The document discusses the cultivation of milky mushrooms (Calocybe indica). It can be cultivated indoors with temperatures between 25-35°C and relative humidity above 80%. The cultivation process involves pasteurizing substrates like paddy straw, filling bags two-thirds with the substrate, spawning the substrate, casing with soil, and maintaining proper humidity and temperature for cropping. Milky mushrooms fruit within 45-50 days and have a biological efficiency of 80-90%.
This is complete presentation about the Shiitake mushroom cultivation. Shiitake mushroom farming can be the most promising source of nutrients and income for the poor farmers who could not afford more money for huge commercial farming since shiitake farming can be done using local and easily available resources.
This is complete presentation about the Shiitake mushroom cultivation. Shiitake mushroom farming can be the most promising source of nutrients and income for the poor farmers who could not afford more money for huge commercial farming since shiitake farming can be done using local and easily available resources.
It is report on Mushroom cultivation . It shows the process about Mushroom growing in the farms. All the marketing strategy defined here. It based on commercial training that is held in 8th semester of B.Sc. agriculture final year according to ICAR module.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Micropropagation is a proven means of producing millions of identical plants under a controlled and aseptic condition, independent of seasonal constraints. It not only provides economy of time and space but also gives greater output and allows further augmentation of elite disease free propagules.India is homeland of many important fruit crops such as Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Guava (, Psidium guajava), jamun or black plum (Syzygium cuminii L. Skeels.), Mango (Mangifera indica) and Papaya (Carica papaya).
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold .African marigold(Tagetes erecta) .CN- 2n=24 .Family-Composity/Asteraceae . Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula) .CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
It is report on Mushroom cultivation . It shows the process about Mushroom growing in the farms. All the marketing strategy defined here. It based on commercial training that is held in 8th semester of B.Sc. agriculture final year according to ICAR module.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Micropropagation is a proven means of producing millions of identical plants under a controlled and aseptic condition, independent of seasonal constraints. It not only provides economy of time and space but also gives greater output and allows further augmentation of elite disease free propagules.India is homeland of many important fruit crops such as Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Guava (, Psidium guajava), jamun or black plum (Syzygium cuminii L. Skeels.), Mango (Mangifera indica) and Papaya (Carica papaya).
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold .African marigold(Tagetes erecta) .CN- 2n=24 .Family-Composity/Asteraceae . Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula) .CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
4. Mushroom ( basic requirements for mushroom) A Series of Presention By Mr ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Presention By Mr Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer in Mushroom Technology
Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
36. Mushroom growing Ooyster mushroom , A Series of Presentation By Mr Allah ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer in Mushroom Technology Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Milky mushroom
1. C
CU
UL
LT
TI
IV
VA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N O
OF
F M
MI
IL
LK
KY
Y M
MU
US
SH
HR
RO
OO
OM
M (
(C
Ca
al
lo
oc
cy
yb
be
e i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
a)
)
The milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) is a robust, fleshy, milky white, umbrella like
mushroom resembling button mushroom. This species can be cultivated indoor in the areas of
high temperature range of 25-35°C and high relative humidity of more than 80% is suitable for
its cultivation. The temperature and relative humidity Milky mushroom can be cultivated
throughout the year in the plains of India because of high temperature tolerance.
The cultivation technology of this mushroom is simple, requiring low production inputs
and does not require any special compost as in the case of white button mushroom. The
cultivation process is a mixture of cultivation technology of button and oyster mushroom. It
requires wetting of substrates like oyster mushroom and casing like button mushroom. The
mushroom can be harvested from 28-30 days after spawning and the total crop cycle is of 45-50
days. The milky mushroom has higher shelf life as compared to button mushroom. Due to good
shelf life, it is more convenient in handling, transport and storage. Therefore, the interest among
the mushroom growers towards milky mushroom is growing day by day. The production
technology of milky mushroom is as follows:
Pasteurization / Sterilization of the Substrate
Milky mushroom can be cultivated on a wide range of substrates like paddy straw, maize
stalks, sorghum stalks, bajra stalks, sugarcane baggage, soybean hay, groundnut haulms, etc.
However, for commercial production paddy straw is the best suited substrate. Generally, chaffed
paddy straw bits of 3-5 cm or 1-2 inch length is soaked in normal water containing 750 ppm
carbendazim and 1% formalin for 14-16 hours. The soaked paddy straw is taken out from water
and spread over the floor or on the polythene sheet to drain the excess water. However, for
proper sterilization, hot water treatment of straw bits for 30-45 minutes in boiling water in a
drum is done. The hot water treatment is better and safe method of sterilization than chemical
sterilization. After treatment, the substrate is shade dried to remove excess moisture before
bagging. At the time of bagging the substrate should contain around 60-65% moisture. Excessive
moisture level increases the chance of bacterial and other contaminations.
Bagging
Polythene bags of the size 1824 inch size of 150 gauge thickness are generally used for
bagging. Spawned straw is filled up to two-third into the polythene bags of 18 x 24 inch size of 150
gauge thickness. Two small holes are made on both the corners at the bottom of the polythene bags to
2. allow leaching of excess water. A few small holes of 0.5cm diameter are also made on all sides. Use of
non-perforated poly bags accumulate high carbon dioxide which is inhibitory to fruiting. The polythene
bags filled are then tied at its open end with a thread and kept on the shelves of the racks. Bagging is
done following layer method of spawning, in which 10 inch layer of straw is laid and spawn is
sprinkled over the filled straw around the peripheral region. Similarly three layers of 5 inch each
of processed straw is filled and spawned as above, followed by a 5 inch layer of processed straw
to cover the spawn and the mouth of bag is tied tightly with the rubber band. Every time before
spawning, the straw is pressed with hand for making it compact. The bags thus prepared are
incubated for spawn running under semi-dark condition in a clean room. Spawn run is completed
in 12-15 days at 30-35°C.
Casing
Milky mushroom production involves an additional process called casing like white
button mushroom. After the completion of spawn run, the bags are opened for casing. Casing soil
is applied on the top to a height of 1-2 inches. The casing soil is prepared by using two years old
FYM mixed with coarse sand in equal proportion or garden soil mixed with coarse sand in 4:1
ratio. Casing soil must be sterilized. This can be done by chemical means with formaldehyde.
For ½ cubic meter of casing soil, 1½ liters of formalin (40%) in two buckets of water is
sufficient. Casing soil should be treated 10-15 days before use. The treated soil should be
covered with tarpaulin or polythene sheet completely for 48 hours so that disinfection is
effective.
Cropping
After casing, the bags are kept in racks in the cropping room. Optimum relative humidity
of 80-95% and temperature of 24-28°C is to be maintained in the cropping room. Proper
ventilation for gaseous exchange is also essential in the room. The beds are regularly sprayed
with water to maintain 50-60% moisture level on the casing surface. Pinheads appear in 8-10
days after casing and the first harvest can be taken in 6-8 days after pinhead formation. After
obtaining the casing medium is slightly compacted at the sites from where the fruit bodies are
harvested. Second and third harvest may be obtained within 45-50 days of bed preparation.
Yield
The biological efficiency of Calocybe indica ranges from 80-90%. The mushroom is
highly suitable for drying, canning, soup powder preparation and pickle making.
