Sustainable Development Goals

1. Global Public Health
Group members: Murad Y. Amro, MPH
3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9
Sustainable Development Goal 3:

2. 3.6 Traffic accidents according to WHO 2022
Traffic accidents are a major public health problem worldwide
Halve the number of global fatalities and injuries by (2020).
 Road accidents are the most common cause of death among children, adolescents and
young adults aged from (5 to 29 ) years old.
Every year, there are 1.3 million people dying, as a result of road traffic crashes.
93% of traffic fatalities worldwide take place in low- and middle-income nations.
Most nations lose 3% of their (GDP)gross domestic product annually due to traffic
accidents (WHO,2022).
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3. Road traffic accidents in Palestine
According to PCBS and MOH reports; the death rate in 2018 was 3.7 per 100,000 population, The West Bank
has a higher rate than the Gaza Strip, it was 4.3 per 100.000
In 2020, there were 13165 road accidents, the death rate was reduced to 2.4 per 100,000 population. Every 90
minutes there is an accident with 110 fatalities and 8516 injuries.
 In 2021, as a result of these accidents one fatality occurs every 72 hours and we had 122 deaths and 11176
injuries (MOH,PCBS).
In (2022) The mortality rate and the numbers of accidents were increased. 10,000 people were injured in
14,450 road incidents, and 126 people died.
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4. Traffic Higher Council / Ministry of Transport (2022)
Developing National Strategy for traffic safety in Palestine.
In regard to the number of fatal accidents, the State of Palestine is doing well
• The mortality rate is 5.3/100.000 population, which is very close to the European average 4.9/100.000 person.
Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) have been implemented.
There are three phases to the national strategic framework for the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in Palestine
from 2019 to 2029.
The city of Hebron was the first governorate to use this approach. This system will be put into use in Tulkarem,
Nablus, and Ramallah at the start of the following years.
Improving Public Transport Infrastructure. Nablus Municipality received approval from the MoT to set up a
public bus company to run all of the city's internal lines.
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5. SDG Target 3.7 universal access to sexual and
reproductive health-care services
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning,
information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.
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6. According to WHO
Data on childbirths among girls aged 10–14 are getting more widely available. Globally the adolescent birth rate for
girls 10–14 years in 2022 was estimated at 1.5 per 1000 women.
As of 2019, adolescents aged 15–19 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) had an estimated 21
million pregnancies each year, of which approximately 50% were unintended and which resulted in an estimated 12
million births.
Among the 1.9 billion Women of Reproductive Age group (15-49 years) worldwide in 2019, 1.1 billion have a need
for family planning; of these, 842 million are using contraceptive methods, and 270 million have an unmet need for
contraception.
The proportion of the need for family planning satisfied by modern methods, Sustainable Development Goals
(SDG) indicator 3.7.1, has stagnated globally at around 77% from 2015 to 2020 but increased from 55% to 58% in
the Africa region
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7. Indicators of SDG 3.7 in Palestine according to PCBS
1. Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years) per 1,000 women in that age group (Not Available).
2. Adolescent birth rate (aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group.
2014 - 2019/20 the level of teenage mothers (aged 15–19) has dropped from 48 to 43 per 1,000 women.
The adolescent birth rate has increased in the West Bank (from 35 compared to 39 per 1,000 women).
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8. Indicators of SDG 3.7 in Palestine according to PCBS
3. Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with
modern methods )Available).
The percentage of married women aged 15- 49 years who or their husbands use any contraceptive methods reached about
57% in 2020;
 The percentage of children aged (0-5 months) who were exclusively breastfed has increased significantly to reach about
43% of all children in the same age group in the year 2020.
About 99% of women in Palestine received healthcare during pregnancy (98% in the West Bank, 99% in Gaza Strip in
2020).
95% women who received antenatal care at least 4 times, while 73% received antenatal care at least 8 times.
99% of births took place in health institutions.
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9. SDG Target 3.8 | Achieve universal health coverage (UHC)
 Achieve UHC, including:
 Financial risk protection,
 Access to quality essential health-care services and
 Access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
 Universal health coverage means that all people and communities receive the health services (e.g. the full spectrum of
health services from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care across the life course)
they need and of sufficient quality to be effective while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the
user to financial hardship.
 Achieving Universal Health Coverage is one of the targets the nations of the world set when adopting the SDGs in 2015.
Countries reaffirmed this commitment at the United Nations General Assembly High Level Meeting on UHC in 2019. The
inclusion of UHC in the SDGs presents an opportunity to promote a comprehensive and coherent approach to health,
focusing on health systems strengthening. Countries that progress towards UHC will make progress towards the other
health-related targets, and towards the other goals. Universal health coverage has therefore become a major goal for health
reform in many countries and a priority objective of WHO.
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10. The focus of SDGs is not limited to diseases.
It also sets insistent targets towards reducing inequity in health within and between societies, with an emphasis
on UHC, which identifies the determinants of health within and beyond the health sector.
SDG 3.8 on “achieving universal health coverage” is a platform, which incorporates all other sectors, reinforcing
the existing approach on “health in all policies”. Making commitments towards UHC via SDG is
commendable, but it can only be successful if the following two factors can be accomplished;
Firstly, UHC can be achieved once the dimensions of health service coverage, financial protection, and
population coverage are cumulatively addressed.
Secondly, intersectoral collaborations/actions with other SDG goals, namely, poverty reduction (Goal 1),
provision of water and sanitation (Goal 6), urbanization and service delivery in human settlement (Goal 11), provide
a perfect complement towards achieving UHC.
Besides, the SDG agenda has explicitly stated the need to take steps towards ensuring equity by phrasing
that “no one will be left behind”. The SDGs have also envisioned addressing health system issues in terms
of supporting health research and development, increasing health financing, strengthening human
resources, and increasing capacities for risk reduction and risk management through ‘implementation
targets’.
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11. UHC Service Coverage Index (SDG 3.8.1)
# Indicator Data Source Unit Year Palestine
3.8.1
Universal health coverage (UHC)
service coverage index
World Health Organization (WHO) index 2000 67
World Health Organization (WHO) index 2005 68
World Health Organization (WHO) index 2010
68
World Health Organization (WHO) index 2015
69
World Health Organization (WHO) index 2017
69
World Health Organization (WHO) index 2019
65
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12. 3.8.2.1 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a
share of total household expenditure or income (more than 10%,)
# Indicator Data Source Unit Year
Expenditure on Health
more than 10% of the total
Expenditure
Expenditure on Health more
than 25% of the total
Expenditure
3.8.2.1
Proportion of population with large
household expenditures on health as a
share of total household expenditure or
income
PCBS. Expenditure, Consumption, Poverty,2017 % 2017 9.0 1.5
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13. 3.8.2.2 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as
a share of total household expenditure or income (more than 25%)
# Indicator Data Source Unit Year
Expenditure on Health
more than 10% of the
total Expenditure
Expenditure on Health
more than 25% of the
total Expenditure
3.8.2.2
Proportion of population with large
household expenditures on health
as a share of total household
expenditure or income
PCBS. Expenditure, Consumption,
Poverty,2017
% 2017 9.0 1.5
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14. SDG Target 3.9| Environmental Health
It includes social, political and economic environments, principal issues of water, sanitation, food, vector and rodent control,
occupational health, urbanization and health.
The goal is reduce the mortality from environmental pollution : Reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
Air pollution is the greatest environmental threat to public health globally and accounts for an estimated 7 million premature
deaths every year.
Residential pollution, mostly from cooking and heating using biomass, and generating electricity from fossil fuels for our
homes, and transport, are the main human-made sources of fine particles globally
Around four million people died in 2019 from exposure to fine particulate outdoor air pollution, with the highest death rates
occurring in East Asia and Central Europe.
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15. SDG Target 3.9| Environmental Health
Air pollution is a major global health crisis and causes one in nine deaths worldwide. Exposure to PM 2.5
reduced average global life expectancy by approximately one year in 2019.
POLICY ACTIONS: Government actions on air quality are steadily growing, but implementation and
capacity gaps hinder progress toward clean air.
Clean Water and Sanitation
2.2 billion people globally do not have access to safe water at home.
3.6 billion people (almost half the world’s population) use sanitation services that leave human waste untreated.
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16. State of Environment and Outlook Report for the occupied Palestinian territory 2020, WHO
The effects of climate change, population increase, and fast urbanization are deteriorating the environment of
Palestine. Without effective environmental management.
It is expected that air pollution will continue to worsen and the water degradation will increase.
 Despite 18% of the population having access to improved sanitation, sewage spills occur frequently in all of the
Palestinian governorates (World Bank, 2018a).
The nitrates pollute many of water resources; in Tulkarm the amount of water free from pollution by nitrates does not
exceed 27.0%, while the percentage reached 23.0% in Qalqilya.
The water in the Gaza Strip is classified as alkaline water, with high levels of chloride. About 85% of water wells in
Gaza Strip is not suitable for drinking.
the salinity of water has reached 27.2% within the West Bank.
The disposal of sewage and solid waste creates demands on resources and can be potentially harmful to water
resources.
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