2. What て form is used before…
• te-form + います。 = be …ing
• 雨がふっています。
• 京都に住んでいます。
• te-form + ください。 = Please …
• te-form + もいいですか。 = May I …? / Is it all right to…?
• te-form + もいいです。 = you may …/you are allowed to…
• te-form + はいけません。 = you must not to…
• te-form + から = after …ing
• … te-form, …te-form = … and then …
3. Group 1 verbs
Most of verbs are belong to group 1
When you change Group 1 verbs to て form…….
Step 1 drop ます
Step 2 if they are い、ち、り, you replace this with って
if they are み、び、に, you replace this with んで
if they are き, you replace this with いて
if they are ぎ, you replace this with いで
if they are し, you replace this with して
4. Group 2: There aren’t many verbs in group 2. You may as well remember
them when you come across. It is a little complicated as some verbs are
similar to group 1 verbs. However, there are 2 ways to recognise them.
Type 1: a verb has an えsound (for example, け、せ、べ、め、れ) before ます
Type 2: a verb has an いsound (for example, き、み)before ます
Conjugation (how to change a form) of group 2 is very simple.
Step 1: Drop ます Step 2: Add て
5. Finally, Group 3 verbs. There are just 2 in this group. You
just have to remember how they conjugate.
6. Plain past form
Step 1: Change verbs to て form
Step 2: Change て・で to た・だ
聞きます
読みます
見ます
します
→聞いて →聞いた
→読んで →読んだ
→見て →見た
→して →した
8. Plain past form
• Plain past form + ことがあります。 = I have done something before
(experience)
• 日本に行ったことがあります。
• すしを食べたことがあります。
• 海で泳いだことがあります。
• バンジージャンプをしたことがあります。
14. Plain past form
• …plain past form + り、 …plain past from +りします。 = do things like
…ing, and …ing
• 休みの日は、テニスをしたり、散歩に行ったりします。
• 休みの日は、散歩に行ったり、テニスをしたりします。
• イギリスで、ビッグベンを見たり、フィッシュアンドチップスを食べたりしました。
• 日本に行って、すしを食べたり、富士山を見たりしたいです。
• 朝、起きてから、コーヒーを飲んだり、大学の準備をしたりします。
• 大学で、日本語を勉強したり、試験を受けたりしなければなりません。
22. たくや:Jane, one month has passed (たちます) already (もう) since you came to Japan.
Have you got used to (なれます) Japan already?
ジェーン: Yes, I got used to it a little. Japanese is difficult but I am speaking it everyday so I became a bit better.
たくや: Did you? That was good. Have you made (できます) friends?
ジェーン: Yes. I made many. Because I am living in university’s dorm, there are people from various countries.
たくや: Are there? That sounds fun (楽しそうです). But is it not hard?
ジェーン: Yes, I guess so. It is a little tough. For example, cleaning and washing clothes and so on.
たくや: Why is it?
ジェーン: On their day off, everyone wants to do things like clearing and washing clothes so everyone use a
hoover (vacuum cleaner) and a washing machine.
たくや: I see…(なるほど) But, don’t you do things like going to town and playing with your friends on your day off?
ジェーン: Yes, I do. I went up the Tokyo sky tree last Sunday. Since I don’t like higher places, I got scared.
たくや: Oh, did you? I like higher places. Where do you want to go next weekend?
ジェーン: Well….. I want to go to famous temples and shrines. For example, I want to go to Senso-ji in Asakusa.
たくや: Do you? Are temples interesting? There are many temples and shrines in Japan so it’s boring.
ジェーン: That’s not true (そんなことはありません). Because it is big and quiet,
I become a calmer.(おだやかなきぶん)
たくや:hmmm… is it? Oh, my birthday soon. Would you like to come to my birthday party?
ジェーン: Pardon? Party? It is unusual to have a birthday party in japan. I would like to go.
たくや: Adults won’t do a birthday party much but I know may foreign friends, so I want to introduce them.
ジェーン: Oh, that sounds good. You will be busy with a party preparation.
たくや: Yes, but I’m looking forward to it. ジェーン: That’s true. Well, I’m looking forward to the party.