case studies
• Future of intelligent LED lighting
Mike Feinstein is responsible for leading the Digital Lumens sales and marketing teams and has had extensive experience in the entrepreneurial and investment worlds, most recently as Managing Director of Sempre Management. Previously, he was a General Partner at Venrock Associates and Atlas Venture, where he served on the boards of start-ups including Boston-Power, Ciclon Semiconductor (acquired by Texas Instruments), CircleLending, WaveSmith Networks (acquired by CIENA Corp.) and Quantum Bridge Communications (acquired by Motorola). Michael holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT.
This presentation is part of the Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance Industrial Webinar Series. Find out more at http://www.midwestindustrial.org.
The document provides information about an Energy Savings Performance Contracting webinar hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy's Technical Assistance Program. It discusses the role and purpose of an Investment Grade Audit in the ESPC process. Key points covered include what an IGA entails, how to ensure IGA success, the importance of establishing an energy baseline, and what to expect in an IGA report. The webinar aims to help state and local grantees better understand the IGA process to facilitate energy efficiency projects.
The document provides an overview of the San Diego Retrocommissioning Program. It describes retrocommissioning as improving building performance through low-cost operational and maintenance improvements. The program offers free building assessments, incentives for implementing efficiency measures, and documentation support. It has achieved energy and demand savings of 9-20% on average in participating buildings. A case study highlights over $270,000 in annual cost savings from retrocommissioning measures implemented at the Marriott Downtown & Marina.
The document discusses Energy Fit Homes, a program that certifies existing homes in Minnesota as energy efficient. It aims to make energy efficiency visible and drive demand for cost-effective upgrades. Homes are given an Energy Fitness Score based on categories like insulation and heating systems. To certify, homes must score 96+ and meet requirements in areas like attics, walls, heating and ventilation. Over 7,000 homes have been scored so far, with 253 certified. On average, certified homes save $250-400 annually on energy costs. The program aims to expand through partnerships with utilities, cities, and realtors.
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
In the fourth year of benchmarking, Minneapolis is releasing individual building results for public commercial buildings greater than 25,000 sq.ft. and private commercial buildings 50,000 sq.ft. and greater in size.
Similar to Minneapolis Benchmarking and Portfolio Manager Workshop (20)
The document summarizes a field study of 8 cold-climate air-source heat pumps (ccASHPs) installed in Minnesota homes. It found that the ccASHPs performed as expected for heating, with annual COPs lower than ratings due to auxiliary heat use. Flex fuel ccASHPs could heat below 5°F while all-electric systems could heat below -13°F. Installations of ccASHPs showed potential for 40-60% reductions in site energy use, emissions and costs compared to propane or electric resistance heating. The study demonstrated ccASHPs can provide beneficial electrification in Minnesota.
This document summarizes research on cold-climate air-source heat pumps conducted in Minnesota homes. Eight heat pumps were monitored, including six ducted whole-home systems and two ductless mini-split systems. The heat pumps performed well down to 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit for ducted systems and below -13F for ductless. Annual COPs were 1.2-2.1, providing energy savings of 40-60% compared to electric resistance or propane heating. Paybacks were estimated at 6 years or less when paired with replacing an existing heating or cooling system. Further research is needed to optimize controls and expand applications to multifamily buildings.
The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) provided information to the House Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee. CEE takes a data-driven, community-based, and consumer-focused approach to reducing energy waste through programs, services, policy work, and technical research. CEE has award-winning efficiency programs across Minnesota that have saved customers over $7.3 million annually in one representative's district. CEE advocates for legislative initiatives that integrate efficient fuel switching, demand response, and a clean energy first approach into Minnesota's conservation programs.
The document discusses achieving a healthy low-carbon economy in Minnesota. It identifies three keys: maximizing energy efficiency, decarbonizing electricity supply by retiring coal and other high-carbon plants, and strategic electrification of parts of the economy like transportation and buildings. Maximizing efficiency can save significant amounts of energy and avoid infrastructure costs. Decarbonizing electricity supply is critical as over 95% of the state's power sector emissions come from plants that will retire in the next 20 years. Strategic electrification technologies like heat pumps, electric vehicles, and buses can reduce emissions if deployed in a way that reduces energy use and costs and does not excessively increase peak demand.
This document summarizes a field study of 8 cold-climate air-source heat pumps (ccASHPs) installed in Minnesota homes. 6 units were ducted whole-home systems while 2 were ductless mini-splits. Instrumentation monitored performance of the heat pumps and backup systems. Results found ducted units could provide heat down to 5-10°F while ductless units operated below -13°F. Ducted flexible fuel ccASHPs improved annual COP to 1.3 and reduced propane use by 60% compared to condensing furnaces. Ductless ccASHPs achieved annual COPs of 2.1, reducing energy and costs by 55% versus electric resistance heat. The study concluded
This document summarizes research on the cost effectiveness of condensing boilers. Field research was conducted on existing condensing boilers, which found average efficiencies of 90%. Retrocommissioning actions like lowering supply temperatures and adjusting reset curves improved efficiencies by 1-3%. On average, condensing boilers provided 13% annual savings over standard boilers. The average price difference of $2,300 between condensing and standard boilers means condensing boilers have a simple 25-year payback and are cost effective over the lifetime of the unit, with a path to a 10-year payback.
This document summarizes the results of a pilot program that provided commercial energy code compliance services through plan review and design team support. The program worked with cities and design teams on several commercial building projects. It found that targeted tools and building-specific assistance helped capture energy savings cost-effectively. Providing support to city reviewers also had more success recruiting participants with lower marketing costs. Overall, the pilot demonstrated significant potential for energy savings through improved commercial building energy code compliance.
Leveraging existing home inspections at time-of-sale to promote energy upgrades. Presentation given at ACEEE 2018 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.
Here are some key considerations for utility EV charging programs based on the discussion:
- A single network provider can simplify program administration and enable integrated demand response capabilities across different charging locations and hardware options. However, it may limit customer choice.
- Make-ready incentives and rebates with multiple qualified network providers gives more customer choice but makes demand response coordination challenging if networks are not interoperable.
- Utility ownership of charging infrastructure allows more direct control over demand response but may require larger upfront investment compared to make-ready incentives.
- Analyzing customized charging data from a single network can provide valuable insights for utilities to better understand customer needs and charging behaviors.
This document summarizes the results of a field study evaluating the performance of transport membrane humidifiers (TMHs) retrofitted to standard efficiency furnaces. The study found that TMHs increased furnace efficiency by 9% for space heating and humidification by adding over 10,500 BTUs per hour. TMHs also improved indoor humidity levels during cold weather without risk of over-humidification. Total installed costs for TMHs were estimated between $1,400-$1,900 with payback periods of 3.9-17.3 years depending on location and energy savings from both heating and humidification. The document concludes that TMHs are a cost-effective alternative to upgrading older furnaces but challenges remain in commercializing the
This document summarizes research on automated house sealing using aerosolized sealants. Key points:
- Air sealing homes can reduce energy use by 30% by reducing air leakage. Aerosol sealing provides an effective way to thoroughly seal homes.
- Field tests with builders showed aerosol sealing reliably achieved tightness standards, reducing leakage by 54-95% in new construction and 39-88% in existing homes.
- Two sealing options were evaluated: sealing after or before insulation. Both reduced leakage by 70-75% but sealing before insulation allowed sealing of more areas.
- The research aims to integrate aerosol sealing into standard construction practices to lower costs and improve performance of home tight
This webinar summarized a research project that evaluated the effectiveness of demand control recirculation systems in commercial hot water applications. Demand control systems use sensors and controls to reduce hot water recirculation pump runtime when hot water is not being used. The project monitored 6 sites before and after installing demand control systems. On average, the systems reduced thermal energy use by 14-18% and pump electricity use by 70-96%, saving $125-1356 per year depending on the site. The simple payback for the control systems was 1-2 years for larger sites and 10-20 years for smaller sites.
Energy Fit Homes is a certificate program administered by the Center for Energy and Environment, designed specifically for existing homes in Minnesota and is focused exclusively on energy efficient upgrades that are cost-effective to the homeowner.
The presentation includes background information on building science and the benefits of Energy Fit Homes for both homeowners and Realtors®. Real estate professionals who attended the presentation received the tools needed to start integrating the program into their Realtor® client services.
There’s growing awareness that perhaps the only practical pathway to achieving Minnesota’s deep decarbonization goal is through a combination of steps.
Research lead discusses how new generation air source heat pumps perform in Minnesota’s colder climate, how to best integrate air source heat pumps into utility efficiency programs, and how this new technology has the potential to create new business opportunities in the building and design world.
Research identifying common issues affecting the effectiveness of Energy Recovery Ventilation in Minnesota buildings and developing a protocol to optimize their performance.
Webinar sharing report findings including aerosol sealing cost-effectiveness in multifamily buildings and recommendations on how utilities and contractors can take advantage of this new sealing application.
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of May 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
Discovering Digital Process Twins for What-if Analysis: a Process Mining Appr...Marlon Dumas
This webinar discusses the limitations of traditional approaches for business process simulation based on had-crafted model with restrictive assumptions. It shows how process mining techniques can be assembled together to discover high-fidelity digital twins of end-to-end processes from event data.
Minneapolis Benchmarking and Portfolio Manager Workshop
1. MINNEAPOLIS BENCHMARKING &
PORTFOLIO MANAGER WORKSHOP
Katie Schmitt, Neal Ray, Lester Shen, and Jenny Edwards
Center for Energy and Environment
May 6, 2015
2. Pg. 2
Minneapolis Benchmarking Partners
• City of Minneapolis
Brendon Slotterback and Patrick Hanlon
• Center for Energy and Environment
Katie Schmitt, Lester Shen, Jenny
Edwards, Neal Ray
• With support from the MPCA
3. Pg. 3
Learning Objectives
• Understand benchmarking
• Complying with the ordinance
• Obtaining data
• Entering data
• Energy reduction tips
45. Pg. 45
Summary of Minneapolis Requirements
• Submit by June 1, 2015
• All space types except for residential and industrial
• Electricity, natural gas, steam, hot water, chilled water,
municipal water
• Submit summary data to Minneapolis through a
Portfolio Manager data request
• City does not require certified ENERGY STAR score
• City will publicly disclose summary statistics after 1
year grace period
46. Pg. 46
Resources
• CEE Help Website
• http://benchmarking.mncee.org/
• Portfolio Manager and Utility Data Guides
• FAQ (updated regularly!)
• Benchmarking Help line and email
• mplsenergystar@minneapolismn.gov or (612) 673-3091.
• EPA Portfolio Manager 101 webinars
• http://www.energystar.gov/buildings/training
• Retired Engineers Technical Assistance (ReTAP)
• (612) 781-1307 or mvennewitz@yahoo.com
• ENERGY STAR Help Center
• https://portfoliomanager.energystar.gov/pm/help
60. Pg. 60
Gross Floor Area
• Total size between exterior surfaces
• Includes elevator shafts, but not pipe and ventilation
chases
• Not the same as rentable space
• Leased spaced included in gross square footage
(GSF)
• Atriums calculated by base floor only
• Parking garages/lots are included if under building
utility meter but entered separately
Thanks to Leah Hiniker, Hennepin County Energy Manager
61. Pg. 61
Average Occupancy
• Percentage reflecting the occupancy of the property
• Measured as the percentage of the property that is
occupied and operational
• Used to account for vacant or unused space in the
property
65. Pg. 65
Weekly Operating Hours
• Total hours property is occupied by a majority of the
employees
• Not hours occupied by support staff (security,
maintenance, cleaners)
• Not the same as the HVAC schedule
• Follow most common schedule for varied schedule
Thanks to Leah Hiniker, Hennepin County Energy Manager
80. Pg. 80
Minneapolis Building and Property ID Numbers
Your IDs are included in the notification letter sent from
the City or download from http://benchmarking.mncee.org
81. Pg. 81
Property Type Tips and Reminders
• Property type(s) and details will determine your
ENERGY STAR score
• You can not use defaults if you want a certified
ENERGY STAR score
• Data centers are larger facilities with > 75 servers and
separate CRAC; do not include server closets
• Some property use details that matter include
operating hours, computers, and percent heated
82. Pg. 82
Gross Floor Area Reminders
• Gross floor area is measured from exterior walls
• Not the same as leasable space
• Includes all common and tenant spaces
• Only include atrium base floor area
• Good idea to include skyway floor area – energy use
will be included
• Should be similar to the floor area on file with the city –
though not if portions of the building are exempt.
86. Pg. 86
Resources for Saving Energy
• Contact account manager for information regarding
programs
• Some of the offerings include
• Online Energy Assessment
• On-Site Assessment
• Recommissioning
• Full offering available on Website
• www.xcelenergy.com
• Energy Solutions >Solutions for Your Business
87. Pg. 87
Resources for Saving Energy
• Account manager is best source for information
• Some offerings
• Energy-saving advice (tips, checklists)
• Boiler tune-ups
• Steam traps
• Natural Gas Energy Analysis
• Recommissioning
• www.centerpointenergy.com
• Home > Natural Gas > Business > Minnesota > Rebates for
Business
88. Pg. 88
Technical Terminology for EBCx
• ReCommissioning and/or RetroCommissioning (RCx)
• Repair to, or optimization of, building operations (schedules,
procedures), equipment, facilities, or systems to primarily
enhance energy efficiency
• RCx generally focuses on major building systems (building
envelope, HVAC, and controls), targeting quick payback and
often, relatively quick turnaround, energy conservation
opportunities.
91. Pg. 91
Support for EBCx
• National Study, 2009
• 186 project, various bldg types
• Average energy cost savings 10-15%
• Paybacks under 2 years
Mills, et al. 2009. Building Commissioning – A Golden Opportunity for Reducing Energy
Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory Report LBNL – 56637.
92. Pg. 92
Potential Scope of Existing Work
Article Highlights
+ 40% of all GHG come from building
sector
+ Survey in 2000 suggested that 0.03% of
existing buildings have been RCX
+ Half of all RCX is happening in California
+ RCX has potential to save $30 billion a
year and 300 million tons of GHG
emissions.
San Francisco Chronicle, Sunday Sept 6 2009
93. Pg. 93
Case Studies
• Reduced energy costs in office building
• 525,000 sqft
• Cost: $185,960
• Savings: $143,000
• Payback: < 1.3 yr
• Building is now
Energy Star Certified
94. Pg. 94
Case Studies
• Reduced energy costs in hospital
• 600,000 sqft
• Cost: $208,000
• Savings: $180,800
• Payback: 1.2 yr
96. Pg. 96
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 10. Improve boiler efficiency/controls
97. Pg. 97
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 10. Improve boiler efficiency/controls
• 9. Reset supply air static pressure set-points
98. Pg. 98
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 10. Improve boiler efficiency/controls
• 9. Reset supply air static pressure set-points
• 8. Terminal unit tune-ups - dampers & valves
99. Pg. 99
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 10. Improve boiler efficiency/controls
• 9. Reset supply air static pressure set-points
• 8. Terminal unit tune-ups - dampers & valves
• 7. Return VFD’s to variable speed operation
100. Pg. 100
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 10. Improve boiler efficiency/controls
• 9. Reset supply air static pressure set-points
• 8. Terminal unit tune-ups - dampers & valves
• 7. Return VFD’s to variable speed operation
• 6. Lower condenser water temps/improve chiller
sequencing
101. Pg. 101
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 5. Calibrate sensors and instrumentation
102. Pg. 102
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 5. Calibrate sensors and instrumentation
• 4. System level test & balance (over air, over
pumping)
103. Pg. 103
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 5. Calibrate sensors and instrumentation
• 4. System level test & balance (over air, over
pumping)
• 3. Optimize/restore economizer operation
104. Pg. 104
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
• 5. Calibrate sensors and instrumentation
• 4. System level test & balance (over air, over
pumping)
• 3. Optimize/restore economizer operation
• 2. Eliminate simultaneous heating and cooling
105. Pg. 105
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
And the #1 Opportunity for saving
Energy…..
106. Pg. 106
Top Ten Energy Savings Opportunities
And the #1 Opportunity for saving
Energy…..
• 1. Turn off equipment when not
needed (scheduled start/stop)
121. Pg. 121
Energy & Water Tips and Reminders
• You will need 13* bills covering all days in 2014
• *14 billing cycles if no meter start date
• Use the spreadsheet upload function in Portfolio
Manager
• Use indoor and outdoor water
• Steam units: billed in “MLBS” – which means
thousand pounds; this is the same as “kLbs” in PM
• If you have interruptible service and used propane or
diesel, you will need to include those fuels as well. Use
delivery dates and volumes that cover 2014.
123. Pg. 123
Obtaining Your Utility Data
• Must include all commercial spaces in the building
(including tenants)
• Tenants are required to provide data, according to City
ordinance
• You cannot get tenant data directly without permission
(except for Xcel and you have more than 15 tenants).
124. Pg. 124
Obtaining Tenant Data Options
• Obtain signed release form and request from utility
• Ask for data directly from tenant
1. Tenant can provide bills
2. Tenant can use online access
3. Tenant can provide you with online access
• Step-by-step instructions at:
• http://benchmarking.mncee.org/compliance/
125. Pg. 125
Xcel My Account
https://myaccount.xcelenergy.com/
Business Solutions Center: 1-800-481-4700
126. Pg. 126
Xcel My Account (Green Button)
https://myaccount.xcelenergy.com/
133. Pg. 133
Note on CPE Usage Data
• If you buy your gas through a marketer, there is a
chance your total use will not be available by logging
in to the CPE site. If you show cost but not use, call
your CenterPoint account representative.
134. Pg. 134
NRG District Steam Usage Data
Usage
Reminder: This is equivalent to “kLbs”
136. Pg. 136
Note on district energy costs
• If you decide to include cost, note that natural gas and
steam costs are not apples-to-apples
• NRG costs will include equipment and some O&M.
• You will be able to compare your building’s energy
costs to itself, but not across a portfolio of different
buildings on different fuels.
143. Pg. 143
What if a meter serves more than my
eligible floor area?
• For example, a water meter serves building
commercial and residential space
• You will have to estimate off the usage from the
exempt space
146. Pg. 146
ENERGY STAR Certification
http://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-
buildings/earn-recognition/energy-star-certification/how-app-1
• Your building must be
>50% of the property type
• Certifying entity requires
AIA or PE license
147. Pg. 147
Step-by-Step
1. Sign up for Portfolio Manager
2. Collect and enter Building Data
3. Collect and enter Utility Data
4. Submit your data
148. Pg. 148
Submit your data to Minneapolis
• Only a summary of your Property will be submitted
• Items included in data request
• Building Address & Property ID
• Property type, floor area, year built
• ENERGY STAR Score (if applicable)
• Site and source EUI
• Total GHG Emissions
• Water Use Intensity
155. Pg. 155
Where to go for Help
• CEE Help Website
• http://benchmarking.mncee.org/
• Portfolio Manager How-to guide
• Utility data request guides & tenant release forms
• FAQ
• Email and help line for custom questions
• Link to submit your data to Minneapolis
• EPA Portfolio Manager glossary and help email
• City Environmental Services Website
• http://minneapolismn.gov/energybenchmarking