7. Plain past/plain negative past + ‘ら’
• This is used for spoken situation.
• This conditional form is more closer meaning to
English.
• It is often translated as ‘if’, ‘when’, ‘once’ or ‘after’
• It is used when the first action/condition has
completed/met, then 2nd action may happen. In other
words, if the first action hasn’t happened, then 2nd
action will never happen.
• たら CAN take volitional expressions.
• たら expresses more of an action happens once
rather than repetitive action
• When it is used in the past tense, it expresses
‘discover’ or ‘coincidence’.
• Some of sentence using と can be re-written in たら
(meaning is the same)
8. Plain past/plain negative past + ‘ら’
• 午後になったら、買い物に行きましょう。
• Let’s go shopping when it becomes in the
afternoon. (1st condition has met, completion)
• 明日、雨が降らなかったら、ドライブしましょう。
• If it didn’t rain tomorrow, let’s drive. (supposition)
• もし、ロッタリーがあたったら、城(しろ)を買います。
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a castle. (supposition)
• 病気だったら、学校に来ないでください。
• If you are ill, please do not come to school. (supposition)
Supposition – you don’t know if it
happens or not, but if it happens….
9. Plain past/plain negative past + ‘ら’
• もしうるさかったら、言ってください。
• If it was noisy, please tell me. (condition)
• 夏休みになったら、フランスに行きませんか。
• When it becomes a summer holiday, would
you like to go to France? (1st condition
happens, completion)
• きれいだったら、それを使います。
If it is clean, I will use it. (condition)
10. 時間があると、映画を見に行きましょう。(will, intention)
時間があったら、映画を見に行きましょう。
時間があると、映画を見に行きたいです。(hope, wish)
時間があったら、映画を見に行きたいです。
時間があると、映画を見に行きませんか。(invitation)
時間があったら、映画を見に行きませんか。
時間があると、ちょっと手伝ってください(request)
時間があったら、ちょっと手伝ってください。
Plain past/plain negative past + ‘ら’
Conditional form 「と」 COULD NOT be used with
‘will, intention, hope, wish, invitation, request’ but
「たら」CAN!!
17. たら with useful expressions
• たらいいです = it would be nice if, I hope, I wish
• 暖かいですから、春に日本に行ったらいいです。
– It is warm, therefore, it would be nice if you go to
Japan in spring
• たらどうですか/たらどうでしょうか = how about if,
what if (recommendation)
• 日本に行ったらどうですか。
– How about if you go to Japan?
• みたらどうですか/みたらどうでしょうか = how
about if you try and do (recommendation)
• 日本食を食べてみたらどうですか。
– How about if you try and eat Japanese food to see
what it is like.
18. たら with useful expressions
• たらどうしますか
• What will you do if…
• じしんがきたら、どうしますか。
– What will you do if the earthquake comes?
• 何/どう/いつ/どこ/どうやって… たら =
what/how/when/where/how should I…
• パーティーに何を着たらいいでしょうか。
– What should I wear for the party?
• いつ日本に行ったらいいと思いますか。
– When do you think I should go to Japan?
• たらいいと思います = I think it is good if you …
– 春、日本に行ったらいいと思います。
– I think it is good if you go to Japan in Spring.
• みたらいいと思います = I think it’s good if you try…
– この本を読んでみたらいいと思います。
– I think it is good if you try and read this book.
25. ても・でも
• This expression presents a reverse condition.
• Whatever the situation is, you will carry on
with your plan.
• Whatever the condition might be, the result is
not something you expect.
• You can add interrogative to emphasise
whatever the condition might be, the result will
be the same.
26. • 雨が降っても、僕は毎日ジョギングに行きます。
• I go jogging everyday, even if it rains.
• 火曜日だから、よやくしなくてもだいじょうぶでしょう。
• Because it is Tuesday, it will probably be alright even if
we don’t make a booking
• このコップは、落としても、ぶつけても割れません。
• This glass doesn’t break even if you drop it or bang it.
• 待っても待っても、私の猫は帰ってきません。
• Even if I waited and waited, my cat doesn’t come back.
• 朝ごはんを食べても食べなくても、料金は同じです。
• Even if you eat the breakfast or you don’t, the fee is the
same.
ても・でも
Unexpected
result
Carry on
Reversed
result
Reversed
result
Reversed
result
27. • いくら考えても、わかりません。
• No matter how much I think, I can’t understand this.
• いくら高くても、買います。
• No matter how expensive it is, I will buy it.
• 何度あやまっても、母はゆるしてくれませんでした。
• No matter how many times I apologised, mother didn’t forgive me.
• どんなに説明しても、彼はわかってくれません。
• No matter how much I explain, he didn’t understand me.
• だれが首相になっても、同じことだ。
• No matter who becomes a prime minister, it is the same thing.
• 何を食べても、おいしくありません。
• No matter what I eat, it is not tasty.
• どこを探しても、めがねが見つかりませんでした。
• No matter where I look for, I couldn’t find my glasses.
ても・でも advanced
Still the same
result
28. • 彼は頭がよくても、性格が悪い。
• Even though he is clever, he is not very nice (a bad
personality)
• 眠くなくても、明日は早いから、もう寝ましょう。
• Even though you are not sleepy, let’s go to bed now
because it is early (to get up) tomorrow.
• みつおくんは、ハンサムでも、あまり女の子に人気がない。
• Although Mitsuo is good looking, he is not that popular
with girls.
• たけしと僕はいとこでも、あまりにていません。
• Although Takeshi and I are cousins, we do not look
very alike.
ても・でも
Reversed
result
Carry on
Reversed
result
Reversed
result
30. Subject of a subordinate clause
がis used when marking the subject in subordinate clause
with ~たら and ~ても in the same way as ~てから、~とき、
~と、~まえに
(私は)友達が来る前に、部屋を掃除します。
(私は)妻が病気のとき、会社を休みます。
(妹は)学校が終わると、すぐにピアノの練習に行きます。
(あなたは)友達が約束の時間に来なかったら、どうしますか。
(私は)雨が降っても、洗濯します。
36. たろう:What will you do when you graduate the university?
くみこ:Well… I will study in England.
たまこ:I think I will get a job. But, no matter how (いくら) enjoyable job it is, I think I
will have a hard time if the salary was cheap.
たろう:That’s right. I want to do a job too, but if there is not much holidays, I
wouldn’t like (いや) it.
くみこ:Me too, I understand both (二人の)opinions well. Therefore, I will study
abroad because I think I will find good job if I can speak English.
たまこ:I see. That is a good idea. I want to study abroad too if I had money.
たろう:If I had money, I will make own company. No one says anything no
matter how much I take time off.
くみこ:Yes, I guess…. But if you don’t work, you will run out of your money.
たまこ:That’s right. No one wants to work. IF you don’t have to work, what
would you do?
たろう:Well…. I want to travel around the world. If I go to various countries, I
will find something interesting.
くみこ:I will go to my favourite cake shop and eat cakes as much as I want (好きなだけ)
たまこ:You will be fat if you eat cake everyday. I want to help a nursery or (か)
a kindergarten because I like children.
たろう:Well, how about if you become a kindergarten teacher? Kumiko, how about
if you become pâtissier (パティシエ)?
くみこ:Well, let me see… But no matter how much I like cakes, I don’t want to do a
job which makes them every day.
たまこ:Me too, I think I will be tired to do the job which play with children everyday
so I want to help only when I want to play with children.
たろう:Both of you (二人とも) are selfish….くみこ&たまこ: fu fu fu