This document discusses vector-borne diseases in animals. It defines a vector as an organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another. Various types of vectors are described including insects, arachnids, and microorganisms. Many vector-borne diseases of animals are discussed such as anthrax, bluetongue, babesiosis, West Nile virus, and equine infectious anemia. Equine infectious anemia, transmitted by biting flies, is a persistent viral disease of horses that is incurable but has a limiting nature within outbreaks. Diagnosis involves serological tests and confirmation at the national reference laboratory. Control relies on insecticides and acaricides as well as obligatory biannual testing of horses
Case presentation -including intra operative photos- of a giant gastric trichobezoar presenting as an acute abdomen due to perforated gastric ulcer dealt with by the author.
Snake bite poisoning and its treatment by RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
My 106th powerpoint...that deals with snake bite poisoning.
Different types of venomous snakes, their characteristics, envenomation features and treatment strategies have been explained in a summary.
Hope it is effective for the readers involved.
Case presentation -including intra operative photos- of a giant gastric trichobezoar presenting as an acute abdomen due to perforated gastric ulcer dealt with by the author.
Snake bite poisoning and its treatment by RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
My 106th powerpoint...that deals with snake bite poisoning.
Different types of venomous snakes, their characteristics, envenomation features and treatment strategies have been explained in a summary.
Hope it is effective for the readers involved.
Validarea metodei de identificare de specie la Trichinella spp prin multiplex...Institutul Pasteur
Validarea metodei EURLP de identificare de specie la Trichinella spp prin multiplex PCR. Necesitatea identificarii de specie la nivel de 1 larva. Distributia speciilor de Trichinella in Europa si Romania.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Mihai Danes - Aspecte privind bolile transmise prin vectori la animale
1. SIMPOZIONULSIMPOZIONUL
““INFECTIILE TRANSMISE PRIN VECTORI ÎNINFECTIILE TRANSMISE PRIN VECTORI ÎN
CONTEXTUL GLOBALIZARII SI AL SCHIMBARILORCONTEXTUL GLOBALIZARII SI AL SCHIMBARILOR
CLIMATICE”CLIMATICE”
INCDMI CANTACUZINOINCDMI CANTACUZINO
CENTRUL DE ÎNVATAMÂNT SI DOCUMENTARE “JACQUES MONOD”CENTRUL DE ÎNVATAMÂNT SI DOCUMENTARE “JACQUES MONOD”
BucuBucurrestiesti 2727 iunieiunie 20120144
ASPECTE ALE BOLILORASPECTE ALE BOLILOR
TRANSMISE PRIN VECTORITRANSMISE PRIN VECTORI
LA ANIMALELA ANIMALE
Mihai DANESMihai DANES11
, Virgilia POPA, Virgilia POPA11
, Doina DANES, Doina DANES22
, Daniela BOTUS, Daniela BOTUS11
,,
Stelian BARAITAREANUStelian BARAITAREANU22
,Rodica OTELEA,Rodica OTELEA22
,, Dumitru MILITARUDumitru MILITARU1,31,3
11
SN Institutul Pasteur SA,SN Institutul Pasteur SA, 22
FMV Bucuresti,FMV Bucuresti,
33
Academia de Stiinte Agricole si Silvice “Gheorghe Ionescu – Sisesti”Academia de Stiinte Agricole si Silvice “Gheorghe Ionescu – Sisesti”
2. VECTORVECTOR
ORGANISM CARE POARTA SI DISEMINEAZA UN AGENT PATOGEN DEORGANISM CARE POARTA SI DISEMINEAZA UN AGENT PATOGEN DE
LA O GAZDA LA ALTALA O GAZDA LA ALTA
““Vector means an insect or any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual to aVector means an insect or any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual to a
susceptible individual or its food or immediate surroundings.susceptible individual or its food or immediate surroundings. The organism may or may not pass through aThe organism may or may not pass through a
development cycle within the vectordevelopment cycle within the vector”” ((Manual OIE 2013Manual OIE 2013))
MECANISM DE TRANSMITERE ORIZONTALA A UNEI BOLI INFECTIOASEMECANISM DE TRANSMITERE ORIZONTALA A UNEI BOLI INFECTIOASE
VECTORVECTOR ≠≠ PURTATORPURTATOR
TIPURI:TIPURI:
• VERTEBRATEVERTEBRATE
• NEVERTEBRATE (hematofage)NEVERTEBRATE (hematofage)
• MICROORGANISMEMICROORGANISME
BOLIBOLI
SPECIE-SPECIFICESPECIE-SPECIFICE
ZOONOTICE / “MEDICINA URBANA / COMUNITARA”ZOONOTICE / “MEDICINA URBANA / COMUNITARA”
EMERGENTE / RE-EMERGENTEEMERGENTE / RE-EMERGENTE
• APARITIE NOUAAPARITIE NOUA
• INCIDENTA CRESCUTAINCIDENTA CRESCUTA
• DISTRIBUTIE GEOGRAFICA NOUADISTRIBUTIE GEOGRAFICA NOUA
CALATORI SI COMERT INTERNATIONALCALATORI SI COMERT INTERNATIONAL
MISCAREA ANIMALELORMISCAREA ANIMALELOR
PASARI MIGRATOAREPASARI MIGRATOARE
SCHIMBARI ALE PRACTICILOR AGRICOLESCHIMBARI ALE PRACTICILOR AGRICOLE
VANTULVANTUL
SCHIMBARI CLIMATICESCHIMBARI CLIMATICE
4. VECTORVECTOR
CICLUL DE VIATACICLUL DE VIATA
CATEVA ZILE / 1 AN INTRE STADIICATEVA ZILE / 1 AN INTRE STADII
STADII INFECTIOASE / NON-INFECTIOASESTADII INFECTIOASE / NON-INFECTIOASE
GAZDE DIFERITE / UNICEGAZDE DIFERITE / UNICE
MODIFICARI DE COMPORTAMENTMODIFICARI DE COMPORTAMENT
METAMORFOZA COMPLETAMETAMORFOZA COMPLETA
o OUOU
o LARVALARVA (DIVERSE STADII, I-III)(DIVERSE STADII, I-III)
o NIMFANIMFA (STADII I-III, paduchi;(STADII I-III, paduchi; PRONIMFA I-III, tantarPRONIMFA I-III, tantar))
o PUPAPUPA
o ADULTADULT
METAMORFOZA INCOMPLETAMETAMORFOZA INCOMPLETA
5. BOLI TRANSMISE PRIN VECTORIBOLI TRANSMISE PRIN VECTORI
LA ANIMALELA ANIMALE
Antrax –Antrax – Bacillus anthracisBacillus anthracis –– mustemuste (Ord.(Ord. DipteraDiptera))
Gripa aviara –Gripa aviara – Influenza virusInfluenza virus –– mustemuste (Ord.(Ord. DipteraDiptera))
Bluetongue –Bluetongue – BTV (Orbivirus)BTV (Orbivirus) –– CulicoidesCulicoides (Ord.(Ord. DipteraDiptera))
Babesioza –Babesioza – B.bovis, B. canis, B. bigeminaB.bovis, B. canis, B. bigemina –– capusecapuse (Ord.(Ord. IxodidaIxodida))
Infectii cuInfectii cu BartonellaBartonella (“zgarieturi de pisica”) –(“zgarieturi de pisica”) – BartonellaBartonella sppspp –– puricipurici
(Ord.(Ord. SyphonapteraSyphonaptera))
Febra hemoragica Congo-Crimeea –Febra hemoragica Congo-Crimeea – Nairovirus, BunyiaviridaeNairovirus, Bunyiaviridae –– capusecapuse
(Hyalomma spp, Ord.(Hyalomma spp, Ord. IxodidaIxodida))
Encefalitele ecvine (E, W, V) –Encefalitele ecvine (E, W, V) – Alphavirus, TogaviridaeAlphavirus, Togaviridae –– tantaritantari (Ord.(Ord.
DipteraDiptera))
Infectia cu virusul West-Nile –Infectia cu virusul West-Nile – FlavivirusFlavivirus -- tantaritantari (Ord.(Ord. DipteraDiptera))
Toxoplasmoza –Toxoplasmoza – T. gondiiT. gondii –– mustemuste (Ord.(Ord. DipteraDiptera))
Scrapie –Scrapie – prioniprioni de origine ovina –de origine ovina – acarieniacarieni (Ord.(Ord. SarcoptiformesSarcoptiformes))
Variolele animale –Variolele animale – PoxviridaePoxviridae –– paduchipaduchi (Ord.(Ord. PhthirapteraPhthiraptera),), tantaritantari,,
mustemuste (Ord.(Ord. DipteraDiptera))
6. GAZDE REZERVORGAZDE REZERVOR ::
• SPECII DE SOPARLESPECII DE SOPARLE
• PASARI (GRAURUL, PITIGOIUL, CRISTEIUL DE CAMP, MIERLA,PASARI (GRAURUL, PITIGOIUL, CRISTEIUL DE CAMP, MIERLA,
STURZUL)STURZUL)
• MAMIFEREMAMIFERE
• ROZATOARE (VEVERITA),ROZATOARE (VEVERITA),
• INSECTIVORE (ARICIUL),INSECTIVORE (ARICIUL),
• CARNIVORE (SACALUL AURIU, CAINELE, LUPUL, PISICA,CARNIVORE (SACALUL AURIU, CAINELE, LUPUL, PISICA,
VULPEA),VULPEA),
• UNGULATE (CAPRA DOMESTICA, CAPRIOARA, CALUL,UNGULATE (CAPRA DOMESTICA, CAPRIOARA, CALUL,
MISTRETUL),MISTRETUL),
• LILIECILILIECI
GENOTIPULGENOTIPUL (GENOMOSPECIE)(GENOMOSPECIE) DOMINANTDOMINANT:: BORRELIA AFZELIIBORRELIA AFZELII
VECTORVECTOR PREDOMINANTPREDOMINANT:: IXODES RICINUSIXODES RICINUS
BORELIOZA LA ANIMALE IN ROMANIABORELIOZA LA ANIMALE IN ROMANIA
7. SerologicSerologic,, prevalenta deprevalenta de ::
-- 6.52%6.52% in populatia de caini utilitariin populatia de caini utilitari
-- 11.92%11.92% inin populatiapopulatia de cabalinede cabaline
BORELIOZA LA ANIMALE IN ROMANIABORELIOZA LA ANIMALE IN ROMANIA
8.
9. ANEMIA INFECTIOASA AANEMIA INFECTIOASA A
CALULUI (AIE)CALULUI (AIE)
588.099,00 cabaline (MADR 31.03.2014):588.099,00 cabaline (MADR 31.03.2014):
99,63% in sector privat99,63% in sector privat
30,83% in judetele din Moldova30,83% in judetele din Moldova
AIE - inclusa in Programul strategic national de supraveghere, prevenire,AIE - inclusa in Programul strategic national de supraveghere, prevenire,
control si eradicare a bolilor la animalecontrol si eradicare a bolilor la animale
Control obligatoriuControl obligatoriu
• toate ecvideele mai mari de 6 luni varsta,toate ecvideele mai mari de 6 luni varsta,
• de 2x / an (februarie – martie si la 6 luni)de 2x / an (februarie – martie si la 6 luni)
Laborator National de Referinta (Laborator National de Referinta (LNR-LNR-IDSA)IDSA)
AIE – inclusa in codul si manualul OIE privind comertulAIE – inclusa in codul si manualul OIE privind comertul
international de animalinternational de animalee
11. ANEMIA INFECTIOASA AANEMIA INFECTIOASA A
CALULUI (AIE)CALULUI (AIE)
Vectori:Vectori:
transmitere mecanicatransmitere mecanica
forme adulteforme adulte
active mai – septembrie, varf iulie - augustactive mai – septembrie, varf iulie - august
• Fam.Fam. TabanidaeTabanidae (tauni):(tauni):
Tabanus bovinus / T. autumnalisTabanus bovinus / T. autumnalis
HybomitraHybomitra spp.spp.
ChrysopsChrysops spp.spp.
• Fam.Fam. MuscidaeMuscidae
Stomoxis calcitransStomoxis calcitrans ))
12. ANEMIA INFECTIOASA AANEMIA INFECTIOASA A
CALULUI (AIE)CALULUI (AIE)
DiagnosticDiagnostic::
metode serologicemetode serologice
testul Cogginstestul Coggins (imunodifuzie),(imunodifuzie), test detest de
confirmare, cu antigen p26confirmare, cu antigen p26
13. ANEMIA INFECTIOASA AANEMIA INFECTIOASA A
CALULUI (AIE)CALULUI (AIE)
• CultivareCultivare pepe linie celularalinie celulara -- derm ecvinderm ecvin
• Extractie cu eterExtractie cu eter
• Filtrare, concentrareFiltrare, concentrare
• Confirmare LNR - valoare diagnosticaConfirmare LNR - valoare diagnostica
la fiecare seriela fiecare serie