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The document discusses the Atmega32 microcontroller. It has 32 KB of program memory and 32 programmable I/O pins across four ports (PORTA-PORTD). Each port is controlled by data direction, output, and input registers (DDRx, PORTx, PINx). The document explains how to configure the registers to set pin directions and write/read pin values. It also covers delays, buttons, and using internal pull-up resistors.
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* ADC (Analog to Digital Converter).
8255.pdf
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itft-8085 microprocessor
The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit CPU that can address 64KB of memory and operates at clock speeds up to 3MHz. It has 40 pins grouped into buses and signals for address, data, control, power and I/O. The address bus outputs addresses and the bi-directional data bus handles addresses and 8-bit data. Control signals include ALE, IO/M, RD, WR and status flags. It has six 8-bit general purpose registers and an accumulator for arithmetic.
8051 microcontroller
The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers and provides details about the 8051 microcontroller architecture. It describes that microcontrollers contain a microprocessor, memory, I/O interfaces and peripheral devices while microprocessors only contain an ALU, control unit and registers. It then provides details about the 8051 architecture such as its ports, registers, memory organization, and instruction set which includes data transfer, arithmetic, logical and I/O instructions.
knowledge in daily life.ppt
This document discusses input/output interfaces in microprocessor systems. It begins by introducing I/O interfaces and their purpose of enabling communication between microprocessors and peripheral devices like keyboards, displays and printers. It then describes two common approaches to I/O - isolated I/O which uses separate I/O instructions, and memory-mapped I/O which treats I/O devices as memory locations. The document proceeds to discuss I/O instructions, providing examples for 8088 and 80x86 processors. It also discusses implementing I/O in high-level languages like Pascal, Delphi, C/C++ using inline assembly instructions. Finally, it provides examples of simple I/O circuits and software to interface switches and LED
Lathe Spindle Sensor
Hobby example; a microcontroller pushed to it's limits; metal lathe spindle sensor for position (accurate to 10 arc-minutes), RPM, #turns, elapsed time.
assignment 1-MC.pdf
The document discusses different addressing modes of the 8051 microcontroller. It describes five addressing modes: immediate, register, direct, indirect, and index addressing modes. Immediate addressing uses a constant in the operand field. Register addressing accesses operands stored in registers. Direct addressing specifies the operand with an 8-bit address. Indirect addressing specifies a register containing the operand address. Index addressing accesses a look-up table using the accumulator and base register sum as the address.
dspAt89 s52
The document describes the features and specifications of the AT89S52 microcontroller. It includes 8K bytes of in-system programmable flash memory, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, and various timer/counter and serial communication functions. It provides detailed information on the microcontroller's pin configurations, pin descriptions and alternate functions.
Mod-2 M&M.pptx
The document discusses various peripheral interfacing chips used with the 8086 microprocessor, including the 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface, 8279 Keyboard and Display Controller, and 8253/8254 Programmable Interval Timer. The 8255 PPI allows programming of ports for input/output and interrupt functions. It has three 8-bit ports that can be individually configured. The 8279 controls keyboards and seven-segment displays. It has modes for scanning keyboards and refreshing displays. The 8253/8254 is a programmable counter/timer with three independent 16-bit counters that can be configured for different counting modes.
Microcontroller at89 s52 datasheet
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable flash memory. It has 8 I/O lines, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a full duplex serial port, an 8-bit CPU, and 256 bytes of RAM. The microcontroller can operate between 4.0-5.5V and features two low-power modes, idle and power-down, to reduce power consumption. It also has an 8-bit address/data bus, program memory lock feature, and watchdog timer.
8085-microprocessor
The 8085 microprocessor was introduced by Intel in 1976 as an updated version of the 8080 microprocessor. It is an 8-bit microprocessor that can access 64KB of memory using 16-bit address lines and has 8 I/O ports. It contains registers like the accumulator, flag register, and instruction register. The 8085 has an arithmetic logic unit and uses various addressing modes like immediate, register, direct, indirect and implied addressing. It consists of functional blocks like registers, instruction decoder, address/data buffers, and interrupt control.
Programming A Robot Using
This document discusses programming a robot using ICC AVR ver 7.5, including how to install and use the software to compile and build code. It also covers important microcontroller concepts like I/O ports, analog to digital conversion, and provides code examples for motion control, line following, and turning the buzzer and LED display on/off.
MicrocontrollersII (1).pptx
This document provides an overview of the 8051 microcontroller including details about:
- The 8051 memory architecture including 8-bit data width and registers, 8-bit addresses, and 16-bit program counter.
- Accessing external memory using the data pointer register and MOVX instruction.
- Separate program and data memory including internal flash and external memory.
- Details on ports, special function registers, timers and interrupts.
- Examples of timer configuration and using timers to generate interrupts.
AT89C52 Data sheet
The AT89C52 is a low-power microcontroller with 8K bytes of flash memory. It has 8 I/O lines, 3 timers/counters, a serial port, and supports two power saving modes. The document describes the features of the microcontroller including memory, I/O ports, pins, and special function registers. It provides detailed information on the functions of various pins and registers for timers, interrupts, and other peripherals.
Programmable Peripheral Devices
This document discusses various programmable devices used in 8085-based systems, including the 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI), 8251 Programmable Communication Interface, 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller, and 8279 Programmable Keyboard/Display Interface. It provides details on the pinouts, internal blocks, operating modes, and interfacing of each device. The 8255 PPI allows programming of I/O ports and is used for data transfer between the processor and I/O devices. The 8251 provides serial communication capabilities. The 8259 manages interrupt requests from peripherals. And the 8279 interfaces keyboards and displays for microprocessor systems.
Chp 2 and 3.pptx
The document describes the basic components and organization of a computer system called the Basic Computer. It has two main components - a processor and memory. The processor contains registers like the Program Counter, Accumulator, and others that are connected via a common bus. Memory contains 4096 16-bit words. Instructions are also 16 bits long and can specify direct or indirect addressing modes. The instructions include operations to perform logic and arithmetic on memory words and registers, as well as input/output and branching functions.
Micro
The document discusses the microcontroller PIC 18F458. It has 5 ports labeled PORTA through PORTE with a varying number of pins on each port. Port pins can be configured as inputs or outputs using the TRIS registers. An example is given of a simple binary counter program that counts from 0 to 255 on port B pins using an infinite while loop. Timers and interrupts are also discussed, with examples provided of using timers to generate delays and counting external events, as well as an interrupt example that counts external interrupts on pin RA4.
Keypad interfacing 8051 -NANOCDAC
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Untitled 1
1. The document discusses configuring the fuse bytes and clock settings of a microcontroller before first use.
2. It provides examples of commands to program the high and low fuse bytes for a 1MHz internal clock or 16MHz external crystal on an ATmega16 microcontroller.
3. Setting the wrong fuse values could render the microcontroller unusable.
Microcontroller 8051
The document provides an overview of the 8051 microcontroller, including its block diagram, pin descriptions, registers, memory mapping, stack, timers, and interrupts. It describes the CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers, and interrupt control that are integrated into a single chip in the 8051 microcontroller. It also explains various registers related to timers and interrupts in the 8051.
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Microcontroller avr
- 1. AVR Microcontroller © 2019 by Mahmoud Amr
- 3. family of AVR microcontrollers
- 4. Atmega32 • At atmel (company) • Mega mega avr • 32 is refer to the size of program memory (flash ) in the atmega32 (32Kbyte) .
- 6. 8-Bit AVR General Purpose Registers at page 11 in datasheet
- 7. The X-register, Y-register, and Z-register • as the X-, Y-, and Z-pointer registers can be set to index any register in the file The registers R26…R31 have some added functions to their general purpose usage. These registers are 16-bit address pointers for indirect addressing of the data space. The three indirect address registers X, Y, and Z are defined as described in the figure.
- 9. I/O PORTS Dio ports digital input output ports GPIO ports general purpose input output ports I/O PORTS input / output ports
- 10. 32 Programmable I/O pins. PORT A (PA7..PA0) PORT B (PB7..PB0) PORT C (PC7..PC0) PORT D (PD7..PD0) Each PORT is controlled by 3 registers: 1. DDRx (Data Direction Register) 2. PORTx (Output Register) 3. PINx (Input Register) NOTE: The Directions of each I/O lines must be configured (input or output) before they are used .
- 11. PORT is controlled by 3 registers
- 12. Decided which input and which output To use I/O ports in ATMEGA32 (PORTx/PINx/DDRx) we need to include header file <avr/io.h> 1- Configure the port direction use register DDRX • 1 for Output. • 0 for Input. 2- In Read(input case) : Use register PINx. 3- In Write(output case) : Use register PORTx.
- 13. set values in registers DIO • DDRA=5; /*(decimal)mean I activate pin 0 and pin 2 as output and the rest as input pins */ • DDRB=0x14; /*(hexadecimal)mean I activate pin 2 and pin 4 as output and the rest as input pins */ • DDRC=0b00000011; /*(binary)mean I activate pin 0 and pin 1 as output pins and the rest as input pins */ • deal with a specific one pin
- 14. deal with a specific one pin • Make OR operation on the register with The pin number – For example if we want to set pin number 5 in PORTA » PORTA = PORTA | (1<<5); -To set specified bit in register (1) 1000 1000 | OR 0001 0000 -------------- 1001 1000 1001 1000 | OR 0001 0000 -------------- 1001 1000
- 15. • Make AND operation on the register with (NOT) The pin number. – For example if we want to set pin number 3 in PORTB » PORTB = PORTB & ( ~(1<<3) ); -To clear specified bit in register 1000 1100 & AND 1111 1011 -------------- 1000 1000 1000 1000 & AND 1111 1011 -------------- 1000 1000 0000 0100 ~ NOT -------------- 1111 1011
- 16. • Make XOR operation on the register with The pin number – for example if we want to toggle pin number 2 in PORTC » PORTC = PORTC ^ (1<<PC2); - To toggle specified bit in register
- 17. DDRx Configure the port direction use register DDRX 1 for Output. 0 for Input. DDRA=0xFF; //initialize portA as output DDRB=0x00; //initialize portB as input
- 18. PORTx When I need to Write data as 0 0V , 1 5V . - set DDRx as output PORTA=0xFF; //ALL portA are output 5V PORTA=0x00; //ALL portA are output 0V
- 19. PINx When I need to Write data as 0 0V , 1 5V . - set DDRx as input X = PINA; //PORTA as input and data save in X
- 21. • To use the delay feature, we need to include header file <util/delay.h> and write before it # define F_CPU 8000000ul to achieve the required delay . – _delay_ms(1000); //Delay 1000 ms = 1 second. – _delay_ms(100); //Delay 100 ms.
- 22. Buttons • Pushbutton 1- pull-up mode 2- pull-down mode Button V out No push 5 V Push 0 V Button V out No Push 0 V Push 5 V
- 23. Note in case you set any PIN as input you can activate the internal pull up resistor by setting the corresponding bit in PORTX register. Example To set the pin 2 in PORTB as input pin and use the internal pull up resistor of this pin. DDRB = DDRB & (~(1<<PB2)); PORTB= PORTB | (1<<PB2);