This document provides an introduction to the concept of mind uploading. It defines mind uploading as scanning the mental state of a brain and copying it to an artificial neural network. It explains that mind uploading would involve completely understanding how the human brain works, extracting brain data through scanning techniques, and copying the data to suitable hardware. Some benefits mentioned include intelligence enhancement, environmental recovery, and increased lifespans. Ethical and legal implications are also discussed.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
MINDUPLOADING
Prepared by:
Aatir Kirmani
Azmi Abdul Wadood
Raashid Altaf
Tushar

2. What is Mind
Uploading?
• Mind Uploading or Whole Brain Emulation is the hypothetical
process of scanning mental state of a particular brain
substrate and copying it to a computational device, such as
a digital, analog, quantum-based or software-based artificial
neural network.
• Mind uploading, Whole Brain Emulation or Substrate-
Independent Minds is a use of a computer or another
substrate as an emulated human brain, and the view of
thoughts and memories as software information states

3. HOW?
• Understand completely how the human brain works and
hence create its theoretical model.
• Extract the data from the brain.
• Copy/Transfer the data from biological mind onto
suitable hardware.

4. The Human Brain
• The human brain contains about 86 billion nerve cells
called neurons, each individually linked to other neurons
by way of connectors called axons and dendrites.
• Signals at the junctures (synapses) of these connections
are transmitted by the release and detection of
chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
• The established neuroscientific consensus is that the
human mind is largely an emergent property of the
information processing of this neural network.

5. Model of The Brain
• As it stands, it would take around two years to
completely map a fly’s brain and all of it’s interaction
with itself!
• Rather than having to understand the high-level
psychological processes and large-scale structures
of the brain, and model them using classical artificial
intelligence methods and cognitive psychology models,
the low-level structure of the underlying neural network is
captured, mapped and emulated with a computer
system.

6. Extracting “Brain Data”
A brain map or connectivity database showing the connections
between the neurons must be extracted from an anatomic model
of the brain:
• SERIAL SECTIONING:
o in which the brain tissue and other parts of the nervous system are frozen
and then scanned and analyzed layer by layer, which for frozen samples at
nano-scale requires a cryo-ultramicrotome, thus capturing the structure of
the neurons and their interconnections.
• BRAIN IMAGING
o Functional MRI (for mapping change in blood flow)
o Magnetoencephalography (MEG) (for mapping of electrical currents)

7. FACT
In 2013, announcing a federal initiative to produce a
complete model of the human brain, Francis Collins, head
of the National Institutes of Health, said that the human
brain could generate “yottabytes” of data—a million
million million megabytes!

8. Required Computational Capacity
(by level of simulation model)
Level CPU
demand
(FLOPS)
Memory demand
(TB)
$1 million super-
computer
(Earliest year of
making)
Analog network population
model
1015 102 2008
Spiking neural network 1018 104 2019
Electrophysiology 1022 104 2033
Metablome 1025 106 2044
Proteome 1026 107 2048
States of protein complexes 1027 108 2052
Distribution of complexes 1030 109 2063
Stochastic behaviour of
single molecules
1043 1014 2111
Estimates from Sandberg, Boston, 2008

9. Benefits of Mind
Uploading
• 1) Massive economic growth: This could lead to growth rates in
human capital of 1,000% per year or far more. The first country that
widely adopts the technology might be able to solve global poverty
by donating only 0.1% of its annual GDP.
• 2) Intelligence enhancement: By observing information flows in
uploaded human brains, many of the details of human cognition
would be elucidated. Faster does not necessarily mean smarter.

10. • 3) Environmental recovery: By spending most of our
time as programs running on a worldwide network, we
will consume far less space and use less energy and
natural resources than we would as a conventional
human body. As a result our dependence on
environment will decrease.
• 4) Closer connections with other human beings: Our
interactions with other people today is limited by the very
low bandwidth of human speech and facial expressions.
By offering partial readouts of our cognitive state to
others, we could engage in a deeper exchange of ideas
and emotions.

11. • 5) Increased Lifespans: By reducing the pressure on
our brains and the surrounding environment, we may be
able to live happily in a clean environment which would
ultimately result in the increased lifespan of humans.

12. Mind uploading in fiction
LITERATURE
• Isaac Asimov - The Last Question (1956).
• Bertil Mårtensson - Detta är verkligheten (This is reality)
(1968).
• Arthur C. Clarke - 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).
CINEMA
• Tron (1982).
• Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014).
• Transcendence (2014).
• CHAPPiE (2015).

13. Applications
• Brain Pacemakers.
• "Immortality"
• Backup.
• Uploaded astronaut.

14. Implications
ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS
• Animal welfare.
• Artificial Consciousness.
• Legal Rights of Emulations.
POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPLICATIONS
• If emulations run much faster than humans, there might
not be enough time for human leaders to make wise
decisions or negotiate.
• It's possible that humans would react violently against
growing power of emulations.

15. THANK YOU