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Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that maintain life, including energy metabolism. The body obtains energy from breaking down nutrients like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids through a series of catabolic reactions. This releases energy in the form of ATP, which is then used to drive anabolic reactions that build complex molecules. Key processes in energy metabolism include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, which use oxygen to convert nutrients into ATP with approximately 50% efficiency.
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Metabolism Definition, Its types and relevant processes involved, 13.02.2024...
Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that maintain life in the body. It includes energy metabolism, which is how the body obtains and uses energy from food. There are two main types of metabolic pathways - anabolism, which builds larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy, and catabolism, which breaks down larger molecules into smaller units and releases energy. Metabolism occurs in cells and involves the breakdown of nutrients into smaller units that enter common pathways to be used for energy production or biosynthesis. The liver is a major site of metabolic activity.
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Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that maintain life, including energy metabolism and the building and breakdown of compounds. Energy is used to build larger molecules through anabolism and released during catabolism. ATP is the main energy source for cells, produced through catabolism. Metabolic efficiency converts about 50% of food energy to ATP with the rest lost as heat. Nutrients are broken down into smaller units through digestion then further broken down into two-carbon compounds to be degraded into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy. Enzymes and coenzymes facilitate these chemical reactions.
Introdction of metabolism
1. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that take place in living organisms to sustain life. It includes breaking down nutrients into smaller units and building up complex molecules.
2. Glucose, fats, and proteins are broken down through various pathways to ultimately form acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to generate energy in the form of ATP. Less oxygen results in lactic acid formation from glucose.
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1. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. It involves the breakdown of glucose and other food molecules, capturing some energy to produce ATP and other compounds while releasing carbon dioxide and water.
2. ATP is the "energy currency" of cells. It is used to store and transport chemical energy within cells to power energy-requiring cellular processes. ATP is regenerated through catabolic reactions when its phosphate bonds are broken.
3. NADH and FADH2 act as electron carriers that shuttle energy extracted from nutrients to sites of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. NADPH similarly transports energy but for biosynthesis rather than ATP production.
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POST RN BSCN completed notes prepared by sir niamat ullah integrated science II
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Metabolism Definition, Its types and relevant processes involved, 13.02.2024...
Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that maintain life in the body. It includes energy metabolism, which is how the body obtains and uses energy from food. There are two main types of metabolic pathways - anabolism, which builds larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy, and catabolism, which breaks down larger molecules into smaller units and releases energy. Metabolism occurs in cells and involves the breakdown of nutrients into smaller units that enter common pathways to be used for energy production or biosynthesis. The liver is a major site of metabolic activity.
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Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that maintain life, including energy metabolism and the building and breakdown of compounds. Energy is used to build larger molecules through anabolism and released during catabolism. ATP is the main energy source for cells, produced through catabolism. Metabolic efficiency converts about 50% of food energy to ATP with the rest lost as heat. Nutrients are broken down into smaller units through digestion then further broken down into two-carbon compounds to be degraded into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy. Enzymes and coenzymes facilitate these chemical reactions.
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1. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that take place in living organisms to sustain life. It includes breaking down nutrients into smaller units and building up complex molecules.
2. Glucose, fats, and proteins are broken down through various pathways to ultimately form acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to generate energy in the form of ATP. Less oxygen results in lactic acid formation from glucose.
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1. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. It involves the breakdown of glucose and other food molecules, capturing some energy to produce ATP and other compounds while releasing carbon dioxide and water.
2. ATP is the "energy currency" of cells. It is used to store and transport chemical energy within cells to power energy-requiring cellular processes. ATP is regenerated through catabolic reactions when its phosphate bonds are broken.
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POST RN BSCN completed notes prepared by sir niamat ullah integrated science II
PHONE NO 03412858609
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This document summarizes various metabolic pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the hexose monophosphate shunt, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen metabolism. It also describes how these pathways are regulated and integrated in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and brain in both the fed and starved states to meet energy demands and fuel needs of the body.
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- The products of digestion are incorporated into mixed micelles for absorption. Long chain fatty acids are absorbed into lymph rather than blood.
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Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down food molecules and release energy stored in chemical bonds. It occurs in the mitochondria and involves three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and yields some ATP. If oxygen is present, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain produce much more ATP through aerobic respiration. If oxygen is absent, fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by producing lactic acid or ethanol. Overall, cellular respiration releases energy from nutrients through breakdown and oxidation to fuel cellular functions and produce 36-38 ATP molecules. [/SUMMARY]
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Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose to extract energy through two main stages. In the first stage, glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvate with a small ATP yield. The second stage involves either aerobic respiration, using oxygen to produce much more ATP through the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, or fermentation when oxygen is absent. Aerobic respiration is much more efficient at producing ATP. The end products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
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سلولهای زنده برای انجام بسیاری از وظایف خود به انتقال انرژی از منابع خارجی نیاز دارند. همه ارگانیسمها باید از طریق فتوسنتز و تنفس سلولی این انرژی را از مولکول های آلی موجود درغذا بدست آورند. تنفس با استفاده از اکسیژن و تولید ATP، باعث شکستن این سوخت میشود. مواد زائد این نوع تنفس، دی اکسید کربن و آب، مواد اولیه فتوسنتز هستند. در این اسلاید، من سعی می کنم چگونگی برداشت سلولها از انرژی ذخیره شده در مولکولهای آلی و استفاده از آن برای تولید ATP از طریق تنفس سلولی را توضیح دهم.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks. All organism need to obtain this energy from organic molecules of food through photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Respiration breaks this fuel down, using oxygen and generating ATP. The waste products of this type of respiration, carbon dioxide and water, are the raw materials for photosynthesis. In this slide, I try to explain how cells harvest this energy stored in organic molecules and used it to generate ATP through cellular respiration.
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(source: Facweb.northseattle.edu. Lecture 9-Cellular
Respiration.http://facweb.northseattle.edu/lizthomas/Lecture%209.pdf. Accessed 1 January 2019.)
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The document discusses bioenergetics and cellular processes related to energy production. It begins by defining bioenergetics as the field concerning energy flow through living systems, including the study of cellular respiration and other metabolic pathways. It then provides an overview of glycolysis, discussing the two phases that convert glucose to pyruvate and produce ATP. The document also summarizes lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, and the citric acid cycle, noting their roles in further oxidizing pyruvate to extract energy through ATP production. Real world examples of these processes in areas like cancer metabolism and food production are also briefly mentioned.
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This document summarizes various metabolic pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the hexose monophosphate shunt, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen metabolism. It also describes how these pathways are regulated and integrated in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and brain in both the fed and starved states to meet energy demands and fuel needs of the body.
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The document summarizes lipid metabolism, including the digestion and absorption of lipids. Key points include:
- Lipids are digested in the mouth, stomach, and small intestines by lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic lipase. Emulsification by bile salts and enzymes increases the surface area for digestion.
- The products of digestion are incorporated into mixed micelles for absorption. Long chain fatty acids are absorbed into lymph rather than blood.
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Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down food molecules and release energy stored in chemical bonds. It occurs in the mitochondria and involves three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and yields some ATP. If oxygen is present, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain produce much more ATP through aerobic respiration. If oxygen is absent, fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by producing lactic acid or ethanol. Overall, cellular respiration releases energy from nutrients through breakdown and oxidation to fuel cellular functions and produce 36-38 ATP molecules. [/SUMMARY]
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Lipid metabolism involves the breakdown and storage of fats. Key processes include beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria, ketogenesis in the liver during fasting or diabetes, and de novo synthesis of fatty acids like palmitic acid. Cholesterol is important for cell membranes and can be converted to bile acids, steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone, and vitamin D. Disorders of lipid metabolism include hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, and obesity.
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Lipid metabolism involves the breakdown and storage of fats. Key processes include beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria, ketogenesis in the liver during fasting or starvation, and de novo synthesis of fatty acids like palmitic acid. Cholesterol is important for cell membranes and can be converted to bile acids, steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone, and vitamin D. Disorders of lipid metabolism include hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, and obesity.
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Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose and other food molecules within cells to extract energy to fuel life processes through oxidation reactions. Glucose undergoes glycolysis to form pyruvate, which is further oxidized in the mitochondria through the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain to generate large amounts of ATP, the energy currency of cells. Aerobic respiration completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide and water, trapping energy from electron carriers in ATP. Fermentation pathways produce little ATP and do not fully oxidize glucose.
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Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose to extract energy through two main stages. In the first stage, glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvate with a small ATP yield. The second stage involves either aerobic respiration, using oxygen to produce much more ATP through the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, or fermentation when oxygen is absent. Aerobic respiration is much more efficient at producing ATP. The end products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
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سلولهای زنده برای انجام بسیاری از وظایف خود به انتقال انرژی از منابع خارجی نیاز دارند. همه ارگانیسمها باید از طریق فتوسنتز و تنفس سلولی این انرژی را از مولکول های آلی موجود درغذا بدست آورند. تنفس با استفاده از اکسیژن و تولید ATP، باعث شکستن این سوخت میشود. مواد زائد این نوع تنفس، دی اکسید کربن و آب، مواد اولیه فتوسنتز هستند. در این اسلاید، من سعی می کنم چگونگی برداشت سلولها از انرژی ذخیره شده در مولکولهای آلی و استفاده از آن برای تولید ATP از طریق تنفس سلولی را توضیح دهم.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks. All organism need to obtain this energy from organic molecules of food through photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Respiration breaks this fuel down, using oxygen and generating ATP. The waste products of this type of respiration, carbon dioxide and water, are the raw materials for photosynthesis. In this slide, I try to explain how cells harvest this energy stored in organic molecules and used it to generate ATP through cellular respiration.
ZOO1- Cellular respiration
An in depth explanation of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration including the calculation of ATP's per stage on cellular respiration (Aerobic).
(source: Facweb.northseattle.edu. Lecture 9-Cellular
Respiration.http://facweb.northseattle.edu/lizthomas/Lecture%209.pdf. Accessed 1 January 2019.)
Metabolism and energy supply
This document discusses various topics relating to metabolism and energy supply. It defines metabolism as the totality of an organism's chemical reactions and discusses the two main types: catabolic pathways that break down molecules and release energy, and anabolic pathways that use energy to build molecules. It also describes the structures of ATP and how ATP is synthesized during cellular respiration. Key processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain are summarized. Factors that can affect metabolic rate like body size, temperature, and activity level are also covered.
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The document discusses bioenergetics and cellular processes related to energy production. It begins by defining bioenergetics as the field concerning energy flow through living systems, including the study of cellular respiration and other metabolic pathways. It then provides an overview of glycolysis, discussing the two phases that convert glucose to pyruvate and produce ATP. The document also summarizes lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, and the citric acid cycle, noting their roles in further oxidizing pyruvate to extract energy through ATP production. Real world examples of these processes in areas like cancer metabolism and food production are also briefly mentioned.
Respiration in higher plants
1. The document discusses cellular respiration in plants. It defines respiration as the process by which organisms obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose.
2. Photosynthesis provides plants with oxygen and organic compounds through chloroplasts, while respiration breaks down these compounds in cytoplasm and mitochondria to release energy through ATP.
3. The process of respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and partially oxidizes glucose to pyruvate, the Krebs cycle fully oxidizes pyruvate in the mitochondria producing carbon dioxide, and the electron transport chain uses oxygen to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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The document defines key terms related to metabolism, including metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, carbohydrates, and monomers. It then discusses various pathways and processes in metabolism, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis allows the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors like lactate and glycerol through a reversal of many glycolytic reactions.
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The document discusses key concepts in metabolism including photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ATP, and free energy. Photosynthesis uses light energy to convert CO2 and H2O into organic molecules and oxygen. Cellular respiration in mitochondria converts organic molecules back into CO2 and uses the energy released to produce ATP, which powers most cellular work. Metabolic pathways are classified as either catabolic, which breaks down molecules and releases energy, or anabolic, which builds molecules and requires energy. ATP acts as the main energy carrier in cells by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions like chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work.
Metabolism anabolism & catabolism made easy and simple
Metabolism refers to the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body's cells that convert food into energy and building blocks for cell growth and maintenance. Foods are broken down into simpler molecules like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids through digestion, which are then used and assembled into more complex molecules through metabolic pathways. These pathways involve both catabolic reactions that break down molecules to release energy and anabolic reactions that use energy to synthesize larger molecules. Thousands of interconnected metabolic reactions occur continuously in cells to sustain life.
Respiration in plants
The document summarizes various aspects of cellular respiration in plants. It discusses cellular respiration, where glucose and other molecules are broken down to release energy stored as ATP. It also describes the different pathways of respiration - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system. The final stages of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are compared, noting that aerobic respiration fully breaks down glucose to carbon dioxide and water, yielding more ATP. The roles of fermentation, the fate of pyruvic acid, and the amphibolic nature of respiration are also summarized.
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This document provides an introduction to anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, discusses the relationship between the two, and outlines several key topics including the levels of biological organization, anatomical position and directional terms, body cavities, and systems. It also describes methods for dividing the abdominal-pelvic region into nine regions and four quadrants to identify the location of internal organs. The overall purpose is to introduce foundational concepts of anatomy and physiology.
Lecture 3 Cell_structure_function.ppt
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It defines the cell and describes its basic components, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and various organelles. It explains the functions of organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and others. It also summarizes the key events and phases of cell division through mitosis and meiosis, and how cells transport materials across the plasma membrane through both passive and active mechanisms.
Lecture 9 CVS.pptx
This document provides an overview of blood and the circulatory system. It defines blood and lists its functions, describes the cellular components of blood, and explains the ABO and Rh blood group systems. It also details the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and the two types of blood circulation (pulmonary and systemic).
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This document provides an overview of blood and the circulatory system. It defines blood and lists its functions, describes the cellular components of blood, and explains the ABO and Rh blood group systems. It also details the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and the two types of blood circulation (pulmonary and systemic).
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UNIT 03 Final Adrenergic _ Anti Adrenergic Drugs, Educational Platform.pptx
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Loss, Death, and Grieving.pptx 222222-1.pptx
The document discusses loss, death, grieving and the nursing care of dying patients. It defines death and outlines the physiological signs of death. It describes common beliefs about death across different age groups. It discusses meeting the physical, spiritual and emotional needs of dying patients, as well as the care of the body after death. It also covers grief, loss and Kubler-Ross' stages of grief. Finally, it discusses the nursing implications of caring for dying patients and their families.
environment.pptx
This document discusses the environment and its impact on community health. It defines environment as internal and external factors that affect human health. The components of environment include physical, biological, social, and cultural. Factors like food, water, housing, and clothing influence health. Polluted environment affects both living and non-living things. Community health nurses can educate the public on pollution prevention and identify those suffering from issues like polluted water or air. The document also discusses water, its uses and sources. It describes water-borne diseases and methods of water purification at small and large scales.
Lecture 10 Lymphatic System.pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system. It defines the lymphatic system as a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste, and other unwanted materials. The key components include lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The main functions of the lymphatic system are to transport lymph, drain excess tissue fluid, transport dietary lipids, and carry out immune responses.
oxygenation.pptx
This document discusses oxygenation and its relationship to respiratory and cardiovascular function. It covers topics like the physiology of oxygenation, factors that affect oxygenation like age, environment, lifestyle, and health status. Common manifestations of altered respiratory and cardiovascular function are described, like dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxia. Life span changes and problems related to respiration and circulation at different ages are outlined. The document also discusses respiratory and cardiac emergencies, and the nursing process for assessment and care planning for patients with respiratory or cardiovascular issues.
Elimination pattern.pptx
This document discusses elimination patterns and common urinary and fecal elimination problems. It defines elimination as removing waste from the body. The urinary elimination pattern depends on coordinated kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra function. Common urinary problems include retention, infections, incontinence, and diversion. Nursing interventions for urinary issues include obtaining urine samples, increasing fluids, administering medications, maintaining acidic urine, and using sterile technique with catheters. The document also covers fecal elimination problems and nursing management.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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- 1. METABOLISM
- 2. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz Metabolism: • Metabolism: refers to the entire network of chemical processes involved in maintaining life. • Energy metabolism: the ways that the body obtains and spends energy from food.
- 3. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz • Anabolism: The building of compounds from small molecules into larger ones. Energy is used for this process to take place. • Catabolism: The breakdown of molecules into smaller units. Energy is released in this process. – Ex: Glucose catabolism results in the release of CO2 and H2O
- 4. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): • The main energy source of cells. • Used for muscular contractions, enzyme activity, etc. • Catabolism results in the production of many ATP molecules: energy. • Used by the body when energy is needed. • Hydrolysis breaks the bonds in ATP, thus releasing energy.
- 5. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz Metabolic Efficiency: • Food energy is converted to ATP with approximately 50% efficiency. • The other 50% is released as heat.
- 6. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz The Cell: Q: Approximately how many cells does the human body contain? A: 1x1014 cells or 100,000,000,000,000. (100 trillion cells)
- 7. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz The Cell: • The site for metabolic activity. • Liver cells are the most metabolically active.
- 8. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz How is energy produced? Three stages: 1. Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats are broken down during digestion and absorption into smaller units: AAs, monosaccharides and fatty acids. 2. These smaller compounds are further broken down into 2-carbon compounds. 3. Compounds are degraded into CO2 and H20.
- 9. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz Helpers in reactions: • Enzymes: proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in the process; protein catalysts. • Coenzymes: assist enzymes in their activities.
- 10. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz Breakdown of nutrients for energy: 1. Glucose breakdown 2. Glycerol and Fatty Acid breakdown 3. Amino Acid breakdown Common Pathway Energy Fats Carbohydrates Protein
- 11. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz 1. Glucose breakdown Glycolysis: A reaction in which glucose is degraded to pyruvate; net profit: 2 ATP. An anaerobic pathway. Glucose Pyruvate Lactic Acid Acetyl CoA Oxygen available 2 ATP Less oxygen available
- 12. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz The path from Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is NOT reversible.
- 13. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz
- 14. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz 2. Glycerol and Fatty Acid breakdown Triglycerides are broken into: Glycerol and Fatty Acids (lipolysis). Glucose Glycerol Pyruvate Fatty acids Acetyl CoA
- 15. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz 3. Amino Acid breakdown Glucose Amino Acids Pyruvate Amino Acids Acetyl CoA Amino Acids TCA Cycle
- 16. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz 3. Amino Acid breakdown (cont.) • Deamination: AA Keto acid and Ammonia • Transamination • Ammonia Urea in the Liver • Urea excreted via the kidneys • Water needed for urea excretion
- 17. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz The TCA Cycle: • Functions to convert Acetyl CoA to CO2 and to produce energy. • Oxaloacetate combines with Acetyl CoA to begin the cycle. • The result: produces potential ATP (energy).
- 18. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz The Electron Transport Chain: • The primary site for ATP (energy) synthesis. • Uses Oxygen to convert products of the TCA cycle into energy.
- 19. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz Why is fat higher in energy? •Fat’s carbon-hydrogen bonds can be easily oxidized, yieldin energy (ATP). •1 glucose molecule yields 38 ATP when oxidized. •1 fatty-acid (16-C) will yield 129 ATP when oxidized.