This document discusses 3D data management and visualization of places. It describes challenges in defining accuracy for 3D digital representations. It also discusses the potential benefits of a national 3D dataset for decision making through improved information management, conservation, urban planning, and public consultation. Different levels of detail are described for 3D models from block models to detailed interiors. Standards like CityGML are mentioned. Integrating 3D GIS with BIM is also briefly discussed. Quotes provide perspectives on making 3D GIS easier to use for analyzing and visualizing spatial information.
This document discusses 3D data management and visualization of places. It addresses the definition of realistic digital representations and the potential uses of a national 3D dataset for decision making. Key applications discussed include information management, conservation, urban planning, and public consultation. Different levels of detail are examined from block models to detailed interiors. Standards like CityGML are also summarized. The importance of 3D GIS for easier analysis and communication by users is highlighted.
The document discusses the use of 3D data management and visualization for places. It questions whether a national 3D data set is needed or if it is looking for problems to solve. It also discusses using 3D modeling at different levels of detail to improve decision making in areas like information management, conservation, urban planning, and public consultation. Level of detail can range from block models to detailed interior models. CityGML is presented as an open standard for 3D city and landscape models.
Create Minecraft Worlds with ArcGIS and the Data Interoperability ExtensionSafe Software
GIS professionals are experiencing excellent results combining GIS and gaming worlds such as Minecraft to engage wider and younger audiences to solve real problems. City planning, crisis management (floods, fires, etc.) and other tasks become fun and accessible to the public. Attendees will discover how to move IFC, Revit, CityEngine, and all kinds of other data through ArcGIS and into Minecraft using the ArcGIS Data Interoperability Extension. Implemented customer examples will be presented alongside strategies and tips, equipping attendees to implement these skills themselves.
Presentation by Kenneth Field at International Cartographic Conference, Dresden 2013.
Much has been made about web maps being a new map-making medium even to the extent that they’re often referred to as a whole new breed of maps (e.g. intelligent web maps) or that they define a new paradigm in cartography. The democratization of map-making has certainly been pivotal in developing new ways of publishing maps and by new map-makers but cartography has always been a milieu defined by the varying dimensions of science, art and technology. The last of these has always been hugely defining and has gone a long way to determining how a map appears. Trends in ornate lettering were largely brought about by the skill of the copperplate engraver. Full colour map production was underpinned by developments in printing and digital map production technologies. Now, barriers to online map production have diminished; data has never been more easily gathered using mobile devices or acquired through online sources so making a map has never been easier in terms of their construction.
This is of huge consequence to the art of cartography. Technological development has been so rapid due to the perceived need to create a framework that allows anyone to make a map. What this has resulted in is more maps and, consequently, more bad maps. This paper does not seek to simply shine a light on the widespread abuse of maps brought about by recent change but, rather, to focus on an assessment of the way in which web mapping is both redefining and challenging cartography. I use a case study approach based on the parallel print and web production of a map designed to tell the story of deaths in Grand Canyon.
The Death in Grand Canyon map is the first of its kind to depict over 700 known deaths in the Grand Canyon. The purpose of the map was to catalogue the deaths spatially; to give them a locational context and to display the thematic information of the nature of the events of each death ranging from falls and drownings to snake bites, suicides and murders. Each death has a very individual story but collectively, they tell a bigger story of the danger that such a magnificent but dangerous environment poses to humans. The map was used as a vehicle to explicitly explore the differences between print and web as a publication medium and how the medium affects the design process.
The print map was designed as a large format poster; the web map as a multiscale information product for viewing on screen and mobile devices. Each was treated as a separate product and designed within the constraints and opportunities afforded by the two different production technologies. This paper explores how design principles and the use of different cartographic methods were largely driven by the different technologies of production and what they meant for how the story was to be communicated by each.
The document discusses using 3D LIDAR data and multi-agent geosimulation to model urban morphogenesis and assess the impacts of new development scenarios. Key aspects include developing an accurate 3D surface model from LIDAR and cadaster data to analyze visibility and sunlight exposure. Agents representing buildings and urban elements interact based on programmed behaviors and environmental factors. Preliminary results show visibility is an important parameter and LIDAR data provides precision, though computations are time-consuming. Further applications of high-resolution 3D LIDAR data could improve simulation accuracy and dynamic visualization.
Conekt provides engineering consultancy and testing services to companies across industries. It developed an efficient process to reduce data from cameras descending on an array by extracting key frames for 3D map generation. This was demonstrated by presenting a mixed 3D/2D context view from a ground-launched system. Going forward, Conekt aims to enable real-time high tempo 2D imaging, automate base station processing for faster 3D modeling, and integrate the system onto various vehicles and soldier-mounted devices.
CONVR 2010 - Visualisation of semantic architectural information within a gam...Pieter Pauwels
This document discusses visualizing semantic architectural information from a building information model (BIM) within a game engine environment. It explores using existing virtual environments and game engines for visualization. It is determined that Unity3D game engine is well suited. The document then discusses implementing functionality to connect a BIM model exported to FBX format to the Linked Open Data cloud for enriched information. Queries can then be made to access BIM and other semantic information from within the Unity3D virtual environment. The objectives of bringing BIM into the semantic web and easily visualizing models while accessing additional linked data are achieved, but further research is needed on connections to linked data and improved user interface.
This document discusses 3D data management and visualization of places. It addresses the definition of realistic digital representations and the potential uses of a national 3D dataset for decision making. Key applications discussed include information management, conservation, urban planning, and public consultation. Different levels of detail are examined from block models to detailed interiors. Standards like CityGML are also summarized. The importance of 3D GIS for easier analysis and communication by users is highlighted.
The document discusses the use of 3D data management and visualization for places. It questions whether a national 3D data set is needed or if it is looking for problems to solve. It also discusses using 3D modeling at different levels of detail to improve decision making in areas like information management, conservation, urban planning, and public consultation. Level of detail can range from block models to detailed interior models. CityGML is presented as an open standard for 3D city and landscape models.
Create Minecraft Worlds with ArcGIS and the Data Interoperability ExtensionSafe Software
GIS professionals are experiencing excellent results combining GIS and gaming worlds such as Minecraft to engage wider and younger audiences to solve real problems. City planning, crisis management (floods, fires, etc.) and other tasks become fun and accessible to the public. Attendees will discover how to move IFC, Revit, CityEngine, and all kinds of other data through ArcGIS and into Minecraft using the ArcGIS Data Interoperability Extension. Implemented customer examples will be presented alongside strategies and tips, equipping attendees to implement these skills themselves.
Presentation by Kenneth Field at International Cartographic Conference, Dresden 2013.
Much has been made about web maps being a new map-making medium even to the extent that they’re often referred to as a whole new breed of maps (e.g. intelligent web maps) or that they define a new paradigm in cartography. The democratization of map-making has certainly been pivotal in developing new ways of publishing maps and by new map-makers but cartography has always been a milieu defined by the varying dimensions of science, art and technology. The last of these has always been hugely defining and has gone a long way to determining how a map appears. Trends in ornate lettering were largely brought about by the skill of the copperplate engraver. Full colour map production was underpinned by developments in printing and digital map production technologies. Now, barriers to online map production have diminished; data has never been more easily gathered using mobile devices or acquired through online sources so making a map has never been easier in terms of their construction.
This is of huge consequence to the art of cartography. Technological development has been so rapid due to the perceived need to create a framework that allows anyone to make a map. What this has resulted in is more maps and, consequently, more bad maps. This paper does not seek to simply shine a light on the widespread abuse of maps brought about by recent change but, rather, to focus on an assessment of the way in which web mapping is both redefining and challenging cartography. I use a case study approach based on the parallel print and web production of a map designed to tell the story of deaths in Grand Canyon.
The Death in Grand Canyon map is the first of its kind to depict over 700 known deaths in the Grand Canyon. The purpose of the map was to catalogue the deaths spatially; to give them a locational context and to display the thematic information of the nature of the events of each death ranging from falls and drownings to snake bites, suicides and murders. Each death has a very individual story but collectively, they tell a bigger story of the danger that such a magnificent but dangerous environment poses to humans. The map was used as a vehicle to explicitly explore the differences between print and web as a publication medium and how the medium affects the design process.
The print map was designed as a large format poster; the web map as a multiscale information product for viewing on screen and mobile devices. Each was treated as a separate product and designed within the constraints and opportunities afforded by the two different production technologies. This paper explores how design principles and the use of different cartographic methods were largely driven by the different technologies of production and what they meant for how the story was to be communicated by each.
The document discusses using 3D LIDAR data and multi-agent geosimulation to model urban morphogenesis and assess the impacts of new development scenarios. Key aspects include developing an accurate 3D surface model from LIDAR and cadaster data to analyze visibility and sunlight exposure. Agents representing buildings and urban elements interact based on programmed behaviors and environmental factors. Preliminary results show visibility is an important parameter and LIDAR data provides precision, though computations are time-consuming. Further applications of high-resolution 3D LIDAR data could improve simulation accuracy and dynamic visualization.
Conekt provides engineering consultancy and testing services to companies across industries. It developed an efficient process to reduce data from cameras descending on an array by extracting key frames for 3D map generation. This was demonstrated by presenting a mixed 3D/2D context view from a ground-launched system. Going forward, Conekt aims to enable real-time high tempo 2D imaging, automate base station processing for faster 3D modeling, and integrate the system onto various vehicles and soldier-mounted devices.
CONVR 2010 - Visualisation of semantic architectural information within a gam...Pieter Pauwels
This document discusses visualizing semantic architectural information from a building information model (BIM) within a game engine environment. It explores using existing virtual environments and game engines for visualization. It is determined that Unity3D game engine is well suited. The document then discusses implementing functionality to connect a BIM model exported to FBX format to the Linked Open Data cloud for enriched information. Queries can then be made to access BIM and other semantic information from within the Unity3D virtual environment. The objectives of bringing BIM into the semantic web and easily visualizing models while accessing additional linked data are achieved, but further research is needed on connections to linked data and improved user interface.
First presented at The Esri UK Annual Conference 2013, 21st May 2013, London, UK.
Geo-Enabling Collaboration for Construction
Steven Eglinton, GeoEnable, with Lily Wydra, Argent (Property Development) Services
With a case study of the King’s Cross Central development, this presentation will discuss the implications of emergent Cloud-based GIS and interfaces that allow non-GIS professionals to create, maintain and share controlled geospatial informational and what the ramification of these technologies are for current and future GIS Professionals.
This presentation will explore how Business Process Management (BPM) should lead geospatial and wider Information Management (IM) practices and will discuss how location information is rapidly becoming part of mainstream ICT and the Web empowering the vision of a Geo-Enabled Cloud.
Argent’s GIS Manager, will demonstrate how ArcGIS Online for Organizations is being used on the King’s Cross Central development, to enable business-wide communication and collaboration, enabled by the new geospatial platform.
For more information visit: http://www.geoenable.com
Presentació realitzada pel Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Kolbe, de l'Institut für Geodäsie, Geoinformatik und Landmanagement de la Universitat Tècnica de Munic, el dia 22/01/2015 a l'ICGC
Presentation from the Data Swap conference at Northeastern University on Oct 17th, 2013. Gives an overview of the Power of Maps, a project using geodata, and a quick tour of mapping technologies on the web.
This document discusses bridging the gap between geographic information systems (GIS) and building information modeling (BIM) to build a sustainable railway network using consistent digital information. It proposes collecting data once at the source and sharing it throughout the asset lifecycle. Current GIS and BIM standards like InfraGML, IFC, and LandXML are examined for integrating railway design data with 3D reality models from lidar scans. The document demonstrates a proof of concept for extracting rail information from point clouds, reading 3D LandXML designs, and comparing plans to reality. It concludes that BIM-GIS integration is relevant for infrastructure and that software like FME can help fill interoperability gaps.
This document provides an overview of the DataArt project, which aims to visualize data in creative and informative ways. It discusses infographics and data visualization. It then showcases several DataArt projects that visualize different types of data sources, such as news, music, and videos, in interactive web-based visualizations. The document also outlines the data sources and coding methods used to develop the visualizations, such as scraping data sets and using APIs with programming languages like Python, JavaScript, and Flash. Finally, it notes that interactive design elements like user input boxes and buttons are used to engage users.
This document discusses automating spatial data sharing between data producers and end users in Wallonia, Belgium. It describes using FME to create an integrated workflow that simplifies data sharing. The workflow validates and transforms data from multiple producers into various formats, then distributes updated data on demand to end users based on their specifications. This automated process saves time by eliminating repetitive manual data distribution tasks.
Digital Transformation in the Connected Cities EraKarim Rizkallah
Government agencies are looking to implement digital strategies, develop their talent pool with digital skills and promote services that address citizens' requirements.
The ideas explored in Connected Cities chart the emergence of a political and economic phenomenon-the city as the new connected republic of the 21st Century. Simon Willis, Global Head of eGovernment for the Internet Business Solutions Group at Cisco Systems, has collated essays that show how different cities, at the cutting edge of the process, are grappling with the various stages of connectivity.
The slide deck used at the launch of the IC Tomorrow Connected Cities Challenge (10 Sept 2014). Full details at https://ictomorrow.innovateuk.org/web/connected-cities-innovation-contest
Green and Connected Cities - ICT 2008 Networking sessionACIDD
ACIDD and Grenoble Management School presented the Club Green and Connected Cities at ICT2008 in Lyon during a networking session. The Club Green and Connected Cities is a cluster of cities, industrials, universities, non-profit orgnizations, local authorities, companies working together closely to imagine, test and build innovative and operational initiatives to support interconnected and sustainable cities for the 21st century through the appropriate use of new collaborative and unified technologies.
This document outlines plans for the City of Glasgow to release open data and create a new open data website at OPEN.glasgow.gov.uk. It discusses four themes for open data including empowering citizens with data, making city infrastructure data available, linking asset data, and demonstrating data collection. The goals are to make more city data freely available and linkable in order to engage citizens and community organizations to find innovative solutions for the city using open data.
The document provides an overview of congestive heart failure (CHF), including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, and treatment recommendations. It discusses how CHF results from neurohumoral and remodeling processes in the heart. Successful treatment requires addressing the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Evidence shows that ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, ARBs, and diuretics can improve outcomes when used appropriately based on the patient's stage of CHF.
Glasgow has taken the stance that a Future City isn’t simply a smart city of technology. The people make the Future City: when citizens participate and help the city meet people’s needs. What skills do citizens need to be able to articulate their needs and be part of the solution?
Answering this question is the aim of the OPEN Glasgow Engagement and Literacy Programme
A Geek's Smart City Tour of Barcelona: How the IoT can help townsPaul Wallbank
A walking tour of Barcelona that looks at some of the ways the city is using smartcity technologies to improve the lives of its citizens, reinvigorate industry and reduce the cost of government with the Internet of Things (IoT).
This document outlines Glasgow's journey to becoming a future city through innovative use of technology and data. It discusses four main themes - quality of life, economy, environment, and system integration. It promotes opening city data and hosting hackathons to encourage citizens and organizations to use data to help improve the city in areas like transportation, health, energy, and public safety. The goal is to empower citizens and create a more resilient, intelligent city for all.
I developed this presentation as a member of the Union Square Redevelopment Civic Advisory Committee (CAC) and its Transportation and Infrastructure subcommittee. The presentation was made to fellow CAC members, members of the public, Somerville City Government staff, US2 (the Master Developer) staff, and other group representatives including Union Square Main Streets, Union Square Neighbors, and the Union United Coalition on 7-14-15. The purpose of the talk is to present underlying concepts, benefits, and options related to smart city infrastructure in the context of Union Square Somerville. My intent was to spark discussion and further consideration including the idea of making Union Square an urban innovation lab (to attract employers, improve civic life, and support public and private services and benefits) for the entire city and beyond.
Stephen Hilton - ND2012 Day 1, Plenary 2: Super-connected CitiesGoONND2012
The document discusses Bristol's plans to become a "Gigabit City" with readily available high-speed internet connectivity. It notes that local businesses and organizations increasingly require high-bandwidth connections for tasks like video production and communication. Bristol aims to provide gigabit connectivity to 5000 businesses, 5000 university students, and 5000 social housing tenants. It also plans to expand the citywide wireless network and use the improved connectivity to foster innovation through partnerships between different sectors.
Data Analytics for Smart Cities: Looking Back, Looking Forward PayamBarnaghi
This document discusses data analytics for smart cities. It describes how large volumes of data from sources like traffic, weather, and social media can be analyzed to provide insights and improve city management. However, ensuring privacy, security, and that citizens remain in control of their data is challenging. Open data standards and complementary datasets are also needed to fully understand events. Overall, data analytics enables new smart city applications but also raises issues that must be addressed regarding data quality, context, and governance.
The document discusses how connected cities and consumers are changing the relationship between brands and municipalities. As more people live in urban areas and use mobile devices, brands are finding new ways to engage with citizens and contribute to cities. Some of the opportunities discussed include improving infrastructure, celebrating neighborhoods, providing useful apps and services, developing future city concepts, enhancing the urban experience, and letting citizens help shape their city. The document argues that brands should contribute value to communities rather than just focus on promotion, and that open data and platforms can improve cities.
Smart Connected Cities Cisco Vision & Perspective by Ravinder Pal SinghIPPAI
The document discusses the concept of smart connected cities and how digital infrastructure and internet of everything technologies can enable smart city capabilities. It notes that everything will be connected by 2050 with 50 billion connected devices and that application-centric infrastructure will be essential. It describes how smart city services across different domains like transportation, healthcare, and energy can be integrated and outlines the benefits of smart sustainable communities like reductions in crime, traffic, and resource consumption. Finally, it provides an example of how Cisco has helped the city of Barcelona create a smart city that generated billions in value and thousands of new jobs through integrated smart services and technologies.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Big Data, Internet of Things (IOT), dan Smart City. Ia menjelaskan dimensi data pengguna perilaku di platform Google, Facebook, Twitter, dan bank seperti pencarian, video, lokasi, status, transaksi keuangan. Kemudian membahas tentang teknologi IOT yang terdiri dari sensor, Hadoop, MapReduce, machine learning. Tujuan akhir dari Big Data dan IOT adalah menghasilkan analisis deskriptif dan prediktif untuk mendukung pembangun
First presented at The Esri UK Annual Conference 2013, 21st May 2013, London, UK.
Geo-Enabling Collaboration for Construction
Steven Eglinton, GeoEnable, with Lily Wydra, Argent (Property Development) Services
With a case study of the King’s Cross Central development, this presentation will discuss the implications of emergent Cloud-based GIS and interfaces that allow non-GIS professionals to create, maintain and share controlled geospatial informational and what the ramification of these technologies are for current and future GIS Professionals.
This presentation will explore how Business Process Management (BPM) should lead geospatial and wider Information Management (IM) practices and will discuss how location information is rapidly becoming part of mainstream ICT and the Web empowering the vision of a Geo-Enabled Cloud.
Argent’s GIS Manager, will demonstrate how ArcGIS Online for Organizations is being used on the King’s Cross Central development, to enable business-wide communication and collaboration, enabled by the new geospatial platform.
For more information visit: http://www.geoenable.com
Presentació realitzada pel Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Kolbe, de l'Institut für Geodäsie, Geoinformatik und Landmanagement de la Universitat Tècnica de Munic, el dia 22/01/2015 a l'ICGC
Presentation from the Data Swap conference at Northeastern University on Oct 17th, 2013. Gives an overview of the Power of Maps, a project using geodata, and a quick tour of mapping technologies on the web.
This document discusses bridging the gap between geographic information systems (GIS) and building information modeling (BIM) to build a sustainable railway network using consistent digital information. It proposes collecting data once at the source and sharing it throughout the asset lifecycle. Current GIS and BIM standards like InfraGML, IFC, and LandXML are examined for integrating railway design data with 3D reality models from lidar scans. The document demonstrates a proof of concept for extracting rail information from point clouds, reading 3D LandXML designs, and comparing plans to reality. It concludes that BIM-GIS integration is relevant for infrastructure and that software like FME can help fill interoperability gaps.
This document provides an overview of the DataArt project, which aims to visualize data in creative and informative ways. It discusses infographics and data visualization. It then showcases several DataArt projects that visualize different types of data sources, such as news, music, and videos, in interactive web-based visualizations. The document also outlines the data sources and coding methods used to develop the visualizations, such as scraping data sets and using APIs with programming languages like Python, JavaScript, and Flash. Finally, it notes that interactive design elements like user input boxes and buttons are used to engage users.
This document discusses automating spatial data sharing between data producers and end users in Wallonia, Belgium. It describes using FME to create an integrated workflow that simplifies data sharing. The workflow validates and transforms data from multiple producers into various formats, then distributes updated data on demand to end users based on their specifications. This automated process saves time by eliminating repetitive manual data distribution tasks.
Digital Transformation in the Connected Cities EraKarim Rizkallah
Government agencies are looking to implement digital strategies, develop their talent pool with digital skills and promote services that address citizens' requirements.
The ideas explored in Connected Cities chart the emergence of a political and economic phenomenon-the city as the new connected republic of the 21st Century. Simon Willis, Global Head of eGovernment for the Internet Business Solutions Group at Cisco Systems, has collated essays that show how different cities, at the cutting edge of the process, are grappling with the various stages of connectivity.
The slide deck used at the launch of the IC Tomorrow Connected Cities Challenge (10 Sept 2014). Full details at https://ictomorrow.innovateuk.org/web/connected-cities-innovation-contest
Green and Connected Cities - ICT 2008 Networking sessionACIDD
ACIDD and Grenoble Management School presented the Club Green and Connected Cities at ICT2008 in Lyon during a networking session. The Club Green and Connected Cities is a cluster of cities, industrials, universities, non-profit orgnizations, local authorities, companies working together closely to imagine, test and build innovative and operational initiatives to support interconnected and sustainable cities for the 21st century through the appropriate use of new collaborative and unified technologies.
This document outlines plans for the City of Glasgow to release open data and create a new open data website at OPEN.glasgow.gov.uk. It discusses four themes for open data including empowering citizens with data, making city infrastructure data available, linking asset data, and demonstrating data collection. The goals are to make more city data freely available and linkable in order to engage citizens and community organizations to find innovative solutions for the city using open data.
The document provides an overview of congestive heart failure (CHF), including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, and treatment recommendations. It discusses how CHF results from neurohumoral and remodeling processes in the heart. Successful treatment requires addressing the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Evidence shows that ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, ARBs, and diuretics can improve outcomes when used appropriately based on the patient's stage of CHF.
Glasgow has taken the stance that a Future City isn’t simply a smart city of technology. The people make the Future City: when citizens participate and help the city meet people’s needs. What skills do citizens need to be able to articulate their needs and be part of the solution?
Answering this question is the aim of the OPEN Glasgow Engagement and Literacy Programme
A Geek's Smart City Tour of Barcelona: How the IoT can help townsPaul Wallbank
A walking tour of Barcelona that looks at some of the ways the city is using smartcity technologies to improve the lives of its citizens, reinvigorate industry and reduce the cost of government with the Internet of Things (IoT).
This document outlines Glasgow's journey to becoming a future city through innovative use of technology and data. It discusses four main themes - quality of life, economy, environment, and system integration. It promotes opening city data and hosting hackathons to encourage citizens and organizations to use data to help improve the city in areas like transportation, health, energy, and public safety. The goal is to empower citizens and create a more resilient, intelligent city for all.
I developed this presentation as a member of the Union Square Redevelopment Civic Advisory Committee (CAC) and its Transportation and Infrastructure subcommittee. The presentation was made to fellow CAC members, members of the public, Somerville City Government staff, US2 (the Master Developer) staff, and other group representatives including Union Square Main Streets, Union Square Neighbors, and the Union United Coalition on 7-14-15. The purpose of the talk is to present underlying concepts, benefits, and options related to smart city infrastructure in the context of Union Square Somerville. My intent was to spark discussion and further consideration including the idea of making Union Square an urban innovation lab (to attract employers, improve civic life, and support public and private services and benefits) for the entire city and beyond.
Stephen Hilton - ND2012 Day 1, Plenary 2: Super-connected CitiesGoONND2012
The document discusses Bristol's plans to become a "Gigabit City" with readily available high-speed internet connectivity. It notes that local businesses and organizations increasingly require high-bandwidth connections for tasks like video production and communication. Bristol aims to provide gigabit connectivity to 5000 businesses, 5000 university students, and 5000 social housing tenants. It also plans to expand the citywide wireless network and use the improved connectivity to foster innovation through partnerships between different sectors.
Data Analytics for Smart Cities: Looking Back, Looking Forward PayamBarnaghi
This document discusses data analytics for smart cities. It describes how large volumes of data from sources like traffic, weather, and social media can be analyzed to provide insights and improve city management. However, ensuring privacy, security, and that citizens remain in control of their data is challenging. Open data standards and complementary datasets are also needed to fully understand events. Overall, data analytics enables new smart city applications but also raises issues that must be addressed regarding data quality, context, and governance.
The document discusses how connected cities and consumers are changing the relationship between brands and municipalities. As more people live in urban areas and use mobile devices, brands are finding new ways to engage with citizens and contribute to cities. Some of the opportunities discussed include improving infrastructure, celebrating neighborhoods, providing useful apps and services, developing future city concepts, enhancing the urban experience, and letting citizens help shape their city. The document argues that brands should contribute value to communities rather than just focus on promotion, and that open data and platforms can improve cities.
Smart Connected Cities Cisco Vision & Perspective by Ravinder Pal SinghIPPAI
The document discusses the concept of smart connected cities and how digital infrastructure and internet of everything technologies can enable smart city capabilities. It notes that everything will be connected by 2050 with 50 billion connected devices and that application-centric infrastructure will be essential. It describes how smart city services across different domains like transportation, healthcare, and energy can be integrated and outlines the benefits of smart sustainable communities like reductions in crime, traffic, and resource consumption. Finally, it provides an example of how Cisco has helped the city of Barcelona create a smart city that generated billions in value and thousands of new jobs through integrated smart services and technologies.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Big Data, Internet of Things (IOT), dan Smart City. Ia menjelaskan dimensi data pengguna perilaku di platform Google, Facebook, Twitter, dan bank seperti pencarian, video, lokasi, status, transaksi keuangan. Kemudian membahas tentang teknologi IOT yang terdiri dari sensor, Hadoop, MapReduce, machine learning. Tujuan akhir dari Big Data dan IOT adalah menghasilkan analisis deskriptif dan prediktif untuk mendukung pembangun
This document discusses the potential of internet of things (IoT) technology for creating smart cities. It begins by explaining how large the global IoT market is expected to become by 2020, with billions of connected devices. It then outlines the various components of an IoT ecosystem and discusses market opportunities in areas like application development, integration, and security. The document emphasizes the importance of cities in driving innovation and economic growth. It presents examples of how IoT could be applied in cities for applications like environmental monitoring, parking management, and traffic monitoring. It also discusses challenges around data integration, collection, and analysis for smart cities. Finally, the document discusses approaches for citizen engagement with smart city technologies and applications.
The document discusses the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities. It notes that as more devices become internet-connected, standards like IPv6, 6LoWPAN, and CoAP will be important to enable interoperability. The Web of Things uses these standards and protocols like CoAP to provide web services at the network edge for IoT applications. Sensinode is a provider of end-to-end IoT software solutions and plays a key role in several IoT standardization efforts.
This document discusses using the Internet of Things (IoT) for smart cities. It describes how objects will be equipped with sensors and communication capabilities to connect to the Internet and each other. This allows for various smart city services like structural health monitoring of buildings, waste management, and traffic monitoring. Current trends show IoT evolving from wireless sensor networks and test beds providing valuable insights. However, challenges remain around architecture, security, standardization, and data analytics to fully realize an interoperable smart city IoT platform. The author is interested in collecting and analyzing sensor data on topics like air quality, noise levels, and enabling intelligent transportation systems through vehicular clouds.
This document discusses the concept of smart cities and the role of the Internet of Things. It begins with an overview of smart city concepts and urban IoT architecture. It then describes an experimental study of the PADOVA smart city project in Italy. This includes details on the system architecture used in PADOVA and examples of data collected. The document concludes that IoT solutions are available for smart cities and emerging technologies are expanding the market for related products. It provides references on IoT for smart cities and convergence of technologies.
An introduction to CityGRID: without textRollo Home
The document discusses CityGRID, a 3D data management system for cities. CityGRID allows cities to create detailed 3D models (LOD 1-3) to improve decision making and save money. It provides tools to create, manage, visualize and analyze city models. CityGRID stores models as a structured line-based database for indexing, transactions, security and version control of building data. It enables efficient information management, conservation, urban planning and public consultation using cities' 3D models.
How to Easily Read and Write CityGML Data Using FME Safe Software
CityGML has the potential to broaden the amount and quality of spatial data that is available for use in 3D modelling software. Across the globe, an increasing number of cities and companies are building virtual 3D city models for use in various areas including urban planning, disaster management, navigation and environmental simulations. Learn how FME can help you easily convert, restructure, integrate and distribute this CityGML data to use and share in more than 300 different formats.
Creating, Managing and Sharing 3D Cities with FMESafe Software
This document summarizes Christian Dahmen's presentation on creating, managing, and sharing 3D cities with FME. The presentation examines 3D data modeling concepts and standards like CityGML. It provides examples of how LiDAR data can be used to generate 3D models combining GIS, CAD, and BIM data. The document also discusses strategies for sharing 3D content and how FME can be used for 3D data integration tasks like translating between formats and transforming 2D data to 3D. Case studies from Karlsruhe, Augsburg, and the Netherlands are presented that illustrate real-world FME applications.
BIM Conversion & Analysis Workshop: Story of the I-35W Bridge CollapseSafe Software
The document discusses capabilities of the FME software for working with 3D geospatial data and CityGML models. It provides examples of workflows for converting BIM and CAD files to CityGML and analyzing 3D city models. Specifically, it describes how FME was used to convert a Revit model of the collapsed I-35W bridge in Minneapolis to a CityGML model and link bridge components to external semantic data about the bridge failure for analysis.
Case Study about BIM on GIS platform development project with the standard modelTae wook kang
To realize BIM on GIS technology for productivity of AEC industry, we should have some questions like these.
Questions
• What is the benefit from the fusion
between BIM and GIS as the viewpoint of
the public sector
• What do we should do first?
• What is the barrier to realize it?
• How to develop it?
Research and try to
• find the useful use-cases
• define the technology and the organization
including people etc
• survey the issues and define the considerations
• collaborate and research it with the institutes and
the industries
- 2013.5
The document discusses BIM and GIS interoperability. It outlines the goals of integrating BIM and GIS data to analyze, inform, plan, simulate, coordinate, decide, manage, maintain and protect land, regions, landscapes, neighborhoods, streets, buildings and building components from the past, present and future. Challenges to interoperability between BIM (IFC) and GIS (CityGML) standards are discussed. Current initiatives in the Netherlands and abroad working on integrating BIM and GIS are summarized, including the 3DSDI project between TU/e, TU Delft and the Port of Rotterdam.
Stranger in a Srange Land;Exploring 3D and CityGMLSafe Software
Lessons learned working with 3D and validating CITYGML data. While working on a QA process for CityGML data the FME support team educated me on some of the issues 3D can bring. This presentation will focus on how FME made 3D workable.
Design and Development of BIM on GIS Interoperability Open Platformslhead1
ecently, Construction data has evolved from CAD to BIM and BIM becomes more important data used in various fields like facility management and 3D GIS construction, so there is an increasing need for developing technologies that can be effectively used in post-construction steps. There are lots of trials to model and service not only geographical terrain and outdoor but also indoor space. From this perspective, establishment of BIM and GIS interoperable method and development of service platform became the most important core technology. On this research, spatial data linkage model has been devised to smoothly implement the interoperability between two different kinds of data - BIM data and GIS data.
The platform basically displays BIM data based on 3D GIS such as WorldWind Java developed by NASA and Google Earth. It is also possible to interactively move in and out the buildings and also to see the outside of the building when a user is inside the building and inside of the building while a user is outside the building. Besides, the platform makes users look up the objects of buildings and properties of objects one by one, floor by floor, by similar properties, or all. Users can also edit the properties of objects and do spatial queries for analysis of the data.
This project is co research project of KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology) and Gaia3D and working closely together to develop BIM and GIS Interoperability Open-Platform for the integration of BIM and GIS data since 2012 and have developed the system for smooth operation of big size 3D BIM data and GIS data about plenty of buildings in areas or cities, not just one building. Now, core technologies to integrate BIM into GIS are successfully developed and we will keep improving the system step by step. KICT and Gaia3D together have designed and developed BIM and GIS interoperability open-platform based on the spatial data linkage model. Links between BIM data and GIS data enables efficient and seamless management of indoor and outdoor information at the same time and it also could be used for various services such as real estates and AR (Augmented Reality) services. Gaia3D develops 3D facility management system for Antarctic King Sejong science station to efficiently manage the facilities and publicly promote the station using BIM on GIS system with open source GIS software.
GIS is a system of record and as such incredably valuable basis for design. In the Geodesign process, (3D) GIS technology is incredably powerful for visualizing and analyzing urban designs. Procedural modellng in CityEngine allows city planners and designers generate flexible designs that allow for manipulation of all design parameters. 3D GIS technology connects the real world as it is stored in a realistic model with the virtual worlds of the future designed with procedural modelling.
This document provides an overview of the UrbanIT project, which aims to develop an urban information modeling framework to support integrated metropolitan planning. It discusses the development of an urban information model for the Green Square area in Sydney, based on building information modeling (BIM) standards. The framework uses ontologies and open standards to integrate diverse planning, social and spatial data sources. Example applications include context analysis, compliance checking and BASIX energy assessment. The project demonstrates how an urban information model can help decision-making and management of large-scale urban development projects.
An introduction to the 3D digital city model data management solution CityGRID. From Met GeoInfo, this true 3D RDBMS software provides tools for creation, management and visualisation of 3D city models.
Introduction to mago3D, an Open Source Based Digital Twin PlatformSANGHEE SHIN
This talk was given at the Busan Eco Delta City(Korea National Pilot Smart City) technical workshop held on 18th July. I talked about introduction and history of mago3D, some core technologies, real cases, and lessons learnt in this workshop.
The document discusses how ArcGIS software has evolved to support 3D capabilities that allow users to process drone imagery into 3D models and point clouds, manage large volumes of imagery and 3D data from multiple sources, and share 3D content and services. Challenges of 3D imagery such as file sizes, projections, and accuracy are addressed with tools in ArcGIS like Drone2Map and new 3D scene layer formats that facilitate the creation and use of 3D content across industries.
Fieldtrip GB is a customisable mobile app for collecting mapping and field data. It allows users to [1] save maps for offline use, [2] create custom data collection forms, and [3] search, filter and export collected records. Developing such apps faces challenges like cost, rapid technology changes, and supporting multiple platforms/networks. The app addresses issues with open data mashups like labeling conflicts and alignment. It uses a client-server architecture with PhoneGap, OpenLayers and outsourced data storage. Future plans include more data types and augmented reality. The app aims to empower users and contribute to the "Sensed World Web".
This document summarizes recent trends in the spatial information field and their implications. It discusses the convergence of ICT and spatial IT, the evolution of location technology towards real-time dynamic mapping of both indoor and outdoor spaces, and the rise of digital twins, big data, AI and IoT. It also introduces mago3D as a platform that can visualize massive 3D models and seamlessly integrate BIM and 3D GIS for applications like facility management, cultural heritage preservation and live drone mapping.
This document discusses the use of mobile LiDAR data collection, or mobile mapping (MoDaC), for surveying applications. It provides an overview of how mobile mapping works using dual 3D laser scanners, GPS units, and cameras mounted on a vehicle. The document outlines how mobile mapping can be used to efficiently collect comprehensive 3D data for transportation and infrastructure projects. It also discusses challenges around managing large mobile mapping datasets and HNTB's solution using Oracle Spatial, Amazon EC2 cloud storage, and a Silverlight interface.
RICS CPD Day London - Steven Eglinton - Geospatial BIMGeoEnable Limited
This document summarizes a presentation on geospatial BIM (GeoBIM). The presentation discusses:
1) The role of geospatial data in design, construction, and maintenance of built assets including its use on mega-projects and for planning and decision making.
2) How GeoBIM and BIM convergence can support intelligent location information and urban density.
3) Future opportunities for GeoBIM including its role in digital transformation, smart cities, and emerging technologies like IoT, big data, and artificial intelligence.
BIMtable - The BIM universe on the building site (November 2018)gilbert.peffer
The document discusses the potential for BIM (Building Information Modeling) to transform construction processes at building sites. It introduces BIMtable, a proposed digital hub designed to bring BIM capabilities into the field. BIMtable would allow on-site access to BIM models, documents, and tools via a large touchscreen computer. This could streamline processes like inspection, progress tracking, training and improve information sharing across the construction team. The document outlines various ways BIMtable might be used and its technical specifications, with the goal of helping the on-site construction process become as digitally integrated as design phases.
What we've done so far with mago3D, an open source based 'Digital Twin' platf...SANGHEE SHIN
mago3D = {Indoor, Outdoor} + {Overground, Underground} + {Objects, Phenomena} + {Static, Dynamic}
It would be awesome if you can have a virtual replica of real world that you can play with and do the simulation to see what would happen. That is 'Digital Twin', the ultimate goal of mago3D!
At the FOSS4G NA 2019, I talked about the recent achievements and improvements of mago3D project, an open source based 'Digital Twin' platform. mago3D(http://mago3d.com) is relatively new project that was first released in July 2017. The ultimate goal of mago3D project is developing an open source based digital twin platform that can replicate and simulate the real world objects, processes, and phenomena on web environment. mago3D is on its way to achieve this goal now. Currently mago3D more focuses on managing and visualization of various types of 3D data ranging from simple box style extrusion model, point clouds, realistic mesh, to complex BIM(Building Information Modeling), AEC(Architecture, Engineering, Construction) data. mago3D supports industry standards 3D formats such as IFC, CityGML, IndoorGML, 3DS, Collada DAE, OBJ, LAS, JT, and so on. mago3D has been used in various industry sectors including ship building, urban management, indoor data management, and national defense. In this talk I showcased several real projects that had employed the mago3D and talked about what I'd learned during this projects. I also talked more about the future plan of mago3D towards visualizing/simulating of {static and dynamic data}, {underground and overground features}, {indoor and outdoor spaces}, {objects and phenomena} at the same time on web browser.
As a tech-savvy country, there're lots of discussions and activities around digital twin in Korea. I also shared my real experiences on this in this talk.
Similar to Met Geo Info at The British Cartographic Society 20100611 (20)
12. • To improve decision making, and
• To save time and money in the decision making
process
– Information management
– Conservation
– Urban planning
– Public consultation
32. LOD: Scalable solutions
according need
LoD 1 LoD 1.5 LoD 2 LoD 3 LoD 4
Block Model Generalised Roof Roof Model Detailed Roof Interiors
Model Model
Data Source:
Aerial Aerial Detailed aerial Façade Construction plans
photogrammetry or photogrammetry or photogrammetry photographs and or
airborne laser airborne laser 3D TLS of surveying
scanning scanning complex buildings
Application:
Noise protection, Topographic Local area city Project Homeland security,
large area city mapping planning, development, asset management
planning project architectural
development documentation,
cultural heritage.
33.
34. • CityGML v.1.0 (August 2008)
• OGC Standard
• Developed & promoted by the 3DSIG
• Globally adopted?
– IFC (BuildingSMART)
– Integration with BIM
35.
36. Michael Schlosser
(Geospatial Technical Specialist Autodesk)
• “..3D GIS is about making it easier for the users
of the information and not the CAD and GIS
gurus.
• “..It’s about an easier way to analyze, visualize
and communicate information about our 3D
world.”
A little bit of context – we have been working with 3D digital city models for a number of years now. Our clients, typically large cities dotted across main-land Europe, have identified these models as a vital part of their management strategy for the urban environment, and they have invested heavily in the data, software and staff resources to make them happen. Their use is so prevalent that you could say that it is almost a legal prerequisite for any significant development project…..
So when I heard this statement from John Carpenter I was slightly put out. I hasten to add that I don’t think that this is his personal view, rather the sentiment carried in the statement is born out of a 3 month market perception study, that we participated with, done by the OS at the beginning of the year. Indeed the OS have been doing extensive research in how they can incorporate 3D in to their product set for a number of years now. What this does reveal is the lack of general understanding of where the value of 3D lies. But I also think that it glosses over the problems that are still to be addressed with the handling of 3D data – things that we perhaps take for granted when working with 2D. With the ever wider adoption of 3D to present information across a range of applications, the issues of accuracy of ‘representation’ have become more apparent – yet have not had the level of investigation applied that is common within conventional 2D cartography.
The world we live is in a complex, three dimensional place - yet
yet representation of that world has to date predominately been a process of abstraction into a 2D format.
The output of this process requires interpretation by the user, which introduces the potential for miscommunication
For applications where there is a need to understand our interaction within a place, such as an urban development project, accurate presentation of the actual (and planned) environment is very important For such projects architects, designers and engineers have always used 3D physical models, realising that drawings are the preserve of the professional and actively disinterest the wider stakeholder community
But we are now seeing a greater adoption of virtual (digital) 3D city models because of their ability to convey information more effectively than traditional methods. They offer the potential of more realism (simulation of shifting light and changing seasons), more versatility (respond to and incorporate change), but more than that, they hold the potential to be a map. That is to say, that this is not simply a picture of a street in Linz, but is a base data layer that can provide added understanding to a range of abstract data sets – noise modelling being a good example as it is significantly enhanced with the third dimension.
As pressure on our cities develops, there is greater need to consult with an ever wider group of interested parties on the effective use of our diminishing resources. Urban planning is now a multi-disciplinary pursuit – with each set of professionals bringing to the table their own set of understandings. Effective communication between these groups is vital. Repeated case studies (and I can add our own anecdotal experience to this) have shown that these professionals gain real insight from information presented in 3D There are sound business drivers behind their adoption: productivity and efficiency are enhanced though the entire lifecycle from design and build to operate and manage.
And this “discussion” must be held with the entire stake-holder community – the public are now an integral part of almost any process, but in particular planning. They are now empowered by law, technology and expectation, as never before to influence development. It is therefore vital to engage with them early to ensure their understanding of the proposal, thereby reducing potential conflict.
So if 3D is obviously the answer to all our problems…what is the point that John is making? Or to put it another way – just what are all our clients doing with their 3D city models? Are these models simply nothing more than expensive computer games purchased to impress a Mayor?
Well – there is a real danger that this is exactly what they could become – the reasons for modelling need to be kept in mind - There is a tendency to be led by the visual aspects, which I believe interferes with the true value a model could offer: The main aim has to be to save money – be it by ‘real savings’ in the design process or long-term management of an asset (be that a city, a sub-way network or a single building), or through improved decision making. So what are they doing with the models? Obviously there is a range of applications – but I’ve broadly grouped them in to these 4 categories.
Here the model is being used as a record of the built environment. There is no better means of recording the structure and fabric of an urban area than 3D. It’s More intuitive than a map, certainly more interactive – and this means that it can be used as a baseline for other applications such as disaster management (fire brigade) These images show CityGRID being used live in an emergency command centre – this was an exercise carried out in the run up to the European Cup. Detailed information of buildings (above and below ground) were relayed to ground teams who otherwise would have been acting blind.
The volume of information that can be captured and retained of important buildings is immense. Often these culturally significant buildings have no structural records making the management of them harder to say the least. Here we see a model constructed from a terrestrial laser scan survey being used – amongst other things – for the design of replacement masonry.
Urban Planning is obviously a ‘catch-all’ description that covers many issues and disciplines, but I thought I’d show you an extreme example of CityGRID being used actively to assist the decision making process In this case – it is shadow analysis. Not for a ‘right to light’ as we might expect in the UK, but for animal welfare – in particular for assessing the amount of time spent in the shade by Vienna's famous horse-drawn taxi’s. The yellow indicates the taxi-stands!
Clearly an important element of a 3D model is its visual impression – to be an effective communication tool, especially for non-technical audiences – it needs to convey complex information without over simplifying or distracting with the noise of portraying every detail of the real world. How the audience interacts with the model is an important consideration for its design. In this instance we’re working in a live public consultation meeting for OBB. A series of road-shows toured the route of a new high-speed line to the affected communities. Members of the public were given detailed information via the model, but with engineers on hand to address questions and concerns. The aim of the model therefore was realism.
… .where we need to interact with the wider community, for example via information booths (this one based on the ESRI ArcExplorer technology for the city of Oslo), the model is simplified to represent the key messages the client needs to convey. Clutter is removed.
Or we can go wider still via the WWW – in this case Google Earth….. While a useful tool for reaching a mass audience it is not a preferred option for consultation It is useful however for Tourism – and……
this is a rather interesting example from the City of Linz and Ars Electronica who have used CityGRID to develop a 3D projected public information terminal!
And just to confound – many of our clients are using digital models simply to generate hard copy output.
City of Zagreb –To replace a wood model that had ‘burnt down’
So we can see that accuracy defines the models suitability to its proposed application But when we discuss 3D accuracy we entre a grey area. Positional accuracy becomes superseded by issues of representation. But I feel that for a model to have real value, it can not simply focus on visual characteristics, but must also be semantically correct – and the reason for this is that for all of the examples just listed, none of those models was developed with the single application in mind. They are derived works from a base product to meet specific requirements. This is where a structured data model becomes vital.
So Accuracy is a factor of a number of criteria. The primary indicator is the positional accuracy of the features – this is generally specified in plan, with Z (where recorded) generally being significantly coarser. This is familiar territory to most here, but for many involved in the commissioning of city models, it is apparently of little interest. There is an assumption that the data will be ‘accurate’, and perhaps with the current technologies on offer this is a reasonable expectation. It is not uncommon however for us to have to introduce ‘error’ into the model in order to conform to cadastral records – truth being an inconvenience to the law.
Geometry is where we start defining the form and appearance of the buildings – and the vagaries begin. Where a 2D map is understood to be an abstraction, there is an expectation that a 3D model is a carbon copy of the actual city. But there are two issues with this: Cost of capture Utility of the model – at what point does ‘enhancement’ become ‘noise’?
Textures are applied to the surface of the model to add visual clarity – but can also be used to enhance the model through, for example, the identification of windows which is very useful for noise modelling. They offer therefore a very fast and cost effective way of adding real information to a model, without the need to actually model to that level of detail
I have an example of that from Glasgow. Here the client insisted on the physical capture of all recesses over 10cm deep. An expensive and time consuming requirement, but one that added nothing of value to the model for its intended purpose. Instead, applying bump images to a simplified façade provides an equally engaging street view – and that was what this model was required for: contextual placement of proposed developments. A detailed massing model
In this example, we see an impressive model of Vas in Norway. Generated using the very smart C3 technology, this is actually a draped surface – created incredibly cheaply and quickly it is a very good tool for providing an overview of the city, but….
… once we zoom in – we see that the model does not make logical sense. Here the tree is actually incorporated into the fabric of the building. This would render it unsuitable for nearly any analytical purpose. So how do we describe it’s accuracy in a helpful way?
That is something that standards should help address – and in this particular area of interest that falls to CityGML
Released by the OGC, it is actually supported by the 3DSIG of which we sit on various technical committees. CityGML uses GML (Geographic Mark-up Language) for the geometric descriptions of buildings. The significant element to CityGML however is that it adds semantics to the geometric data . This includes a concept of Levels of Detail (LoD) for buildings;
So lets examine these. There are 5 classes from 0 (a terrain surface) to 4 (interors) The LoD is an indication of the precision that the building has been modelled to independent of any positional issues or correspondence with reality. It is also to the discretion of the modeller as to what LoD they apply particular features to – thus the level of granularity varies between models. There are sound reasons for a generic standard to adopt a flexible approach – but it does help confuse the wider audience!
But there does appear to be some emerging acceptance of these levels….. There is an added ambiguity however, through the use of sub levels. These are not in anyway official and show that in general ‘par-lance’ the terms are used flexibly. So 1.5 is being used to described buildings which have a generalised roof-model. This means that the contractor is applying a best-fit from a library. This is typical of (semi) automated processes - especially when LiDAR data is being used as the raw input. The result is significantly cheaper, but visually indistinguishable from a true LoD2 model (where the roof has been modelled from real data) but clearly has a low utility for certain applications (for example solar panel placement – as we have done for EDF) The cynic might conclude this was potentially deliberate to elevate the offerings of one technical delivery over another.
CityGML also introduces other concepts of importance: There are different classes of model components for describing buildings, terrain, vegetation, city furniture, roads, water bodies and so on, And there is a hierarchy of parts allowing for aggregation into objects Predictably however many CityGML models will follow the standard for geometry & appearance so that the data is displayed correctly in CityGML viewers, but will disregard the semantic elements . Visually these models are acceptable, but as tools for analysing and managing the urban infrastructure they are flawed. So here we see the water being classed as land – and it’s not simply a case of updating the attributes to resolve this.
So to add further to this mix – there is always the issue of competing standards – and there is a question mark over the potential uptake of CityGML – the US is a key market to crack, but there an alternative approach is gaining momentum in the form of INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES from the School of BIM. Perhaps there is some potential for convergence here – as has happened so successfully with GIS and CAD, So to that end we’re currently working with Northumbria University on an R&D proposal to examine the interchange between the standards (ref. magazine!!!)
So in summary – it is buyer beware out there in the 3D market place. If you thought that mash-ups were highlighting a depressing general lack of understanding of data quality – be prepared to be depressed all over again.
3D as a primary form of information display will happen – but there are some huge hurdles to over come, and I’ve only been looking at one issue here.